design changes addressing measurement limitations … · other flow rate measurement capability...
TRANSCRIPT
DESIGN CHANGES ADDRESSING MEASUREMENT LIMITATIONS OF ORIFICE FLOWMETERS
DR. ZAKI HUSAINTECHNICAL CONSULTANT
ZS TECHNOLOGY, LLC
1
ORIFICE METER LIMITATIONS
• Maximum Differential Pressure
• Reattachment Pointo Effects on downstream pressure port
o Closest Sample Collection Point – 5D
• Single Point Measuremento Fully Developed Flow Profile
o Concentricity of Plate Bore
o Flow Conditioner
o Long Upstream/Downstream Meter Tubes
• Large variations in beta ratio
• Single Phase Fluid Flow
• Permanent Pressure Drop
• Stringent Mechanical Toleranceso Edge Sharpness
o Pipe Roughness
o Pipe Circularity
o Upstream Steps and Gaps
o Upstream/Downstream Tap Distance
o Plate Roughness
o Plate Bore Thickness
o Plate Bevel and Plate Land Thickness
2
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP & RESULT
AIR FLOW FACILITY: 0.3, 0.5, AND 0.7 BETA RATIO PLATES
Reynolds Number Range 21,000 to 160,000TOROIDAL SHAPE INLET PROFILE (Ower & Pankhurst, Measurement of Airflow, Pergamon Press, NY, 5th Edition, 1977)
This paper by Dr. Zaki Husain & Dr. Ray Teyssandier was presented at the 1985 ASME Winter Annual Meeting and later archived as GPA
Technical Report 13. This paper is referenced in the ISO, API, AGA, GPA Orifice Meter standards, which is the basis for minimum piping length
requirements for downstream disturbances and tolerances for upstream and downstream pressure tap locations.
3
EFFECT OF CENTER TAP PRESSURE ON UPSTREAM PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
Differential pressure referenced to Center Tap pressure, normalized by maximum differential pressure between upstream line
pressure referenced to Center Tap pressure.
4
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON FACE OF THE ORIFICE PLATE
5
DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
Center Tap Pressure demonstrated minimal influence of flow profile disturbances. Differential pressure readings at any location
of the orifice meter pipe and on plate surface, when normalized by the maximum differential pressure between upstream line
pressure and Center Tap pressure influence of piping and plate geometry indicated minimal influence.
6
EFFECT OF ECCENTRICITY ON DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
This paper on effect of orifice plate eccentricity by Dr. Zaki Husain and Dr. Ray Teyssandier was presented at the 1983 British
Instrument Society Conference and later archived as GPA Technical Publication 13 is also referenced in ISO, A{I, AGA, and GPA
Orifice Meter Standards
7
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AVERAGING OF TAPS
8
WITHSTAND HIGH DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURES
9
ELIMINATE INFLUENCE OF DOWNSTREAM DISTURBANCES & SINGLE POINT PRESSURE MEASUREMENT ISSUES
• Averaging Pressure Port
• Higher Differential
• Measured at High Velocity Point
• Minimize Effects of Downstream
Flow Disturbances
• Independent of Downstream
Reattachment point
• Bidirectional Flow Measurement
Capability
PC
10
4” METER 0.3 BETA RATIOCEESI AIR CALIBRATION
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0.712
0.714
0.716
0.718
0.720
0.722
0.724
0.726
0.728
0.730
200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000
6" TorusWedge 0.5356 BETA - CEESI-water
Cd Ave +0.5% 0.5% +1.0% -1.0%
Dis
char
geC
oe
ffci
en
t, C
d
Reynolds Number, Re
6” METER 0.54 BETA RATIOCEESI WATER CALIBRATION
CENTER TAP
12
0.705
0.710
0.715
0.720
0.725
0.730
- 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000
Discharge Coefficient Vs. Reynolds Number
+1
6” Water & 4” Air Calibration @ CEESI Calibration FacilityInfluence on discharge coefficient due to line size and bore size is minimized by referring to the Center
Tap pressure
13
0.680
0.705
0.730
0.755
0.780
0.805
0.830
0.855
0.880
0.905
0.930
0.955
0.980
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000
Dis
cha
rge C
oeff
icie
nt, C
d
Flow Rate, gpm
10" meter 0.7 Beta Water CalibrationWith and without 1/2" Probe 1/2-D Downstream
MTR2+Pr
MTR2-Pr
Sample Probe and/or Density Probe installed 0.5D downstream
of the TorusWedge will obtain better representative samples and
will allow more precise density readings of multiphase flows.
14
MODIFIED DESIGN
Aligning
Pins
Aligning Pin is shown on
the upstream side of the
TorusWedge for visual aid.
Aligning Pins are located
downstream face of the
TorusWedge
High Pressure Tap
Low Pressure Tap
15
INSTALLATION OF TORUSWEDGE
16
SELF ALIGNING CENTER PORT
Differential Pressure
Taps can be offered as
parallel ports, to allow
direct mounting of the
Differential Pressure
Transmitter.
17
DUAL CHAMBER CENTER TAP CONFIGURATION
18
OPTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITY
• ADD SECOND DP TO STANDARD FLANGE TAPS.
• COMPARE THE HISTORICAL PRESSURE RATIO OF DP MEASURED BETWEEN UPSTREAM PRESSURE TAP AND
CENTER TAP TO DP MEASURED BETWEEN STANDARD FLANGE TAPS.
• AT A GIVEN FLOW RATE, THAT PRESSURE RATIO IS CONSTANT AND BE MORE THAN 1.
• DEVIATION OF PRESSURE RATIO FROM THE HISTORICAL VALUE BY MORE THAN 5% IS INDICATION OF
POSSIBLE LEAKAGE AROUND THE PLATE SEALS, DAMAGE TO , OR DEPOSIT ON THE TORUSWEDGE.
19
OTHER FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY
REMOTE SEAL DP TRANSMITTER FOR FLOWS WITH SUSPENDED SOLIDS OF LIQUID DROPLETS
MODIFIED DESIGN MONITORING CENTER TAP PRESSURE BY REMOTE SEAL DP TRANSMITTER IS AVAILABLE. 20
QUESTIONS
21