development of parties ch. 16, sect. 1 (pg. 453)
TRANSCRIPT
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Development of Parties
Ch. 16, Sect. 1 (pg. 453)
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Name: Date: Ch. 16, Sec. 1“Development of (Political) Parties”
Define 3 Key Terms (p. 453)
1.
2.
3.
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Warm up
• Local State California Issues• 1.• 2.• 3.• Federal USA Issues• 1.• 2• 3.
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What Is a Political Party?
• A political party is a group of citizens who agree on major issues facing the nation and work to create public policies that reflect their views.
• Parties choose, or nominate, people they want to elect to public office. These candidates campaign to get elected.
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Parties Before the Civil War
(historical review)
• Parties first emerged when followers of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed over major issues on how the U.S. government should function.
• Hamilton—a “federalist”—championed a strong national government with a powerful chief executive and fully supported the Constitution.
• Jefferson’s group—the “anti-federalists”—called themselves the Democratic-Republicans. They feared a powerful central government and wanted more power and rights for the states.
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Jackson’s Democrats• In the 1820s, the Democratic-Republicans split
into two factions.
• Farmers and small business owners—the “common men”—nominated Andrew Jackson in 1828 and called themselves the Democratic Party.
• Those who opposed Jackson formed their own party called the Whigs.
• The Whigs and Democrats would dominate American politics until the Civil War.
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Lincoln’s Republicans
• In 1854, several Whigs, some Democrats and others who opposed the spread of slavery formed the Republican Party.
• The Republicans came to national power with the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln as president.
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A Two Party System• Since the Civil War, the U.S. has basically had a two-
party system:
– The Democratic Party that formed
under Andrew Jackson in the 1820s
(donkey = strong-willed, smart & brave)
– The Republican Party that emerged
in the 1850s and 1860s with
Abraham Lincoln
(elephant = strong & dignified)
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The Role of Third Parties• Any minor political party can be
called a “third party.”
• Third parties rarely win major elections, but occasionally win seats in Congress or lower offices.
• Third parties influence policy on one or more issues because they believe that neither major party meets their needs.
• Third parties can have a significant impact on the outcome of elections.
Ralph Nader, Green Party Candidate,
2000
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The Impact of Third Parties
• In the late 1800s, many
ideas about worker’s rights
that became laws in the 20th
Century came from the
People’s Party, also known as the “Populists.”
• In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt split the Republicans when he formed the Progressive or “Bull Moose” Party. This split the Republican votes, helping Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson win the election.
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The Impact of Third Parties (Con’t)
• The Reform Party of Texas billionaire H. Ross Perot was a force in 1992 and 1996, which may have helped elect Bill Clinton.
• Many believe George Wallace, of the American Independent Party swayed the 1968 election in Republican Richard Nixon’s favor.
• Running as a Green Party candidate, many attribute former VP Al Gore’s loss to George W. Bush in 2000 to Ralph Nader.
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Obstacles to Third Parties
• Third parties find it difficult to compete financially against the major parties.
• In our single-member district system, only one member is selected for each district. Most voters support a major party, so winners are usually Democrats or Republicans.
• Third-party candidates must show they have support by getting a large number of voter signatures for their names to be placed on the ballot for national office.
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U.S. Political Parties Today• Democrats are generally seen
as liberal and typically feel that the federal government has a responsibility to help the poor through government intervention.
• Republicans are generally viewed as conservative and usually believe that leaving the economy alone will allow for growth, giving people greater ability to help themselves with less regulation.
• Many view both major parties today as increasingly centrist, with similar political platforms.
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Congressional Quarterly’s pg 455
• Answer the Critical Thinking Question!
• Congressional Quarterly’s page 456
• Answer the Critical Thinking Question
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Questions to Answer
Section 1 Assessment, Pg. 457:
#1
#4
#5