development of the jiaolong deep manned submersible

Development of the Jiaolong Deep Manned Submersible

1

Development of The Jiaolong

Deep Manned Submersible

Cui Weicheng

September 4, 2013

OI2013

Shanghai, China


2

Table of Contents 1. Introduction

2. Some important technical aspects

3. Latest specifications of Jiaolong

4. Manned deep submergence spirit and its inspiration to China's science and technology innovation


3

1. Introduction

In the seventies and eighties of the last

century, the U.S. manned submersible, DSV

ALVIN, made a number of important

discoveries in marine scientific research.

This promoted an upsurge in the

international community to develop deep

manned submersibles.


4

1. Introduction

The first 6000m submersible was the US

Navy’s Sea Cliff. France, the former Soviet

Union and Japan then developed another

four 6000m deep manned submersibles,

namely, Nautile, MIR I & II ,

SHINKAI6500 respectively. In the 1990s,

Russia started to develop two more 6000m

submersibles "RUS" and "Consul" which

were to be fully built in country.


5

1. Introduction


6

1. Introduction

The first proposal to develop a

6000m deep manned submersible in

China was submitted by the China

Ship Scientific Research Center

(CSSRC) to the then State Commission

of Science and Technology (now the

Ministry of Science and Technology) in

1992, but the project was finally

granted until June 2002.


7

1. Introduction

The main purpose of the project is

to develop a usable submersible which

is of comparative performances with

existing submersibles, so the technical

innovations and the application of the

latest unmatured technologies were not

the emphases.


8

1. Introduction

The main emphasis of the design are:

(1) The ability to reach a depth of 7000m;

(2) Good manuverability;

(3) The capability of real-time communication and

microtopography detection;

(4) The capability to sample in a hovering state at a

designated position;

(5) Safety and reliability.


9

1. Introduction

Prel. Design Tech. Design

Detail Desn Manu. E.

Assembly Land Test

Tank Sea Trail

2002.7 2003.3 2003.92004.42005.12,

2006.92007.82008.22009.102010.72011.82012.7

2013.4(Classification and Project finish）.


10

1. Introduction

The MTS paper (May/June 2013, Vol.47, No.3, pp.37-54) together with the references provided has described in detail the development process of the Jiaolong deep manned submersible.

But this presentation will only report some specific points which might be of the most interest to the audience due to the time limit of 20 minutes.


11

2. Some important technical aspects

(1) A New Design Standard for the deep manned pressure hull


12

Actual design of existing pressure hull

submersible New

Alvin

CONSUL

(RUS)

Nautile Shinhai

6500

Alvin Jiaolong

depth(m) 6500 6000 6000 6500 4500 7000

operating pressure from GL2009 (MPa)

65.65 60.6 60.6 65.65 45.45 70.7

material titanium titanium titanium titanium titanium titanium

internal diameter (m)

2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

design thickness(mm)

71~72 71 62～73 75 49 76～78

Safety factor 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.5 1.5

Minimum proof thickness calculated by design rules (mm)

DNV1988 83.5 78.2 78.2 79.5 59.7 88.7

BV1989 94.9 86.9 86.9 90.4 62.6 103.0

LR1989 106.1 99.0 99.0 101.0 75.6 113.4

CCS1996 78.9 72.7 72.7 77.8 51.5 85.2

RS2004 74.0 68.9 68.9 72.7 51.1 79.2

GL2009 90.2 83.2 83.2 86.1 59.4 97.8

ABS2010 105.1 97.6 97.6 103.3 72.0 112.9


13

Submersible CONSUL

(RUS） Nautile

Shinhai

6500

Alvin

New

Alvin

Jiaolong

DNV1988 X X X X X X

BV1989 X X X X X X

LR1989 X X X X X X

RS2004 √ √ √ X X X

CCS1996 √ √ X X X X

ABS2009 X X X X X X

GL2009 X X X X X X

Check of actual designs of existing pressure

hulls to the existing design rules


14

The new design standard includes

ultimate strength evaluation and the

control of stress levels.

The ultimate strength can be calculated

with nonlinear FE analysis or the

following equivalent formula:


15

))(1(m

uuu

R

t

R

t

RkP

3322 )()()()()()(R

th

Rg

R

tf

Re

R

td

Rc

beak

Where a = -15.63; b = 606.6; c =

264.6; d = 72.72; e = ; f = 882.5; g = ;

h = 3969.


16

When present formulae are used in the

design stage, the amplitude of the

structural imperfections (∆) should be

provided by the manufacturer or

determined by the designer, and ∆/R

should be limited to less than 0.01.

In conjunction with this formula, the

safety factor is suggested to be 1.5.


17

Check of actual designs of existing pressure hulls

Submersible New Alvin

RUS and CONSUL

Nautile Shinhai

6500 Alvin Jiaolong

DNV1988 X X X X X X

BV1989 X X X X X X

LR1989 X X X X X X

RS2004 X √ √ √ X X

CCS1996 X √ √ X X X

ABS2009 X X X X X X

GL2009 X X X X X X

New formulae √ √ √ √ √ √


18

Besides the above ultimate strength

formulae, additional stress limitations

which control the local stress

concentrations should be involved to

makeup complete design rules. After a

survey of current design rules for manned

submersible and pressure vessel, stress

limitations are set to be:


19

a. The average shell membrane stress at

maximum operating pressure shall be

limited to two-thirds of the minimum

specified yield strength of the material.

(this limitation is the same as the

specification of nearly all current design

rules)

t

PRm

2


20

b. The highest combined value of average

shell membrane stress and bending stress

(excluding effects of local stress

concentrations) at maximum operating

pressure shall be limited to 3/4 of the

minimum specified yield strength of the

material. (NAVSEA 1998)


21

c. The maximum compressive peak stress

at any point in the hull, including effects

of local stress concentrations, shall be

limited to 4/3 of the minimum specified

yield strength of the material. The

maximum tensile peak stress at any point

in the hull, including effects of local stress

concentrations, shall be limited to the

minimum specified yield strength of the

material.


22

d. Currently there is no condition to set a

reliable standard for fatigue strength

assessment. It is recommended that

designers and users of the submersible

should pay attention to this issue and

carry out the fatigue analysis at all stress

concentration areas using the commonly

accepted approaches.


23

(2) Manufacture of the pressure hull

The ideal manufacturing method for the manned cabin


24

(2) Manufacture of the pressure hull

The

“melon

petals

welding into

a semi-

sphere”

method


25

(3) The acoustic system of Jiaolong


26

imaging sonar

high-resolution

side-scan sonar

acoustic

Doppler

speedometer

Pinger of ultra-

short baseline

positioning

sonar

Pinger of long

baseline

positioning sonar

anti-collision

sonar (7)

Transponder of an

underwater acoustic

communication


27

(4) Self-rescue facilities of Jiaolong

A ballast jettisoning mechanism

A main battery box jettisoning

mechanism

A mercury jettisoning mechanism

A mechanism used to jettison the

hydraulic manipulator arms


28

(4) Self-rescue facilities of Jiaolong

A ballast tank system

A rescue buoy

A mechanism used to

jettison the sampling basket

electrical-

explosion

bolt


29

(5) Assembly difficulties

Buoyancy block External shell Stablizer Fin

Hydralic equipment Junction box and cables Propellor


30

(6) Open water tank test

Underwater debugging and checking the operation and

integration performances of each sub-system and their

required functions.


31

(7) Sea trials

The sea trials were the final phase of the

Jiaolong’s development but also

represented the greatest risk. Due to the

lack of experience, it was carried out from

shallow to deep step by step. 50m, 300m,

1000m, 3000m, 5000m and 7000m depths

have been tested from 2009 to 2012.


32

(7) Sea trials

Phase Period Sea Areas

1 8. 1- 10. 3, 2009

South China Sea: 50m(10909E, 1801N), 300m(11236E, 1901N)

, 1000m (11027E, 1728N)

2 5.31-7. 13, 2010

South China Sea: 3000m(11628E, 1836N)

3 7.1-8.18, 2011

The North-eastern Pacific: 5000m (15412W, 1008N)

4 6.3-7.16, 2012

The Southern Mariana Trench: 7000m (14158E, 1059N)


33

(7) Sea trials


34

(7) Sea trials


35

(7) Sea trials

Six dives in total were completed in the

Southern Mariana Trench and every dive

fulfilled its planned tasks. The maximum

diving depth achieved was 7062 meters. It

was confirmed that the performance of the

submersible was stable at this design depth.

All the functions of the submersible have

been tested at least twice and the faults

found in the tests have been remedied.


36


37

3 Latest technical specifications of the Jiaolong


38


Maximum operational depth： 7000m

Principal dimensions： 8.4×4.2×3.4m

Inner diameter of manned cabin： 2.1m

Weight in air： 22tons

Crew：１pilot，２scientists

Power supply：Silver-zinc battery， >110kWh


39


Control mode：Automatic fixed height,

fixed direction, fixed depth,fixed speed,

hovering and manual operations

Navigation system：Ultra-short baseline

system, long baseline system, motion

sensors + acoustic Doppler speedometer

Operation：Two seven-function

hydraulic manipulator arms


40


Lighting and video system：HD video

camera system, LED lights

Communication：Underwater acoustic

communication, underwater acoustic

telephone, VHF communication + GPS

positioning


41


In the process of the jiaolong development,

the manned deep submergence spirit was

formed by the team especially in the sea trial

period：

《Rigorous and truth-seeking (严谨求实),

unity and cooperation (团结协作), hard work

and dedication (拼搏奉献), scaled new heights

(勇攀高峰)》


42


(1) The great-leap-forward development

on technology from the practical point of

view can be achieved (技术上的跨越式发展从实践上来说是可以实现的);

(2) The realization path is the learning

attitude and rigorous and scientific style (

实现的途径是虚心学习的态度和严谨求实的作风)。


43


(3) The support from the leadership is

crucial. This indicates that the reform of

scientific research management system

has great potential. (领导的支持至关重要，因此，改革科研管理体制大有潜力)


44


(4) Under a good scientific research

management system, Chinese researchers

can stand to the international forefront.

China is not short of talents, the key is

how to educate and use. (在良好的科研管理

体制下，中国的科研人员能够站到国际前沿。中国不缺人才，关键是如何培养和使用)


45

Thank you for

your attention！

development of the jiaolong deep manned submersible

Documents