design of etp plant(3)

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A REPORT ON

DESIGN OF EVAPORATOR FOR AN EFFLUENT

TREATMENT PLANT

Submitted by

Mehta MitulArjunbhai (090490119049) Patel RajankumarDineshbhai (090490119039) Patel YogeshkumarNatubhai (100493119007) Patel Kripalkantilal (090490119063) Patel NiharkumarAshwinbhai (090490119002) Prajapati JigarkumarIshvarbhai (090490119037)

In fulfilment the award of the degree

Of

Bachelor of engineering

InMechanical

S. N. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

CENTRE, UMRAKH, BARDOLI


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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the dissertation entitled DESIGN OF EVAPORATOR FORAN EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT has been carried out by

Mehta MitulArjunbhai (090490119049) Patel RajankumarDineshbhai (090490119039) Patel YogeshkumarNatubhai (100493119007) Patel Kripalkantilal (090490119063) Patel NiharkumarAshwinbhai (090490119002) PrajapatiJigarkumarIshvarbhai (090490119037)

Under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of bachelor of engineering in

mechanical department of GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

AHMADABAD during the academic year 2012-2013.

DATE: 13-10-2012

MR. VIPUL R. PATEL MR. ARJUN B. MEHTA


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(Internal project guide) (External project guide)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After the several months of work, it took to produce the few pages before you, a

few people that were support to this project need to be thanked. First and most of all Prof.

Mr. Vipul R. Patel for his supervision of the project and freedom he left for me to choose most

of the project direction and working hours.Also i would like to thanks Mr. Arjun B. Mehtafor all technical support and guidance.I would like to thank Dr. Piyush s. Jain, who gave me

the opportunity to work on this project and helped to get industrial experience as well.Thanks to everybody around who has always provided a perfect environment for the research

and development at all levels.

Finally, I would like to thank my friends, for their support both emotionally and

financially, in completing this endeavor. I sincerely appreciate their patience and

understanding while waiting for me to complete our project. I would like to

acknowledge their comments and suggestions, which was crucial for the successfulcompletion of this study. Without their overwhelming positive influence on my project, I

would not have been able to achieve our goals.

Last but not the least, I humble the God almighty for every success in my life.

Thank you.


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NOMENCULATURE

Mfmass of feed water.

Msmass of solute

Msmass of steam

M2mass of thick liquor

W1 weight of solute in feed water

W2weight of solute in thick liquor

latent heat of vaporization of saturated water

slatent heat of condensation steam

Qs rate of heat transfer

Cpfspecific heat of feed solution

Aarea of heat transfer

T temperature difference

Tscondensing steam temperature

TBoiling point of solution

Ntnumber of tubes,


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L length of tube , m

U overall heat transfer co-efficient

ddiameter of tube

LIST OF FIGURE

Sr No. Figure Name Page No.1 Open Pan Evaporator 92 Horizontal Type Evaporator 10345


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CHAPTER:1

INTRODUCTION

1: Introduction:

Effluent treatment plant is used to treat the waste water generated in company. It separates the water and sludge and purifies the water. Now waste water generated is in very large amount so we are treating it in etp

plant and reusing it and those which are not treated biologically or contains excess

salts we are evaporating it instead of discharging.

And the remaining liquor we are getting, we will dry it and would dispatch it tosolid waste site.


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1.1: Working:

1)Preliminary Treatment

includes simple processes that deal with debris and solid material. The

purpose of preliminary treatment is to remove those easily separable

components. Thisis usually performed by screening (usually by bar

screens) and grit removal. Their removal isimportant in order to increase

the effectiveness of the later treatment processes and preventdamages to

the pipes, pumps and fittings

.2)Primary Treatment

is mainly the removal of solids by settlement. Simple settlement of

thesolid material in sewage can reduce the polluting load by significant

amounts. It can reduce

BOD by up to 40%. Some examples of primary treatment is septic tanks,

septic tanks with upflow filters, Imhoff tanks.

3)Secondary Treatment

In secondary treatment the organic material that remains in thewastewater

is reduced biologically. Secondary treatment actually involves harnessing

andaccelerating the natural process of waste disposal whereby bacteria

convert organic matter

to stable forms. Both aerobic and anaerobic processes are employed in

secondarytreatment. Some examples of secondary treatment are UASB,

reed bed systems, trickling filters and stabilisation ponds.

4)Tertiary treatment


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is the polishing process whereby treated effluent is further purified

toacceptable levels for discharge. It is usually for the removal of specific

pollutants e.g.nitrogen or phosphorus or specific industrial pollutants.

Tertiary treatment processes aregenerally specialised processes. Some

examples of tertiary treatment are banks clarifiers,

grass plots, etc.

5) Evaporator

Open pan evaporator

Fig 1.1 Open Pan Evaporator


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fig 1.3 vertical tub evaporator

Forced circulation evaporator


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1.2: Objective:

The objective of the thesis is to formulate the design calculation procedure for an

Evaporator of an effluent treatment plant. In this we are going to calculate the amount of water

evaporated, the amount of thick liquor obtained,steam consumption, area of evaporator and

according to it we would perform minor design


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1.3: Application:

By designing of effluent treatment plant, the application of this plant is the treatment of waste

water in all the chemical industries , pharmaceutical industries, paper mills, refineries, and many

more industries use the effluent treatment plant for distillation of water. There are different

chemical in particular company so the process of effluent treatment of that particular plant is

different but the concept of plant is same, which is distillation of water.

1.4: Advantages:

Eco friendly Company can be easily expanded by getting permission from gpcb. New companies would get the permission of production. Aquatic animals life would not be disturbed. Destruction to human life would be reduced. Innovation to new types of disease would be reduced. Overall water pollution would be controlled.

1.5: Drawbackis:

Investment cost of an evaporator.


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CHAPTER:2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1:LITERATURE REVIEW:


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CHAPTER: 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Mass of thick liquorSolute in feed = Solute in thick solution

W1 mf = W2m

1416.66 = 30 m

m = 13.88

Mass of water evaporatedWater evaporated = feed waterthick liquor

v= fm

= 416.6613.88

v = 402.78

steam consumptionHeat loss by condensing steam = heat gained by solution to increase its temp. to boiling point


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+ heat required to evaporate water

s s = f Cpf((T- Tf) + v v

s = latent heat of condensation of steam at 170C = 2046.5

v = latent heat of vaporization at 373 K = 2257

temp. of thick liquor,

T = T + B.P.E

= 373 + 10

T = 383

Tf = temp. of feed water = 32C = 305 K

f = 416.66

Cpf = 4.187

Putting all this value in equation,

s s = f Cpf ((T- Tf ) + v v

s 2046.5 = 416.66 4.187 ( 383 305 ) + 402.77 2257

s =

= 510.69

s 511

Rate of heat transfer,Q = s s


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= 511 2046.5

= 1045761.5

=

Q = 290489.3056

Area of evaporator,Q = UA T

T = TsT

Where Ts = saturated temperature of steam, 443 K

T = temperature of thick liquor. 383 K

T = 443 383

T = 60 k

A =

Where, U =1750 W/ m2k

A =

A = 2.76 m2

Finding no. of tubes,A= 2rln.


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Here we will assume tube diameter from standard materials available in the market and length as

per model size.

Diameter d = i.5 inch

Length l = 2 m

A = 2 2 n

n =

n = 12 tubes

Efficiency of evaporator, =

= 100 %

= 81.53 %

CHAPTER: 4 Material selection

Material for tubes of evaporator:-1. stainless steel.2. cast iron.3. copper.4. aluminium.5. nickel


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from the above listed materials we are going to select copper for making tubes.

Material for shell of evaporator.1. stainless steel.2. gray cast iron.3. copper.4. chromiun nickel alloy.5. mild steel.from the above listed material we would select gray cast iron.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

COPPERi. Excellent resistance to corrosionii. non magnetic propertiesiii. easy to work, it is ductile and malleable.iv. moderate to high hardness and strength.v. high thermal and electrical conductivityvi. it can be easily polished,plated and possess a pleasing appearnce.vii.resistance to fatigue, abrassion and corrosionviii. it can be soldered, brazed or welded.ix. very good machinability.x. easy of forming alloys with other elements like Zn,Sn,Al,Pb,Si,Ni,etc.Application

i. electrical partsii. heat exchangers


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iii. screw machine productsiv. household utensils.

Cast ironi. It possess high compressive strength.ii. It has low tensile strength.iii. It possess high rigidity.iv. It has high stability after weathering.v. high fluidity and ability to make sound castings.vi. Easily machined to a good finish.vii.Self damping does not vibrate or ring prevents chatter when used

for machine frames.

viii. self lubricatingix. Good anti-friction properties.x. it possesses machinability better than steel

Application

i. Machine tool structure.ii. Gas or water pipes for underground purposes.iii. Manhole covers.iv. Cylinder blocks and heads for i.c. enginesv. Tunnel segment.vi. Frames for electric motorsvii.Ingot moulds.viii. sanitary waresix. Piston rings


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x. Rolling mills and general machinery part.xi. Household appliances.

REFERENCES:-

1) Unit operation-1, by k.s. ganvahe.

2) material science and metallurgy, by o.p.khanna.

3) chemical engg. handbook, perry

4)

design of etp plant(3)

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