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Mini-house in Kobe

Architect:Hiroaki Ohtani, KobeStructural engineer:Hirokazu Touki, Kobe

This tiny (just 33 m2) plot offered a chance for a young couple to build a house in ex-pensive downtown Kobe. But it meant a rad-ical change of lifestyle. Storage space and separate, closed-off rooms had to be sacri-ficed. Behind the largely glazed front, some privacy is gained through offsetting the lev-els inside. Slats built into the facade and a large tree outside also screen the interior. The space is maximised by using few mate-rials and concealing details. The double-flight staircase, at first sight seemingly over-sized, actually fulfils the same purpose, link-ing all levels into a single space continuum, and enabling diverse visual connections be-tween the various areas. The wooden steps, also used as seats, take up the theme of the dominant concrete slats.Throughout the house over 1800 of these precast units were threaded onto vertical steel rods; where they form a continuous unit, they act as structural columns or wall slabs. In the non-supporting sections, the slats are evenly spaced. Steps, seats and counter tops are inserted into these gaps; switches and supply lines are also con-cealed here.

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up to 3600 mm in length; slats over 1000 mm long are tensioned along their length with two steel cables (circular stainless-steel caps visible on the ends)

3 skylight, 10 mm transparent polycarbonate 4 transparent glass strips, 15 + 15 + 19 mm 5 sliding panel, toughened glass in aluminium frame 6 sisal carpet, 100 mm reinforced concrete 50/180 mm precast concrete 7 translucent glass strips, 15 + 15 + 19 mm

tsacerp gnidaerht rof elbac leets mm 32 8 concrete slats in the solid, supporting wall sections; after threading, cables tensioned per floor (basement: 300 kN; ground floor: 250 kN; 1st floor: 150 kN), then intermediate areas between cables and slats filled in with jointing mortar

gnisolcne niks leets dezinavlag ,lenap hciwdnas 9 rigid PU foam core, on steel spacers

10 6/50 mm stainless-steel bar tsacerp neewteb detlob ,pets nedoow mm 05 11

concrete slats

Sectionsscale 1:20

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House in Chur

Architect and Structural engineer:Patrick Gartmann, Chur

tion. Its sculpted outer form is produced not by intricate multiple layering, but through the use of a single, solid material concrete. Depending on structural requirements or re-quired insulation values, the walls are made of either ordinary concrete or insulation-grade structural concrete. The outer walls are 45 cm thick (U-value: 0.58 W/m2K ap-prox.) and the roof slab 60 65 cm (U-value: 0.4 W/m2K approx.). No further layers were necessary no insulation, no plaster, no render, not even any metal flashing or gravel on the roof. The insulating concrete was de-veloped by the architect himself, in co-oper-ation with two manufacturing firms. In this new product, gravel was replaced by ex-

panded clay and sand by expanded glass. Like the expanded clay, the glass pellets are insulating and lightweight. Their shape promotes good flowability and helps control undesirable reactions between the glass and the cement that could lead to spalling and rust. No surface treatment was applied, except for on the roof, where a UV-resistant, permanently elastic coat of plastic-modified cement slurry was applied to prevent mois-ture penetration. Although this special con-crete was almost twice as expensive as conventional concrete, savings were made in terms of fewer trades on site, a shorter build time and because the outer skin is only a single-layer construction.

High above the upper Rhine valley, on the slopes of Hochwang mountain, is this three-storey detached house. Situated within an area subject to a rigorous development plan (drawn up by Bearth and Deplazes), this cuboid volume unfolds inside in a virtuoso sequence of spaces from the living room at the top with a picture-book view of Chur and the mountains beyond to the large kitchen/dining room on the ground floor, which has direct access to the garden. Only a few materials were used in its construc-tion, most of them left untreated, for example exposed concrete and solid walnut and larchwood. The special feature of this house, however, is its monolithic construc-

moorhtaB 5ydutS 6

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draytruoC 1

ecnartnE 2moor gniviL 3

moordeB 4

nehctik/gniniD 8 secivreS 9

ecarreT 01

Site planscale 1:1500

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Photo: Thomas Dix/architekturphoto, Dsseldorf

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reppots enif tnenopmoc-2 ,tnalaes 1 etercnoc gnitalusni mm 056 006 2

to fallsetercnoc gnitalusni mm 054 3

:gnizalg dexif 4 12 mm toughened glass + 10 mm cavity + 8 mm float glass

:roolf dnoces noitcurtsnoc roolf 5 etercnoc decrofnier mm 003

slab with white cement and pale-coloured aggregates, surface-sanded, underfloor heating concreted in

wodniw tnemesac rebmit 6 leets sselniats mm 02 epipniard 7

:roolf tsrif noitcurtsnoc roolf 8 gnidraob hcral mm 081/03

50 mm battens on mat 220 mm reinforced concrete

:roolf dnuorg noitcurtsnoc roolf 9 gnidraob hcral mm 081/03

50 mm battens on mat 200 mm reinforced concrete 100 mm polystyrene thermal insulation

emarf rebmit ni rood gnidils ssalg 0111 heating and services conduit

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Apartment block in Basel

Architects:Miller & Maranta, BaselAssistants:Peter Baumberger (Project Manager), Ines Sigrist, Patrick von Planta, Marco Husmann, Clemens Blessing (Construction Management)Structural engineer:Conzett / Bronzini / Gartmann, Chur

The park surrounding Villa Schwarz is an important recreation space for people living on the outskirts of Basel. On this site the architects interpreted the idea of a villa not as a free-standing single-family house, but as an eight-storey housing block with 31 apartments. The idea of creating an arborial structure was important in the design. Despite its size and volume, there is no sense of any great mass, thanks to a double-angled ground plan and the intrica-cy and diversity in the facade design. Built to an irregular grid, the concrete support frame for the facades is stained dark brown. The trees in the park are reflected in the sto-rey-high windows, enhancing the integrating

effect. The external blinds angle out slightly towards the bottom, thus emphasising the sculptural nature of the building volume. The self-supporting facade is a mix of both pre-cast components and in-situ concrete. It is connected to the floor slabs only on the nar-row sides. The ground floor is designed as a parterre. At its base the structure is set back slightly, this distinctive narrowing giving the building the appearance of floating above the ground.The two foyer areas also appear spacious and light. The concrete walls in these en-trance areas are colour-stained in the same way as the facade. The communications core and staircases also share the same

dark coloration, creating a very introverted impression. Inside the apartments, however, the mood changes completely. The almost fully glazed facades open up the space to the surrounding park. On the west side, looking into the park, are loggias and rooms that can be used for a variety of functions. The living rooms on the standard floors extend across the whole depth of the building. From the east-facing rooms there is a view over the adjacent stream. The 5 1/2-roomed apartments at the ends have daylight from three sides: out on the loggia the impression of living in the park is strongest. From here you can even smell the trees.

Section Floor plansscale 1:5001 Entrance2 Hallway

3 Kitchen4 Lounge/dining room5 Room6 Loggia

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1 extensively planted roof 100 mm planted layer filter mat, drainage 1 mm root-inhibitor membrane 2 3 mm bitumen seal separation layer thermal insulation 200 mm rigid-foam polystyrene 200 300 mm reinforced concrete to falls 10 mm gypsum plaster 2 slatted sun blind, 70 mm aluminium 3 handrail, 25/70/4 mm powder-coated steel profile

:ssalg ytefas detanimal ,teparap 4 2 8 mm toughened glass 5 5/80 mm steel flat, powder-coated 6 40/60/4 mm steel profile powder-coated 7 thermal insulation, mineral wool 8 double glazing: 2 6 mm float glass + 12 mm cavity softwood and aluminium window frame

:gnizalg elbuod 9 2 6 mm toughened

glass + 16 mm cavity in aluminium post-and-rail facade

htiw rood ecnartne muinimula mm 48 01 thermally separated stove-enamelled steel frame11 250 mm precast concrete element colour-stained thermal insulation 80 mm mineral wool vapour barrier 30 mm thermal insulation between 40/80 mm battens 25 mm plasterboard, double layer12 10 mm oak parquet

htiw deercs tnemec mm )08( 001 underfloor heating, footstep sound insulation

20 (40) mm mineral wooletercnoc decrofnier mm 022

10 mm gypsum plaster

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,talf leets mm 01/05 ,liardnah 1 treated with zinc-rich primer then painted

edges rounded2 handrail standard,

,ebut leets mm 4/02 treated with zinc-rich primer then painted

3 30 mm colour-stained high-strength screed staircase, in-situ concrete4 3 mm foamed-plastic joint strip5 8/190/60 mm steel footplate6 levelling layer, liquid cement

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11 Group room12 Changing room13 Staffroom14 Staff cloakroom

Site planscale 1:2000

Floor plansscale 1:500

1 Entrance hall2 Gymnasium3 Caretaker4 Equipment room5 Dining hall

6 Kitchen 7 Workshop 8 Crafts room 9 Storage10 Classroom

School in Niederhasli

Architects:Bnzli & Courvoisier Architects, ZurichAssistants:Samuel Bnzli, Simon Courvoisier, Dario MirraStructural engineer:Aerni + Aerni, Zurich

Niederhasli, a village of just 8,000 inhabit-ants close to the outskirts of Zurich, has a mix of different housing styles. This new school is adjacent to a group of 1970s high-rise apartment blocks on the southwest, whereas it overlooks fields and meadows on the northeast. The low, linear school build-ing acts like a visual link in this heterogene-ous setting.At the same time the uncompromising ex-posed concrete of the facade gives the building its own distinctive identity. Inside, cool visual concrete is used on the walls and warm-toned larchwood for the furniture, a juxtaposition that further enhances the ef-fect of each material. This materiality is es-pecially strong in the classrooms, which are panelled entirely in wood, creating a calm, cosy atmosphere. Larchwood also appears on the classroom facades. A weightier, more solid impression is created in the hall and stairwells with their thick walls of visual concrete. Daylight falling through the sky-lights into the stairwells further dramatises this material effect.In recent years the population of this small village has been growing rapidly, and the school needs to expand continuously. Provi-sion is made for this in the arrangement of the ground plan an additive system based on identical sections, each containing a staircase, two classrooms and a group room, that can be built on as required.

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Sectionsscale 1:500

Detail sectionsscale 1:20

1 window vent, sandwich construction: 21 mm oiled larch board frame 60 mm thermal insulation acoustic insulation 5 mm heavy grade foil 21 mm oiled larch board2 27 mm oiled larch board with 10 mm joints, acoustic mat vapour barrier

100 mm wood fibreboard 400 mm reinforced concrete3 27 mm oiled larch planks vapour barrier 180 mm wood fibreboard 400 mm reinforced concrete4 sun screen, fabric blinds5 black-out blinds6 27 mm oiled larch board vapour barrier 60 mm wood fibreboard 400 mm reinforced concrete7 built-in cupboard, 27 mm oiled larch8 18 mm gypsum-bound plywood, non-combustible veneered, hard-waxed larch

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1 lifting-sliding door, larch2 wall construction: 27 mm non-combustible fibrated concrete board hard-waxed veneered larchwood vapour barrier 160 mm wood fibreboard 400 mm reinforced concrete3 27 mm non-combustible fibrated concrete board hard-waxed, veneered larchwood vapour barrier 70 mm rockwool between timber profiles of support structure 400 mm reinforced-concrete floor4 floor construction: 100 mm granolithic screed polythene sheeting thermal insulation, 120 mm extruded polystyrene 300 mm reinforced concrete, watertight

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Photo: Timothy Hursley, USA-Little Rock/Arkansas

Church complex in Louisiana

Architects:Trahan Architects, Baton Rouge Victor F. Trey TrahanAssistants:Kirk Edwards, Brad DavisStructural engineers:Schrenk & Peterson Consulting Engineers, New Orleans

This new church complex for the Catholic community of St. Amant in Louisiana gathers together a range of facilities and functions that were previously spread out across a wider area in and around the town. The ar-chitect drew up a master plan for an ensem-ble of classrooms, administration offices and a small chapel. The single-storey build-ings, connected by a covered walkway, are grouped around a central courtyard with chapel. With its lush green grass and care-ful landscaping this inner space brings the surrounding countryside into the complex. Around the chapel the ground is lowered, a ramp leads to the entrance. As with all the solid surfaces in the ensemble, here, too, the ramp and the chapel interior are of rein-forced concrete with an in-situ finish of a high visual standard. Surfaces, walls and floors outside and inside form a single visual continuum and create a harmonious mono-lithic impression.Because of the warm climate in this part of the United States, the in-situ concrete, poured with high precision, did not need to be insulated. Large vertical expanses of glass and carefully placed skylights harness light as a feature of the spatial design. In the chapel light is filtered down through angled shafts integrated in the solid concrete walls (which are up to 2.70 m thick). The use of in-direct lighting enhances the meditative mood in the small space.

Section Floor planscale 1:750

1 Oratory (chapel)2 Ramp3 Religious education4 Classroom5 Courtyard6 Covered walkway7 Administration8 Private courtyard

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,ssalg denehguot mm 7.21 :thgilyks 1 joints fixed with adhesive

stnemele krowmrof maof-digir yb depahs ,llewthgil 2wrapped with plastic laminate to produce a smooth, semi-reflective finish

metsys gnilaes foor desab-nemutib 3 installations space between 2 100 mm reinforced-concrete floor

detalusni ton ,llaw edistuo 4 300 2700 mm reinforced concrete

5 cross, 100/12.7 mm pre-patinated steel plate, screw fixings concealed

decrofnier dellewort-htooms mm 082 ,bals roolf 6 concrete on blinding layer

7 door, 25 50 mm cast glass, convex on both sides held at upper and lower edges in 25/25 50 mm and 50/2550 mm stainless-steel profiles sill, 6.3 mm stainless-steel profile

etercnoc decrofnier mm 005 052 ,pmar dednepsus 8

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1 roof over walkway in-situ concrete unit poured in fibreglass formwork 50 mm thick wall foam-filled cavity, poured with column2 counterweight 50 mm reinforcing bars3 355 mm reinforced-concrete column, rigidly fixed

etercnoc-decrofnier ,yawklaw 4 element to 100 mm falls

5 canopy, 76 mm reinforced concrete

6 storey-height glazing 12.7 mm laminated glass 7 254 mm reinforced-concrete column 8 coping, 6 mm anodized aluminium 9 roof sealing system, bitumen-based 200 mm reinforced-concrete floor, fixed between partition walls10 skylight glazing: 12.7 mm laminated glass11 external wall, not insulated 200 mm reinforced concrete

etercnoc-decrofnier mm 001 ,roolf 21slab, smooth-trowelled finish on blinding layer

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Dutch Embassy in Ethiopia

Architects:Dick van Gameren und Bjarne Mastenbroek, AmsterdamAbba Architects, Addis AbabaAssistants:Remco van Buuren, Mike Davis, Matteo Fosso, Willmar GroenendijkStructural engineers:Ove Arup & Partners, LondonMessele Haile Engineering, Addis Ababa

The new Dutch embassy in Ethiopia is situ-ated in a eucalyptus wood on the outskirts of Addis Ababa. The long, horizontal struc-ture cuts across the sloping terrain. Along its length the sandy-red, rough-shuttered concrete building is penetrated and articu-lated by the landscape, thus forming a strong link between inside and outside space. A broad canopy, characteristic of Dutch architecture, extends over the en-trance to the administration area in an ex-pansive, welcoming gesture. Inside, the lin-ear, centrally positioned entrance hall rises gently with the slope. To the left and right of this hall are the offices. Located at the east-ern end of the building, on the second floor, are the ambassadors offices. From here, there is access to the walk-on roof land-scape, a long expanse of sculpted concrete poured in situ. The main approach road to the embassy building also connects direct to the ambassadors private apartment, which is lit by a central patio. By exploiting the different levels on the site in the design concept, the lower living areas remain sepa-rate from the public reception area. The charm of this project derives from the spatial complexity of the rough textured, horizontal-ly structured concrete surfaces, which are carefully interspersed with openings.

SectionFloor plans scale 1:1250

1 Main entrance 2 Central hall 3 Reception counter 4 Library 5 Void

seciffo srodassabmA 6 7 Administration 8 Patio

,smetsys lacinhceT 9 stores

10 Approach road11 Salon / reception

etavirp srodassabmA 21apartment

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,etercnoc decrofnier mm 002 1 red pigmented, cast in horizontal formwork

2 mm bitumen seal ,etercnoc mm 042 08 2

poured in layers sealing coat 1 mm separation layer

enerytsylop-dednapxe mm 08 insulation, vapour barrier

300 mm concrete3 800 mm lightwell4 200 mm reinforced concrete 80 mm mineral wool vapour barrier 10 mm plasterboard 3 mm gypsum plaster

,wodniw tuo-kooh 5 8 mm laminated safety glass sealed with silicon to aluminium profile

6 350 mm reinforced concrete,wodniw noitpecer 7

bullet-proof fixed glazing: ssalg ytefas detanimal mm 5.32

with special film inlay in muinimula mm 5/53/04

channel-section gnidils muinimula mm 23/033 8

compartment in 570/140 mm aluminium tray9 70 mm polished concrete 1 mm polythene separation layer 230 mm reinforced concrete

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Cultural centre in Valencia

Architect:Eduardo de Miguel Arbons, ValenciaAssistants:Arancha Muoz Criado, David Zaragaza Aznar, Pablo Fuertes Prez, Antonio Garca Blay, Rafael Bellver GarcaStructural engineers:Sondeos, Estructuras y Geotcnica, SEG, Valencia

which could no longer be renovated. The only part of this older structure to be re-tained is the Plaza del Rosario facade; part-ly reconstructed, this facade maintains the distinctive urban character of the square. Behind this classicist portal, the visitor is surprised to find a modern, spacious inter-ior. Beyond a small, high-ceilinged entrance hall and low corridor is the foyer of the 400-seater auditorium. Single-flight staircases lead up to the upper storeys where there is a caf and outdoor area, functions and con-ference rooms and a reading room. A sepa-rate tract accommodating ancillary functions is accessible directly from the street. Inside the foyer there is a tremendous impression

The El Cabanyal district, a former fishing port in the east of Valencia, is a mix of small-scale historical development and buildings from the 1960s and 70s. Easily distin-guished against this heterogeneous environ-ment is the El Musical cultural centre with its angular, exposed concrete structure and clear, stark language of forms. It was built on a U-shaped plot, almost entirely en-closed by the fire walls of the surrounding buildings. These circumstances presented technical challenges in construction, partic-ularly as regards the back wall of the audito-rium. Strongly fluctuating groundwater levels called for a fully waterproof ground slab. El Musical replaces an earlier arts centre

of space. Vertical exposed concrete walls shoot up 12 metres from the pale grey mar-ble floor. At the back of the concert hall, the rear wall, clad with wooden slats, also tow-ers up, curving round to merge with the ceil-ing which is structured in the same way. Daylight filters through this wooden grid on the ceiling at two strip-like skylights. The space between the auditorium wall and the outer wall is used as a corridor, while also serving ventilation and lighting purposes. Light shafts rise up beyond the roof surface, directing daylight down into the auditorium via light-coloured wooden panels. The stage is fully equipped for up to 70 people, and can be used for all kinds of events.

Site planscale 1:2000Floor plans Sectionsscale 1:800

5 Cloakrooms6 Cafeteria7 Salon8 Office

9 Conference hall10 Reading room

1 Entrance2 Foyer3 Auditorium4 Stage door

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1 roof construction: 25 mm gravel filter mat, loosely laid

,noitalusni lamreht 35 mm extruded polystyrene

separation layer, filter mat sealing, two layers 20 mm cement mortar

htiw teehs diozepart ,roolf foor 150 mm concrete topping

2 steel I-section, 500 mm deep 3 aluminium profile 4 acoustic mat, 25 40 mm mineral wool 5 cladding, 20 mm iroko- veneered plywood 6 double glazing: 2 6 mm + 8 mm cavity 7 wall cladding, 30 mm Macael marble

,llaw roiretxe 8 220 mm reinforced concrete

9 textile sunshade10 EPDM bearing11 light strip

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Photo: Duccio Malagamba, Barcelona

Sectionscale 1:20

1 roof construction: 25 mm gravel filter mat, loosely laid thermal insulation, 35 mm extruded polystyrene separation layer, filter mat sealing, two layers 20 mm cement mortar

,roolf foor trapezoid sheet with 150 mm concrete topping 2 steel I-section, 500 mm deep 3 aluminium profile 4 acoustic mat, 40 mm mineral wool

dereenev-okori mm 03/03 ,gniddalc 5 laminated wood 6 skylight made of welded 15 mm steel plate 7 40/40/4 mm steel angle 8 skylight, 3 10 mm laminated safety glass 9 150 mm reinforced concrete wall10 floor construction: 22 mm beech parquet 30/70 mm battens moisture seal 60 mm reinforced concrete 800/200/30 mm hollow clay blocks

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1 Entrance ramp 2 Showroom 3 Workshop 4 Warehouse 5 Delivery courtyard 6 Void 7 Training room 8 Office 9 Roof terrace

Company headquarters in Munich-Riem

Architects:Jrke Architects, MunichAssistants:Peter Glckner (Project Manager),Christiane Kern, Markus Flmig,Florian LippmannStructural engineers:Stegerer.Zuber.Brand, Munich

In the business district of Riem to the east of Munichs trade-fair centre, this monolithic concrete structure turns its back on neigh-bouring buildings, positioning its entrance instead on the south side. This main front is a two-storey, transparent shop window, whereas the north elevation, through which the actual working operations of the compa-ny are reached, presents a more closed as-pect. The only interruption to the continu-ous expanse of exposed concrete (see also pp. 190 ff.) is a black sliding gate. The buildings concrete walls, up to 70 cm thick in places, provide an impressive backdrop for the display of contemporary and classi-cal furniture inside. The building, which

shines like polished marble in the rain, is di-vided into three separate zones, each at a different temperature: offices and exhibition area in the south, the warehouse in the mid-dle and a delivery courtyard in the north. The different expansion coefficients of the in-situ concrete walls are taken into account by incorporating reinforcement and re-straints, without the need for expansion joints. A large trussed girder forms the structural backbone along the main axis, spanning between the stores and the offic-es, and forming the framework for a delicate glass pavilion above the stairwell. This serves as an attractive exhibition space and leads to a wooden viewing platform on the

roof terrace. The materials used contribute to the atmosphere of simplicity and reserve. The steel components in the two-storey col-umn-free warehouse were merely oil-rubbed and flame-treated. The post-and-rail facade on the south side is of pale birchwood in the interior and of coated aluminium profiles on the weather side. Free-spanning textile sun-shades give protection here against strong sun. The matt grey of the exposed concrete walls, the black asphalt floor and the linear arrangement of the lighting create a cool, elegant atmosphere in the exhibition areas. Only the functional core in the open-plan of-fice sets a contrasting accent with the bright red of the company logo.

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Horizontal section Vertical sectionscale 1:20

1 300 mm reinforced concrete thermal insulation, 100 mm rigid polystyrene foam 300 mm reinforced concrete2 110/110 mm recess for sunscreen3 sliding window, oak, oiled on the inside,

stained black on the outside, profile dimensions: 76-98 mm x 60 mm4 double glazing: 2x 6 mm float glass + 14 mm cavity5 20/100 mm perimeter recess

lennahc rohcna leets mm 22/04 6 for the perimeter fixing to the outer sliding layer7 drip8 window sill, 2% slope

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1 30 mm gravel separation layer 2 mm plastic sheeting 70 mm veneered laminated wood board 2 clamping strip, 80/4 mm stainless-steel bar

decrofnier mm 007/061 ,gnihsalf norpa 3 concrete with drip

eht ni yllatnoziroh dedivid ,neercsnus 4 middle, in 250/240 mm recess

5 fluorescent tubes 6 160 mm reinforced concrete, trapezoidal shape 7 500/900 mm reinforced concrete 8 thermal insulation, 50 mm rigid foam board 9 wooden planks on galvanized steel frame 20/140 mm larchwood sealing layer, 2 mm plastic membrane thermal insulation, 140 mm rigid foam board 300 mm reinforced concrete10 post-and-rail facade 60/160 mm birch-veneered plywood 50 mm aluminium fixing profile, coated11 double glazing:

ytivac mm 61 + ssalg denehguot mm 6 + 6 mm laminated safety glass

12 sunscreen in 195/210 mm recess13 340 mm reinforced concrete14 140/180/10 mm steel angle15 100/250 mm underfloor convector16 140 mm cavity flooring17 300 mm reinforced-concrete floor

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