Development and Evaluation of an Air Toxics Emission Inventory in Jacksonville, Florida

Lori Tilley, Environmental Engineer, Air & Water Quality Division Regulatory and Environmental Services Department

City of Jacksonville, Florida 117 West Duval Street, Suite 225

Jacksonville, Florida 32202 Tilley@coj.net

ABSTRACT The City of Jacksonville, Air & Water Quality Division�s air toxic program consists of tracking Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data, conducting risk assessments, air toxics monitoring and calculation of a Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) emission inventory. Air toxics monitoring began in July of 1997 utilizing a mobile monitoring laboratory, and two stationary sites were added in January of 1999. The first HAP inventory was completed in 1998 using 1997 data. A second inventory was conducted using 2000 data. The inventories were developed for several uses, such as: air dispersion modeling, local strategy development, regulation development, air toxics risk assessment, and tracking trends in emissions over time. The HAP inventory was also used as an indicator in determining the sources of HAP emissions being recorded by the ambient air toxic monitors in Jacksonville. Compiling a HAP inventory requires a substantial amount of effort but the results can be very helpful in determining which pollutants may be of concern in a particular geographical area, which pollution sources are contributing to emissions of a particular pollutant and establishing trends. This paper outlines the methods used for the HAP inventory development, compares the 2000 inventory with the 1996 National Toxics Inventory (NTI) conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and evaluates the data in relation to local ambient air toxics monitoring data. INTRODUCTION In the late 1980�s the air section of the City of Jacksonville�s Air & Water Quality Division (AWQD) began developing an air toxics program. The program consisted mostly of tracking Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data and conducting risk assessments which included comparing air pollution dispersion modeling results with health benchmarks1. In 1997 Jacksonville began ambient air monitoring for air toxics using EPA Method TO-15 for measurement of thirty-eight volatile organic compounds2. Twenty-six of these compounds are identified on EPA�s list of 188 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in Section (b)(1) of Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Ambient monitoring was conducted utilizing a mobile monitoring laboratory. Two stationary air toxics monitoring sites were added in 1999. After several years of monitoring, it became apparent that certain of these pollutants were continually present in the ambient air.

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In 1998, Jacksonville conducted it�s first emission inventory for HAPs, using 1997 data. Prior to 1998, a criteria pollutant emission inventory was conducted every three years as well as an ozone inventory, a requirement of the State Implementation Plan (SIP). For the HAP inventory, point, area and mobile source emissions were calculated for the 188 pollutants on EPA�s HAP list. This inventory was developed for several uses, one of which was to determine the origin of air toxic pollutants being found in the ambient air from air monitoring. A second HAP inventory was conducted using 2000 data. This paper describes the efforts undertaken to develop the inventory, compares the inventory with the 1996 NTI conducted by EPA, and evaluates the data in relation to local ambient air toxics monitoring data.

INVENTORY METHODS With the onset of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and the development of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards, more data became available for the calculation of HAP emissions. Prior to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, HAP emission factors could be found for only a few source categories, making it difficult to calculate a HAP inventory. EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) began to contain more emission factors for HAPs in the early 1990�s, and other sources became available3. In both the 1997 and 2000 Jacksonville HAP inventories, emissions for fourteen source categories were calculated using AP-42 emission factors. These categories included: coal combustion, fuel oil combustion, natural gas combustion, wood waste combustion, waste oil combustion, sewage sludge incineration, medical waste incineration, landfills, stationary gas turbines for electricity generation, human crematories and hot mix asphalt plants. EPA developed several other documents as a result of requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, which contain emission factors or other data that can be used for emission estimation. These documents are Gasoline Distribution Industry (Stage I) � Background Information for Proposed Standards, 1990 Emissions Inventory of Forty Section 112(k) Pollutants and the 1990 Emissions Inventory of Section 112©(6) Pollutants4,5,6. Other sources of reference include EPA�s Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System, SPECIATE, Locating & Estimating (L&E) Documents and the Emission Inventory Improvement Program Technical Reports7,8,9,10. These references and the source categories associated with them are included in Table 1. The inventory includes emission estimates for point, area and mobile sources. The point source section of the inventory addresses those facilities or industrial plants for which individual source records are maintained. Actual process or throughput information was used to calculate the point source portion of the inventory. In Jacksonville, these sources are required to submit Annual Operating Reports (AORs) for each calendar year of operation, which include process rate information, plus emission calculations for criteria pollutants and some HAPs. In 1998, many of the major point sources were submitting Title V permit applications as required by Title V of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. These permit applications included HAP emission calculations, which were also used to define HAP emissions for some of the major sources in the point source section of the inventory. Many of the air pollution permits require the facilities to submit records of evaporative emissions. These reports often include Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Throughput information from AORs and MSDS were used to calculate HAP emissions for pesticide manufacture, degreasing, surface coating, printing/publishing and organic chemical storage sources. The HAP area and mobile source inventory was developed by first establishing a list of source categories to be included in the inventory. This was accomplished by reviewing the criteria pollutant and SIP inventory source category list. Those source categories, which were believed to emit HAPs, were included in the HAP inventory. Once the source list was established, references for HAP emission factors were identified. Many of the same references used to calculate the point source section of the inventory were also used to calculate area source HAP emissions. In some cases local data were used, such as for the area source pesticide application category. MSDS and application rates for pesticides use were obtained from the county�s Mosquito Control Division and used for emission estimation. TRI information, submitted by industries and not included in the point source section of the inventory, was used to calculate emissions for the miscellaneous organic area source category. The documentation for EPA�s 1996 NTI was also used as a reference for the area source inventory11. The NTI included emission factors for the following area source categories: hospitals, vehicle fires, wild fires, prescribed burning, structure fires, residential wood combustion, residential distillate oil combustion and architectural surface coating. Emission factors from the EPA document: Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors � A Compilation For Selected Air Toxic Compounds And Sources were used to calculate 2

emissions for forest fires and agricultural burning12. Additional area source categories and the references used for emission calculation are listed in Table 1. Emissions from the mobile source categories, which include on-road, non-road, aircraft, trains and ships, were calculated using emission estimation methods obtained from the 1996 NTI. Table 1. Sources of reference for the 1997 & 2000 HAP Inventory.

Source Category Reference ClassificationCoal Combustion EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceFuel Oil Combustion EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point/Area SourceNatural Gas Combustion EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point/Area SourceWood Waste Combustion EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceWaste Oil Combustion EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceSewage Sludge Incineration EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceMedical Waste Incineration EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceLandfills EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceStationary Gas Turbines for Electricity GeEPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceHot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceAsphalt Concrete Production EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceInternal Combustion Engines EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceSteel Manufacturing FIRE Point SourceSecondary Metal Production FIRE Point SourceAsphalt Roofing Manufacture FIRE Point SourceGlass Manufacture FIRE Point SourceRubber & Miscellaneous Products EPA 112 (k) Document Point SourceGasoline Marketing & Distribution EPA Gasoline Distribution MACT BID Area SourceAircraft Refueling Industry Data Area SourceLPG Combustion Industry Data Area SourceHospitals EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceSurface Coating Architectural EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceVehicle Fires EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceWild Fires EPA 1996 NTI Area SourcePrescibed Burning EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceStructure Fires EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceResidential Wood Combustion EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceResidential Distillate Oil Combustion EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceDry Cleaning EPA EIIP Document Area SourceConsumer/Commercial Solvent Use EPA EIIP Document Area SourceTraffic Markings EPA EIIP Document Area SourceSurface Coating Wood Coating SPECIATE Area SourceSurface Cleaning/Degreasing SPECIATE Area SourceGraphic Arts SPECIATE Area SourceAsphalt Paving SPECIATE Area SourcePOTW FIRE Area SourceAnimal Crematory FIRE Area SourceLeaking Underground Storage Tanks State Air Stipper Policy Area SourceHuman Crematory EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Area SourceOpen Burning EPA�s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Area SourceForest Fires EPA Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors � A Complilation For S Area SourceAgricultural Burning EPA Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors � A Complilation For S Area SourceOn-Road EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceNon-Road EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceAircraft EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceTrains EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceShips EPA 1996 NTI Mobile Source

3

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

HAPs (tons/year)

1997

2000

Figure 1. 1997 vs 2000 HAP Inventory for Jacksonville

Point Source 3,556 3,098Area Source 5,384 4,003Mobile Source 1,766 6,875

1997 2000

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The HAP inventory data were developed for several uses, such as: air dispersion modeling, local strategy development, regulation development, air toxics risk assessment, and tracking trends in emissions over time. Although HAP inventories were calculated for both 1997 and 2000 in Jacksonville, it is difficult to compare the results of the two inventories because in 1997, the data available to calculate the inventory was far less comprehensive than what is available today. The 1997 and 2000 inventory data for point, area and mobile source emissions are shown in Figure 1. The point and area source emissions were both slightly lower in 2000 then in 1997. This reduction in emissions may be due to the implementation of EPA�s technology-based MACT standards for industrial sources that were developed as part of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Once fully implemented, these standards will cut emissions of toxic air pollutants nationwide by nearly 1.5 million tons per year from 1990 levels13. Mobile source emissions increased significantly from 1997 to 2000 according to the inventory, however this difference can be attributed to a lack of emission factor data for mobile sources in 1997. Mobile source emissions were calculated for only nineteen pollutants in 1997 versus almost eighty pollutants in 2000. Figure 2 is a pie chart showing the point source HAP emissions for the year 2000 by major source categories. According to the inventory, 93% of the point source HAP emissions can be attributed to electric power generation sources. Other point source categories include incineration, surface coating, petroleum product storage and mineral product processing. As shown in Figure 3, degreasing, commercial/consumer solvent use and surface coating account for almost 75% of area source emissions, with each of these categories representing approximately 25% of the total emissions for area sources. The other 25% of area source HAP emissions are from sources such as graphic arts, dry cleaning, gasoline marketing, prescribed burning, structure fires, residential LPG combustion and miscellaneous organics. According to Figure 4, on-road mobile sources account for almost 70% of emissions for the mobile source section of the inventory. Non-road sources account for almost 29% of emissions for mobile sources. The small remaining amount of mobile source emissions can be attributed to aircraft, trains and ships.

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Figure 2. 2000 Point Source HAP Emissions for Jacksonville.

Electric Generation93%

Incineration2%

Petroleum Product Storage

1%

Other1%

Mineral Products Processing

1%Surface Coating Operations

2%

Figure 3. 2000 Area Source HAP Emissions for Jacksonville.

Degreasing25%

Surface Coating23%

Commercial/Consum-er Solvent Use

24%

Graphic Arts10%

Dry Cleaning8%

Gasoline Marketing3%

Structure Fires1%

Residential LPG Combustion

1%

Miscellaneous Organics

1%

Other2%

Prescribed Burning2%

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Figure 4. 2000 Mobile Source HAP Emissions for Jacksonville.

On Road67%

Non Road29%

Aircraft3%

Trains0%

Ships1%

Figure 5 shows the top ten HAPs emitted according to the 2000 inventory in total and by inventory section. Inventory data were compiled for these ten HAPs based on Source Classification Code (SCC) to determine which source categories were emitting these HAPS. Toluene is the pollutant with the greatest mass emissions, mostly from on-road mobile sources. Toluene is also emitted by non-road mobile sources, and by surface coating, degreasing and graphic arts area sources. Hydrochloric acid emissions account for the second highest mass emissions in the inventory, with emissions mainly from point source coal combustion. Other sources of hydrochloric acid are point source sewage sludge incineration and medical waste incineration. Six of the remaining pollutants, xylene, benzene, hexane, formaldehyde, ethyl benzene and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, are mostly emitted by mobile sources. Area source degreasing accounts for the majority of the emissions for the last two pollutants, methyl chloroform and perchloroethylene. Other source categories emitting these two pollutants include area source Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), landfills and surface coating operations. The HAP inventory was also compared with the HAP emissions being recorded by the ambient air toxic monitors in Jacksonville to determine if the HAPs consistently found in the air monitoring samples were the same HAPs found in the greatest mass in the inventory. Of thirty-eight pollutants monitored, sixteen are present in the majority of the monitoring samples. Ten of these sixteen pollutants are HAPs, being benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, methyl chloroform and perchloroethylene. These ten pollutants were ranked from one to ten with ten being the HAP with the highest concentration of the ten monitored HAPs and one being the lowest concentration of the ten monitored HAPs. These same ten HAPs were also ranked according to their mass emissions in the inventory. The pollutant with the greatest mass in the inventory was given a rank of ten and the pollutant with the least mass in the inventory was ranked as one. These HAPs and their corresponding rank were compared in a bar graph, Figure 6. Six of the ten HAPs were prevalent in both the ambient air monitoring samples and the inventory. These HAPs are toluene, benzene, xylene, ethyl benzene, styrene and methylene chloride. Methyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride were both more prevalent in air monitoring samples than in the inventory. Methyl chloroform and perchloroethylene were both more prevalent in the inventory than in air monitoring samples.

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Total Point

AreaMobile

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

perchloroethylene

ethyl benzene

methyl chloroform

formaldehyde hexane

benzene xylenes

hydrochloric acid toluene

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Tons

HAPs

Figure 5. Emission inventory top ten HAPs in Jacksonville.

2,2,4-trimethylpentane 376 6 15 355

perchloroethylene 434 1 433 0

ethyl benzene 435 3 35 397

methyl chloroform 487 0 487 0

formaldehyde 548 6 47 495

hexane 558 34 221 303

benzene 764 8 58 698

xylenes 1,768 32 194 1,542

hydrochloric acid 2,571 2,551 20 0

toluene 3,276 17 942 2,317

Total Point Area Mobile

7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Ranking Order

tolu

ene

benz

ene

xyle

ne

met

hyl c

hlor

ide

ethy

l ben

zene

styr

ene

carb

on te

trach

lorid

e

met

hyle

ne c

hlor

ide

met

hyl c

hlor

ofor

m

perc

hlor

oeth

ylen

e

HAPs

Figure 6. Top ten air monitoring HAPs vs inventory HAPS.

Monitoring Inventory

CONCLUSIONS The 2000 HAP emission inventory conducted in Jacksonville compares favorably with the 1996 NTI developed by EPA. Figures 7a and b show the distribution of emissions among the point, area and mobile source sectors in Jacksonville and in the 1996 NTI. Both inventories indicate that the majority of HAP emissions are from mobile sources, 49% for the Jacksonville inventory and 51% for the national inventory. The area sources are the next highest sector of emissions, at 29% and 25%, respectively. The point and area source emissions for both inventories each account for approximately a quarter of the total emissions while the mobile source emissions are about half of the total emissions. Compiling a HAP inventory requires a substantial amount of effort but the results can be very helpful in determining which pollutants may be of concern in a particular geographical area, which pollution sources are contributing to emissions of a particular pollutant and in establishing trends. The HAP inventory data has aided Jacksonville in determining which source categories are contributing to ambient levels of particular pollutants. On-road mobile sources are a significant contributor to at least five pollutants found from ambient monitoring. Degreasing is a significant contributor for at least three of the monitored pollutants. Other significant contributors include surface coating, prescribed burning, coal combustion from electric generation, commercial/consumer solvent use and POTWs. This data can be used for local rule development and air pollution dispersion modeling. Pollutants also have been identified for potential ambient air monitoring in the future. Periodic HAP inventories will aid in establishing trends over time, which can be used to gauge the success of regulatory efforts.

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Figure 7a. 1996 National Toxic Inventory (NTI)

Area Source25%

Mobile Source

51%

Point Source24%

F REFERENCES

igure 7b. 2000 Jacksonville Inventory

Point Source22%

Area Source29%

Mobile Source

49%

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REFERENCES 1. Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6 February 2003 <http://www.epa.gov/tri/>. 2. McClenny, W.A.; Holdren, M.W. Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic

Compounds in Ambient Air, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1999; EPA/625/R-96/010b.

3. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 20 December 2002 <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html>.

4. Jordan B.C. Gasoline Distribution Industry (Stage I) � Background Information for Proposed Standards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1994; EPA-453/R-94-002a.

5. Section 112(k) � Urban Air Toxics Program Development of Air Emissions Inventory. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 September 1997 <http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/urban/112karchi/112kfac.html>.

6. Notice of Source Category Listings for the Specific Pollutants (Section 112©(6)). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 1998 <http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/112c6/112c6fac.html>.

7. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 9 May 2002 <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/fire/index.html>.

8. SPECIATE. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 4 November 2002 <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/speciate/index.html>.

9. Locating & Estimating (L&E) Documents. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 26 July 2002 <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/index.html>.

10. Emission Inventory Improvement Plan . U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 11 February 2003 <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/>.

11. Documentation for the 1996 Base Year National Toxics Inventory for Area Sources. 4 December 2001 <http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/nti/area96.pdf.

12. Pope A.; Brooks. G.R.; Carfagna, P.F.; Lynch, S.K. Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors � A Compilation For Selected Air Toxic Compounds And Sources, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1990; EPA-450/2-90-011.

13. Air Trends. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 4 September 2002 <http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/toxic.html>.

10

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Key Words City of Jacksonville Toxic Release Inventory Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) Emission Inventory 1996 National Toxics Inventory (NTI) Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) Air Toxics Monitoring Toluene Hydrochloric Acid Xylene Benzene Hexane Formaldehyde Methyl Chloroform Ethyl Benzene Perchloroethylene 2,2,4-trimethylpentane Methyl Chloride Ethyl Benzene Styrene Carbon Tetrachloride Methylene Chloride

Table 1. Sources of reference for the 1997 & 2000 HAP Inventory.

Source Category Reference ClassificationCoal Combustion EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceFuel Oil Combustion EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point/Area SourceNatural Gas Combustion EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point/Area SourceWood Waste Combustion EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceWaste Oil Combustion EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceSewage Sludge Incineration EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceMedical Waste Incineration EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceLandfills EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceStationary Gas Turbines for Electricity GenerationEPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceHot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceAsphalt Concrete Production EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceInternal Combustion Engines EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Point SourceSteel Manufacturing FIRE Point SourceSecondary Metal Production FIRE Point SourceAsphalt Roofing Manufacture FIRE Point SourceGlass Manufacture FIRE Point SourceRubber & Miscellaneous Products EPA 112 (k) Document Point SourceGasoline Marketing & Distribution EPA Gasoline Distribution MACT BID Area SourceAircraft Refueling Industry Data Area SourceLPG Combustion Industry Data Area SourceHospitals EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceSurface Coating Architectural EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceVehicle Fires EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceWild Fires EPA 1996 NTI Area SourcePrescibed Burning EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceStructure Fires EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceResidential Wood Combustion EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceResidential Distillate Oil Combustion EPA 1996 NTI Area SourceDry Cleaning EPA EIIP Document Area SourceConsumer/Commercial Solvent Use EPA EIIP Document Area SourceTraffic Markings EPA EIIP Document Area SourceSurface Coating Wood Coating SPECIATE Area SourceSurface Cleaning/Degreasing SPECIATE Area SourceGraphic Arts SPECIATE Area SourceAsphalt Paving SPECIATE Area SourcePOTW FIRE Area SourceAnimal Crematory FIRE Area SourceLeaking Underground Storage Tanks State Air Stipper Policy Area SourceHuman Crematory EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Area SourceOpen Burning EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) Area SourceForest Fires EPA Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors – A Complilation For Selected Air Toxic Compounds And Sources Area SourceAgricultural Burning EPA Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors – A Complilation For Selected Air Toxic Compounds And Sources Area SourceOn-Road EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceNon-Road EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceAircraft EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceTrains EPA 1996 NTI Mobile SourceShips EPA 1996 NTI Mobile Source

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

HAPs (tons/year)

1997

2000

Figure 1. 1997 vs 2000 HAP Inventory for Jacksonville

Point Source 3,556 3,098

Area Source 5,384 4,003

Mobile Source 1,766 6,875

1997 2000

Figure 2. 2000 Point Source HAP Emissions for Jacksonville.

Electric Generation93%

Incineration2%

Petroleum Product Storage

1%

Other1%

Mineral Products Processing

1%Surface Coating Operations

2%

Figure 3. 2000 Area Source HAP Emissions for Jacksonville.

Degreasing25%

Surface Coating23%

Commercial/Consum-er Solvent Use

24%

Graphic Arts10%

Dry Cleaning8%

Gasoline Marketing3%

Structure Fires1%

Residential LPG Combustion

1%

Miscellaneous Organics

1%

Other2%

Prescribed Burning2%

Figure 4. 2000 Mobile Source HAP Emissions for Jacksonville.

On Road67%

Non Road29%

Aircraft3%

Trains0%

Ships1%

Total Point

AreaMobile

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

perchloroethylene

ethyl benzene

methyl chloroform

formaldehyde

hexane

benzene

xylenes

hydrochloric acid toluene

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Tons

HAPs

Figure 5. Emission inventory top ten HAPs in Jacksonville.

2,2,4-trimethylpentane 376 6 15 355

perchloroethylene 434 1 433 0

ethyl benzene 435 3 35 397

methyl chloroform 487 0 487 0

formaldehyde 548 6 47 495

hexane 558 34 221 303

benzene 764 8 58 698

xylenes 1,768 32 194 1,542

hydrochloric acid 2,571 2,551 20 0

toluene 3,276 17 942 2,317

Total Point Area Mobile

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Ranking Order

toluene xylene ethyl benzene carbontetrachloride

methylchloroform

HAPs

Figure 6. Top ten air monitoring HAPs vs inventory HAPS.

Monitoring Inventory

Figure 7a. 1996 National Toxic Inventory (NTI)

Area Source25%

Mobile Source51%

Point Source24%

Figure 7b. 2000 Jacksonville Inventory

Point Source22%

Area Source29%

Mobile Source49%

1997Mobile Source 1,766Area Source 5,384Point Source 3,556TOTAL 16,089

3,09813,976

Point, Area and Mobile Source Emissions (tons/year)1997 vs 2000 HAP Inventory for Jacksonville

20006,8754,003

2000 Point Source HAP Emissions (tons/yr)TOTAL

SCC Description HAPS PercentElectric Generation 2914.04 94

Incineration 49.82 2

Surface Coating Operations 47.29 2

Petroleum Product Storage 36.51 1

Mineral Products 19.07 1

Degreasing 5.66 0

Industrial Processes - Pulp & Paper & Wood Products - Pulpboard Manufacture 5.12 0

Petroleum & Solvent Evaporation - Printing/Publishing 4.68 0

External Combustion Boilers - Industrial/Commercial 4.58 0

Waste Disposal - Solid Waste Disposal - Landfill 3.94 0

Internal Combustion Engines 3.41 0

Industrial Processes - In-Process Fuel Use 1.82 0

Petroleum & Solvent Evaporation - Organic Chemical Storage - Misc 1.18 0

Industrial Processes - Secondary Metal Production 0.85 0

Industrial Processes - Chemical Manufacturing - Pesticides 0.01 0

Industrial Processes - Fabricated Metal Parts - Electroplating Operations 0.01 0Industrial Processes - Rubber & Misc Plasics Products - Other Fabricated Plastics 0.00 0

3097.99

Electric Generation 2914.04 94

Incineration 49.82 2

Surface Coating Operations 47.29 2

Petroleum Product Storage 36.51 1

Mineral Products Processing 19.07 1

Other 31.26

2000 HAP Inventory for Duval CountyArea Source Emissions (tons/year)

Source Category Total HAP PercentSurface Cleaning/Degreasing 1035.8560 26Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use 1001.4325 25Surface Coating/Wood Coating 469.5600 12Graphic Arts 382.3900 10Surface Coating/Architectural 324.6680 8Dry Cleaning 309.1900 8Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing 111.6100 3Gasoline Use 100.7600 3Prescribed Burning 85.7100 2Structure Fires 38.9000 1LPG/Residential 34.3400 1Miscellaneous Organics 28.7390 1Traffic Markings 15.2040 0LPG/Industrial 14.1100 0Wild Fires 9.2108 0POTW 8.1628 0Natural Gas/Industrial 6.5982 0LPG/Commercial 6.0600 0Open Burning 4.1976 0Forest Fires 4.0700 0Hospitals 3.0000 0Natural Gas/Commercial 1.6576 0Asphalt Paving 1.5900 0Agricultural Burning 1.3700 0Aircraft Refueling 1.2400 0Vehicle Fires 1.1229 0Leak Underground Storage Tanks 0.7290 0Natural Gas/Residential 0.6475 0Residual Oil/Industrial 0.6061 0Pesticide Application/Nonagricultural 0.1360 0Distillate Oil/Residential 0.1059 0Distillate Oil/Industrial 0.0668 0Wood/Residential 0.0341 0Distillate Oil/Commercial 0.0189 0Human Crematory 0.0044 0Residual Oil/Commercial 0.0025 0Animal Crematory 0.0004 0Total HAP 4,003

Degreasing 1035.8560Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use 1001.4325Surface Coating 905.8380Graphic Arts 382.3900

Dry Cleaning 309.1900Gasoline Marketing 100.7600Prescribed Burning 85.7100Structure Fires 38.9000Residential LPG Combustion 34.3400Miscellaneous Organics 28.7390Other 79.9455

2000 HAP Inventory for Duval CountyMobile Source Emissions (tons/year)

On

Road

Non

Road

Aircraft

Trains

Ship

s

Total HAP Per Source Category 4654.11 1961.77 218.28 1.89 38.742220.68

Total Point Area Mobile

2,2,4-trimethylpentane 752,536.25 11,616.25 30,700.00 710,220.00perchloroethylene 867,032.57 1,690.17 865,342.40 0.00ethyl benzene 870,811.58 6,490.98 70,400.00 793,920.60methyl chloroform 974,160.14 160.14 974,000.00 0.00formaldehyde 1,095,839.60 12,670.96 93,483.44 989,685.20hexane 1,116,133.33 68,860.18 441,909.15 605,364.00benzene 1,527,840.55 16,479.55 115,800.00 1,395,561.00xylenes 3,535,470.08 63,638.08 388,000.00 3,083,832.00hydrochloric acid 5,141,683.49 5,102,432.04 39,251.45 0.00toluene 6,551,866.43 33,334.53 1,883,722.90 4,634,809.00

Total Point Area Mobile

2,2,4-trimethylpentane 376 6 15 355perchloroethylene 434 1 433 0ethyl benzene 435 3 35 397methyl chloroform 487 0 487 0formaldehyde 548 6 47 495hexane 558 34 221 303benzene 764 8 58 698xylenes 1,768 32 194 1,542hydrochloric acid 2,571 2,551 20 0toluene 3,276 17 942 2,317

2000 HAP Inventory for Duval County

Total Emissions Per Pollutant (lbs/year)

HAPs Monitoring Inventory Monitoring Inventory 1 57toluene 57 57 10 10 2 56benzene 55 54 9 8 3 55xylene 53 55 8 9 4 54methyl chloride 52 23 7 2 5 53ethyl benzene 51 50 6 6 6 52styrene 49 36 5 3 7 51carbon tetrachloride 48 1 4 1 8 50methylene chloride 45 40 3 4 9 49methyl chloroform 44 51 2 7 10 48perchloroethylene 43 49 1 5 11 47

12 4613 45

Monitoring Inventory 14 44toluene 1023 3276 15 43benzene 1006 764 16 42xylene 910 1,768 17 41methyl chloride 810 6 18 40ethyl benzene 736 435 19 39styrene 681 77 20 38carbon tetrachloride 679 0 21 37methylene chloride 320 111 22 36methyl chloroform 291 487 23 35perchloroethylene 133 434 24 34

25 33Monitoring Inventory 26 32

toluene 10 10 27 31benzene 9 8 28 30xylene 8 9 29 29methyl chloride 7 2 30 28ethyl benzene 6 6 31 27styrene 5 3 32 26carbon tetrachloride 4 1 33 25methylene chloride 3 4 34 24methyl chloroform 2 7 35 23perchloroethylene 1 5 36 22

37 2138 2039 1940 1841 1742 1643 1544 1445 1346 1247 1148 1049 950 851 752 653 554 455 356 257 1

Rank

Point Source 24Area Source 25Mobile Source 51

Source Type Total HAP (tons/yr)Point Source 3,098.00Area Source 4,003.00Mobile Source 6,875.00TOTAL 13,976.00