developing a living, breathing t-shirt (cap 2011 invited ... · a. dupuis, n. guo, b. gauvreau, a....
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DEVELOPING A LIVING, BREATHING T-SHIRT
(CAP 2011 invited presentation)
Maksim Skorobogatiy,
Professor and Canada Research Chair,
École Polytechnique de Montréal, University of Montreal, Canada
www.photonics.phys.polymtl.ca
Joanna Berzowska,
Professor, Hexagram research center, Concordia University and XS Labs
http://www.xslabs.net/karma-chameleon/
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Smart textiles under development in
our group
• Photonic textiles
• Actuator/sensor textiles
• Energy storage textiles
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Smart textiles under development in
our group
• Photonic textiles
• Actuator/sensor textiles
• Energy storage textiles
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Photonic textiles
http://xslabs.net/karma-chameleon/site/home.php
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Total Internal Reflection
(conventional) optical fibers re-cap
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_Fiber
Very efficient guiding in
the fiber core, almost no
light escapes sideways
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Examples of fiber optic textiles
Luminex
Luminex has created fabrics that incorporate
woven optical fibers for decorative effect.
The optic fibers are woven into a synthetic fiber,
the ends of which are bundled together to a point
from which LED light is transmitted through
filaments.
These emit light along the length as well as the
filaments ends.
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‘ColorFull’ plastic fibers for advanced
textiles and
short-range communications
A. Dupuis, N. Guo, B. Gauvreau, A. Hassani, E. Pone, F. Boismenu, and M. Skorobogatiy, "Guiding in the visible with "colorful" solid-core
Bragg fibers," Opt. Lett. 32, 2882-2884 (2007).
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Fiber color in reflection
(no guided light)
Fiber guiding regime
Outside reflection regime
Dielectric multilayer “mirrors” have different colors when looked at different angles
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PBG fiber bundles
application in colorful illumination
WHITE LIGHT INPUT
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Why photonic crystal fibers are
colored?
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Photonic Crystal Fiber textiles – merging
multilayer interference films with fiber optic
textiles, and much more …
• No need for mechanical deformations for light extraction from the fibers
• Use of a single white light source for color applications
• Color on demand fibers without colorants
• On demand fiber luminosity by geometry design
• Color changing passive fibers
Nature Photonics - Colour-tunable textiles, News and Views, Nov. 2008
+
Multilayer interference film Fiber optic textile
B. Gauvreau, N. Guo, K. Schicker, K. Stoeffler, F. Boismenu, A. Ajji, R. Wingfield, C. Dubois, M. Skorobogatiy, "Color-
changing and color-tunable photonic bandgapfiber textiles," Opt. Express, Vol. 16, pp. 15677-15693 (2008).
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Prototype III. Reflection of directed light
(no guided light)
Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
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Prototype III. Reflection of directed light
(no guided light)
Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
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Prototype III. Emission of guided light.
Switching patterns
Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
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Prototype III. Emission of guided light
Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
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Applications of photonic textiles
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Woven lighting panel Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
A woven modular architectural
animated lighting wall panel, with
photonic band-gap fibers.
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Paper-based illuminators
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Apparel with changing appearance:
application in the road security ware
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Apparel with changing appearance:
application in the road security ware
4.0m 3.5m 3.0m 2.5m 2.0m 1.5m 1.0m 0.5m
I. Sayed, J. Berzowska, and M. Skorobogatiy "Jacquard-woven photonic bandgap fiber displays,"
Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 14, p. 97 (2010)
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Pleats - an interactive garment Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
An interactive garment with integrated
silk & photonic band-gap fiber woven
strips concealed within pleats.
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Pleats - an interactive garment Karma Chameleon project with the Hexagram center J. Berzowska, Concordia University
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Smart textiles under development in
our group
• Photonic textiles
• Actuator/sensor textiles
• Energy storage textiles
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Sensing textiles
Textile prototype
Demonstration set-up:
- Analog-to-Digital-Converter board
with embedded function generator
at 1 kHz
- PC
S. Gorgutsa, J.F. Gu and M. Skorobogatiy “A woven 2D touchpad sensor and a 1D slide sensor
using soft capacitor fibers,” Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 21, 015010 (2012)
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Types of touch-sensors
Resistive sensing Capacitive sensing
User’s body capacitance changes
total capacitance of the sensor
Pressure of the touch
creates a contact
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High capacitance fiber concept
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Co-rolling Consolidification Heat drawing
Fiber fabrication
• Soft and lightweight
• Diameter: 0.65-1mm
• Capacitance: 60-100nF/m
• Resistivity: ~5kW·m
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Capacitor fiber connectorization
(a) (c) (d)
Preforms
(b) (e)
Fibers
J.F. Gu, S. Gorgutsa, and M. Skorobogatiy "Soft capacitor fibers using conductive polymers for
electronic textiles," Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 19, 115006 (2010)
J.F. Gu, S. Gorgutsa, and M. Skorobogatiy "Soft capacitor fibers for electronic textiles," Appl.
Phys. Lett., vol. 97, 133305 (2010)
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Integration of soft capacitor fibers into
textiles
weaving
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Capacitor fiber as a touch-sensor
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User’s touch effects voltage
distribution
Comparison of the performance of two fibers with different capacitance per unit length.
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- Fiber length
- Capacitance per unit length
- Volume resistivity
1
R C
High capacitance (100 nF/m) and volume resistivity result in
relatively low operating frequency ~ 1kHz
Parameters that affect touch sensing
performance
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Woven 2D sensing textile with integrated 1D array of the
capacitor fibers and its schematic representation.
Integration of the capacitor fibers into
the textile
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Textile-based
touch pad in action
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Smart textiles under development in
our group
• Photonic textiles
• Actuator/sensor textiles
• Energy storage textiles
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Energy storage textiles
Y. Liu, S. Gorgutsa, C. Santato, and M. Skorobogatiy “Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium
Battery Composed of LiFePO4 Cathode and Li4Ti5O12 Anode for Applications in Smart
Textiles,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 159 (4), pp. A349-A356 (2012)
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Polymer batteries: structure and
materials
Flexible, fully polymer - no liquid electrolyte is needed!
Electrolyte: PEO + Lithium Iodide
Anode: PEO (polyethylen oxide)
polymer electrolytes
+ Lithium Titanate + Carbon black
Cathode: PEO+
+ Lithium Iron Phoshate
+ Carbon black
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Fabrication process
2. Evaporation
3. Consolidification of the
separate layers into the
battery.
1. Preparation of the liquid polymer solutions
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Incorporation into textile
Copper wires
Aluminum wires
Each stripe is a 0.6V battery itself!
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Battery textile sample
3V LED
8 polymer battery strips incorporated into a woven textile
give enough power to light a led
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Thank you
Maksim Skorobogatiy,
Professor and Canada Research Chair,
École Polytechnique de Montréal, University of Montreal, Canada
www.photonics.phys.polymtl.ca
Karma Chameleon project with Professor Joanna Berzowska,
Hexagram research center, Concordia University and XS Labs
www.hexagram.org
www.xslabs.net/
http://www.xslabs.net/karma-chameleon/
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Acknowledgements
• Prof. C. Dubois
• Prof. T. Ishigure (Keio U)
• Prof. J. Berzowska (Concordia U.)
• Researcher A. Kabashin
• Res. Assoc. N. Guo
• Res. Assoc. E. Pone
• Post. Doc. J. Feng Gu
• Post. Doc. F. Desevedavy
• Post. Doc. L. Shi
• PhD A. Dupuis
• PhD A. Hassani
• PhD A. Magorova
• PhD S. Gorgutsa
• PhD Q. Hang
• PhD B. Ung
• MSc B. Gauvreau
• Canada Research Chair Foundation
• The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
• Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies
• Canadian Institute for Photonics Innovations