development and prospect of forest biomass- based energy
TRANSCRIPT
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International Conference on China-CEECsForestry Research and Education Cooperation
Development and Prospect of Forest Biomass-based Energy and Materials in China
Dr. Fei WangProfessor/Dean, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry UniversityDirector, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
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Researches and Development on Agro-forest Biomass Energy and
Materials in China
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1. Cellulosic Fuel Ethanol
Hemicellulose
Cellulose Lignin
1.1 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials by Steam Explosion
by steam explosion
After treatment
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Hydrolysis
70-80 ℃
Hydrolysis
55-65 ℃
C5, C6 Sugars
Glucose
Sugars Fermentation
35-45 ℃
FuelsChemicals
Cellulose
1.2 Hydrolysis and Fermentation with Temperature Gradient Method
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1.3 Bioethanol Industry
Henan Tianguan Group, the biggest company for bioethanol production in China. Bioethanol capacity of 800000 t/a, and cellulosic ethanol capacity 50000 t/a.
There are 4 major companies for bioethanol production in China, and total production of bioethanol is 2.1 million tons per year.
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2. BiodieselTransesterification of Woody Plant Oil and Waste Oil over Catalysts
▲ Immobilized Whole Cells
0
204060
80
100
Met
hyl e
ater
con
tent
, %
0 1 2 3 4 5Times of repeated use
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Rhizopus oryzae mycelia
High density cultivation of the genetic strain cells
The activity of recombinant ROL was above 2000 U/mL.
Cloning of ROL MkDa
94.466.2
45.0 33.8
27.0
18.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 18 30 42 54 66 78Induce time /h
Expression of ROL in Pichia pastoris
19329
622342543472269018821489925
7743
2000
1000750500250100
M Mbp 1 2 3 4 5 6 bp
19329
622342543472269018821489925
7743
2000
1000750500250100
M Mbp 1 2 3 4 5 6 bp
ProROL
pPICZaA
1 2 M bp
The activity of recombinant ROL was above 91 U/mL, which is about 6 times as that of the original strain .
▲ Construction of Genetic Engineering Strain of Lipase
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Recombinant ROL
Immobilized recombinant ROL
Transestification
The yield of ME from the Pistacia chinensis bge seed oil reach 94%.
SEM micrographs
Amberlite IRA-93 resin
aa
●Immobilized lipase; ▲ free lipase
▲ Immobilized Lipase
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Immobilization of Lipase Using Paper Making Technology
The immobilized lipase was used to catalyze transesterification of oil to make biodiesel, and it could be repeatedly used for 10 times.
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Pichia P.
yeast Genetic
engineering strain
InducedexpressionTransf.
ROL plasmid
CALB plasmid
Gene fusion
Amplification
CALB gene
ROL gene
Anchor gene
▲ Whole-cell Biocatalyst with Surface Displaying
a ba b
Host cellWhole-cell catalyst
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Jiangsu Kate New Energy Co. Ltd,Biodiesel Capacity of 200000 t/a
▲Biodiesel IndustryThere are more than 100 biodiesel production companies in China, the total production of biodiesel is 1.2 million tons per year.
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3. Biomass Gasification and Electricity Poly Generation of Gas, Solid and Liquid Products by Biomass Gasification
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200 300 400 500 600
0
10
20
30
40
50
Con
cent
ratio
n, %
vol
Pyrolysis temperature, oC
CO2
H2
CH4
CO
Preparation of High Purity Synthetic Gas by Catalytic Pyrolysis
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Biomass Gasification and Power Generation IndustryThere are more than 250 companies for biomass gasification and power generation in China, and the total installed capacity through biomass gasification is 6000 megawatt.
In China, KADI Bioenergy Co. Ltd is the biggest company in biomass gasification and power generation, and its installed capacity is 1180 megawatt.
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4. Agro-forest Biomass-based Materials PLA and Biomedical Materials
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Biodegradable Plastics and Related Products
PBS products
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Wood/Plastic Composite
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Cellulose Nano Fibers
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Challenges to Forest Biomass-based Energy and Materials in China ▼ Higher cost compared to fuels and materials from petroleum At the present, the price of fossil resource petroleum has dropped down while the price of raw materials for biomass-based energy and materials has been slightly increasing. ▼ Maturity of the technologies needs to improve Fossil fuels and materials have long history and higher maturity of technology, but forest biomass-based energy and materials has been going through a short period. We still have long way to go. ▼ Need to make sure if the forest resource security is sustainable It is possible that we may lack of enough forest resources once the forest biomass–based energy and materials were widely used.
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Prospect of Forest Biomass-based Energy and Materials in China ▼ It is necessary for our China to develop forest biomass-based energy and materials because we don’t have enough fossil resources.▼ Chinese national strategy demand will promote the development of agro-forest biomass-based energy and materials.▼ Government and companies have been investing more to support the development of biomass energy and materials, and a big number of Chinese researchers and scientists have been making great contribution to this field.
▼ China has big area to culture energy plants and has plenty of forest resources for biomass-based energy and materials use.
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China has a average of 21.63% forest coverage, its forest area is about 510 million acre, and among the forests there are 171 million acre of planted forests which can be harvested for industrial use.
The forests in China are primarily distributed in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan and Yunnan provinces, and their forest coverage is over 50%.
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The forest reserves in China are around 15.1 billion cubic meters, and the annual average forest harvest is 334 million cubic meters.
The amount of forest logging residues and wood processing residues in China is 109, 42 million tons per year, respectively. The amount of forest residues each year is equivalent to 105 million tons of standard coal.
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Pistacia chinensis (黄连木) seed Jatropha curcas (麻疯树) seed
Sapium sebiferum (乌桕树) seed Swida wilsoniana (光皮树) seed
Also there are plenty of inedible woody plant oils to make biodiesel
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▼ Finally, we can make it available to comprehensively utilize forest biomass resources by biorefinery.
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