0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1次

エネ

ルギー消

費量

【MJ/㎡・年

】

研究対象エリア内コンセント

研究対象エリア内照明

研究対象エリア内空調エネルギー

Electrical outlets

Lighting

LightingLighting

HVAC

HVAC HVAC

Prim

ary

ener

gy c

onsu

mpt

ion

[MJ/㎡

･Yea

r]

designed

FY2004 measurements

Ideal values afterHVAC system improvements (calculated values)

•Primary HVAC energy consumption: Estimated as virtual electric heat source (COP1) from cold- and hot-water heat inresearch area.

About 30%

Electrical outlets

Electrical outlets

Anticipated HVACvalues at design

stage too large

Much power drawn from outlets

Electrical outlets in research area Lighting in research area

HVAC energy in research area Potential energy savings when running HVAC

2-b: Characteristics of the existing indoor HVAC system

First International Conference Carbon on Management at Urban and Regional Levels:

Connecting Development Decisions to Global Issues, Mexico City, September 4-8, 2006

Developing and testing air conditioning and lighting technologies to reduce CO2 emissions in the commercial sector

Acknowledgment : This study was accomplished under the global warming countermeasure technological development project funded by Ministry of the Environment (Japan). And ,we got many help from Shaney Crawford, Yutaka TONOOKA and Hideaki NAKANE.

Yukiko YOSHIDA*1,Takashi INOUE,*2 Yasumi FUJINUMA*1, Kazuyuki KAMIMURA*3, Yasuo UTSUMI*4, Gen INOUE*5

*1 National Institute for Environmental Studies, *2 Tokyo University of Science, *3 Yamatake Corp., *4 Miyagi National College of Technology, *5 Nagoya University

1. Purpose: Developing and Verifying the Effectiveness of Global Warming Countermeasure Technologies for BuildingsVarious technologies have been proposed to reduce carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions and otherwise save energy when buildings are in use. Architectural methods that take into account global environmental conservation are primarily ways of mitigating the heat load of buildings.At National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), The Climate Change Research Hall (CCRH:ferroconcrete, 3 floors, 4900 m² total floor space) also incorporated many ideas for global environmental conservation in line with the “Green Government Buildings” program of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport’ s Government Buildings Department in JAPAN. We have assessed the various techniques used throughout this building by quantifying the mitigation of the environmental burden achieved by using these technologies and comparing costs and benefits. At this building, we collect a large amount of data on energy consumption, Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning (HVAC) operation, the indoor environment, etc., and use it to develop systems that automatically control HVAC and lighting, there by achieving both environmental comfort and energy conservation. This data is also used to verify the effectiveness of the systems (Fig.1).

Monitoring PC(Simulator)

Fig.2 Electrical consumption from lighting, electrical outlets and number of room occupants

Fig.4 Primary energy consumption of CCRH

Fig.3 Annual Energy Consumption of HVAC System

3. Conclusion :Energy-saving control improvements for indoor HVAC systemsImproving coordinated control and operation of FCUs and AHUs Coordinated control and operation of FCUs and AHUs shuts down FCUs when the heat load through windows is small, and in rooms where occupants and other inside heat sources are smaller than anticipated by design, it imposes limits on excessive space cooling and uses AHU blower operation, which is more effective against room temperature increases than AHU cooling operation in the winter. This decreases energy loss and also provides comfort. According to calculations using measurement data from FY2004, reducing mixing loss promises HVAC energy reductionof about 30% (Fig.4).

2-a: A major source of CO emissions in buildings Consumption of electricity for lighting, which is related to interior heat generation load, changes little from season to season. The studied building is fitted with 32 W high-frequency fluorescent lighting whose automatic lighting control performs initial intensity correction, thereby realizing about 30% annual energy savings over lighting without automatic control.Electricity consumption per unit total floor spacein the representative room exhibited about the same trend as the number of room occupants, and electricity consumption from lighting and electrical outlets.

(1) On weekdays in summer, cooling is achieved mainly with interior HVAC units (air-handling units: AHUs). When the outside temperature is 25°C or higher, window perimeter HVAC units (fan coil units: FCUs) are also used.(2) In the winter when the outside temperature is 10°C or below, FCU heating and AHU cooling are used. There are concerns about mixing loss due to simultaneous use of chilled and hot water, but it is hoped that energy will be saved through improvements to the system.

0

4

8

12

16

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00

Elec

trici

ty c

onsu

mpt

ion

per u

nit f

loor

spac

e (W

h/㎡

)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

Num

ber o

f roo

m o

ccup

ants

(peo

ple/㎡

)

Tested electrical outlets

Controled room electrical outlets

Tested electrical lighting

Controled room lighting

Tested occupants

(Dec.2005- Feb.2006)

Office LAN

NAS;HDD

Calculation machine(TRNSYS,GAMS)

Web Server PC

Flow 3Climate Change Research Hall

Fig.1 Flow of the Project Plan

Contact person : yoshida.yukiko@nies.go.jp

2. The fact of energy consumption and HVAC control in the tested buildingIn office buildings, mainly AHU uses chilled water in summer.

Hot water is used by FCU in winter.

800

400

0

400

800

1200

1600

4月1日 5月2日 6月2日 7月3日 8月3日 9月3日 10月4日 11月4日 12月5日 1月5日 2月5日 3月8日

熱量

[MJ]

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

外気

温[℃

]

重点計測エリアFCU温水

重点計測エリアAHU温水

重点計測エリアFCU冷水

重点計測エリアAHU冷水

外気温

3%

31%

2% 64%

4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 1月 2月 3月

外気温

ファンコイルユニット（FCU）冷水

エアーハンドリングユニット（AHU）冷水

エアーハンドリングユニット（AHU）温水

ファンコイルユニット（FCU）温水

Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.O

utsi

de te

mpe

ratu

re(℃

)

Cal

orie

(MJ)

Fan coil unit (FCU)-chilled waterAir handling unit

(AHU)-chilled water

Air handling unit(AHU)-hot water Fan coil unit (FCU)

-hot water

Outside temperature

FCU-hot waterAHU-hot waterFCU-chilled waterAHU-chilled waterOutside temperature

(FY2004)

2

2

Environmental evaluation Environmental evaluation

Lighting powerPower from electrical outlets

AHU blower powerFCU blower power

Flow 2

Air handling unit (AHU)chilled/hot water

calorie

Fan coil unit (FCU)chilled/hot water

calorie

Temperature Humidity

IlluminanceBrightness

Outside air temperatureand humidityQuantity of

solar radiation

EnergyConsumption

HVAC control Indoor Environment

External weathercondition

Data acquisition environment

Analysis and verification of acquisition data

Flow 1

Number of room occupants

collecting

General OfficeSystem approachFeedback

Monitoring PC

BACｰnet4Server PC

JAPAN