developmental education: the times, they are a- changin ’!
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Developmental Education: The times, they are a- changin ’!. Linda Thompson, Chair NADE Certification Council [email protected]. The Times, They Are A- Changin ’. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Developmental Education: The times, they are a-changin’!
Linda Thompson, ChairNADE Certification [email protected]
The Times, They Are A-Changin’Come gather 'round peopleWherever you roamAnd admit that the watersAround you have grownAnd accept it that soonYou'll be drenched to the boneIf your time to youIs worth savin'Then you better start swimmin'Or you'll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changin'.--Bob Dylan, 1964
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7qQ6_RV4VQ
Session Outline
• Current Situation in Developmental Education and Learning Support• The Completion Agenda: Impact of
mandates for redesign• Promising Practices in Redesign• Developing a Culture of Evidence: How do
I know if my redesign is working?
“New” Students
The Current Situation
•MANDATES! • Intense scrutiny•Resource reallocation, restructuring
and reduction •Performance funding• Limiting of access? •Changing structures for student
support
Connecticut Overhauls Remedial EducationAn Act Concerning College Readiness and Completion…
To allow all students open access to entry level courses in a college level program and prohibit public institutions of higher education from forcing any student to enroll in a remedial course.
http://cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=40&which_year=2012&SUBMIT1.x=11&SUBMIT1.y=4&SUBMIT1=Normal
“Students whose test scores indicate the need for developmental education must be advised of options and may enroll in the developmental education options of their choice.”
Why So Much Focus on Developmental Education?
• Policy-makers perceive DE as a symptom of a larger educational system failure. Fixing the educational system is an economic imperative. • 20 years ago, the U.S. was ranked highest in the
world for the percentage of young adults (aged 25-34) with college degrees. Now, we are ranked 12th (2013). • By 2018, 62% of all jobs will require a college
credential, and more than 1/2 of those will require a bachelor’s degree.
BUT…
In 2013, 42% of U.S. adults aged 25-34 held a post-secondary credential.
Who fills the remaining positions?
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2013). Education at a Glance 2013: United States. accessed 8.26.14 at http://www.oecd.org/edu/United%20States%20_EAG2013%20Country%20Note.pdf
Perceived Gaps in PreparednessHigh School vs College Faculty
• Meeting Standards prepares students for college level work – 74% vs. 35%• English – 76% vs. 33%• Reading – 72% vs. 36%• Mathematics – 79% vs. 42%• Science – 67% vs. 32%• Student preparation is the same or worse than
five to ten years ago – 68% vs. 86%ACT (2007). Aligning Postsecondary Expectations and High School Practice: The Gap Defined. Accessed 3.7.14. www.act.org/research/policymakers/pdf/NCSPolicyBrief.pdf
The Current Situation with the Common Core
http://www.corestandards.org/standards-in-your-state/
Developmental Education Still is the Connector Between Access and Completion
• We will never reach the completion goals if we reduce access.
• What are the most effective bridges between access and completion? What are the best redesigns?
Current Primary Players in Redesign, Postsecondary
•National Center for Academic Transformation (NCAT) http://thencat.org/
• Carnegie Foundation/Dana Center (Statway; Quantway) http://www.utdanacenter.org/
(go to higher education) • Achieving The Dream http://
achievingthedream.org
• Complete College America (CCA) http://completecollege.org
NCAT Recommendations
1. Redesign entire sequence2. Require active learning (“do math, read, write”)3. Provide classes in computer labs + use software4. Modularize course material/structure5. Require mastery learning6. Build in ongoing assessment
NCAT 6 Models for Course Redesign• The Supplemental Model
• The Replacement Model
• The Emporium Model
• The Fully Online Model
• The Buffet Model
• The Linked Workshop Model• Accessed at: http://www.thencat.org/R2R/R2R%20PDFs/Six%20Models%20for%20Course%20Redesign.pdf
Carnegie Foundation/Dana Center
Statway• Non-STEM• One-year pathway that
combines college-level statistics with developmental mathematics
Quantway• STEM• Focus on quantitative
reasoning; aims to prepare students for success in college-level mathematics
www.carnegiefoundation.org/developmentalmathwww.danacenter.org
Requires systemic change.
Achieving the DreamCharacteristics of Successful Programs
1. Student coaching 2. Required student success course(s)3. Additional fulltime faculty4. The classroom is often “flipped”5. Data-driven decision-making6. Broad-based support from administrators, faculty, and
staff 7. Strong institutional research departments that create
accessible reports on student achievement8. Regular and systematic evaluation of the program9. Ability to scale up successful programs
Complete College America’s Conclusion
“Remediation doesn’t work,” said Stan Jones, the group’s founder and
president. “We need to stop doing it.”
Read more: Paul Fain (June 19, 2012) Overkill on Remediation? Inside Higher Ed.
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/06/19/complete-college-america-declares-war-remediation#ixzz37M7tFuTR
CCA Recommendations
1. Mainstream “remedial” students into college credit classes
2. Use co-requisite classes, exclusively
3. Extensive use of tutorial support for all those who fall behind
4. Mandate “extra sessions” (even extra classes) to remediate
Recent CCA Recommendations5. Performance Funding
6. All students will be Full Time status to get tuition support: Full time is 15+ credits
7. Colleges will cap degrees at 60/120 credits.
8. Guided Pathways to Success: Meta-Majors
What Does NADE Recommend?
Principles for Implementing State-Wide Innovations in
Developmental Education
Principle # 1 – Identify baseline performance before implementing mandates.
Principle # 2 – Include an evaluation plan. Principle # 3 – Pilot innovations before mandating. Principle # 4 – Allow for local flexibility.
Principle # 5 – Provide for professional development.
Principles for Implementing State-Wide Innovations in
Developmental Education
Principle # 6 – Recognize that there are no simple solutions. Principle # 7 – Involve those who will be implementing innovations in planning. Principle # 8 – Identify the impact of innovation on minorities and the poor.
Principle # 9 – Identify what is already working well.
PROGRAM IMPROVEMENT AND STUDENT
SCUCCESSMISSION/
GOALS
SELF-STUDY
BASELINE DATAACTION PLANS
COMPARATIVE DATA
ANALYSIS BY FACULTY AND
STAFF
The INTERNAL ASSESSMENT and evaluation Cycle
Your Experiences: Please share. . .
Have you been involved in the creating, revising, or implementing a new/improved model of learning support or developmental courses?
How many models did you consider/are you considering?
How involved were you involved in choosing the/a model?
What are you doing now that is working well? How do you know? What’s not working as well as hoped?
Historical Research on Successful Program Elements
•Mandatory Assessment and Placement • Trained Tutors – (Boylan, et al, 1994)• Supplemental Instruction (SI) – (Blanc et
al, 1983, Rettinger & Palmer, 1996, Ramirez, 1997)• Continuous, Systematic Program
Evaluation (Boylan, 1999; Neuburger 1999).
Newer Research from CCRC on Why Redesigns Fail
1. Colleges enact DE reforms in ways that undermine their potential benefits.
2. Colleges tend to adopt minimally disruptive, small scale approaches that cannot scale.
3. Colleges focus on DE reform alone, rather than seeing DE as the litmus test of what needs to happen institution-wide.
Edgecombe, N.; Cormier, M.S.; Bickerstaff, S; & Barragan, M.( June 2013). Strengthening developmental education reforms: Evidence on implementation efforts from the scaling innovation project. CCRC Working paper No 61. Accessed 9.15.14 http://www.scalinginnovation.org/ strengthening-developmental-education-reform/
“The real problem is that we value being smart much more than we do developing smartness.” --Alexander Astin
“Rethinking Academic Excellence” Liberal Education, Spring 1999
NADE: The National Association for Developmental Education
Resources
Action Items
Next Steps NADE Chapters
www.nade.netwww.nadecertification.net
Thank you for coming!Any questions?
Contact Information for the NADE Certification Council:
Linda Thompson [email protected] Patty-Graham [email protected] Jenny Ferguson [email protected] Jane Neuburger [email protected] David Otts [email protected] Naomi Ludman [email protected]
References & ResourcesBennett, S. Morton, K., & Kevin, L. (2008), The “digital native” debate” A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775-786.
Boylan, H.R. (2002), What works: Research-based best practices in developmental education. Boone, NC: National Center for Developmental Education.
Casazza, M.E. & Silverman, S. L. (August 2013). Meaningful Access and Support: The Path to College Completion. White Paper commissioned by The Council of Learning Assistance and Developmental Education Associations (CLADEA). Available http://www.cladea.net /white_paper_meaningful_access.pdf. Chickering, A., & Gamson, Z. (1987). Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. AAHE bulletin, 39, 3-7.
Clark-Thayer, S. & Putnam-Cole, L. (2009). The NADE Self-Evaluation Guides: Best Practices in Academic Support Programs. Clearwater FL: H&H Publishing Co.
Community College Research Center (CCRC). (Sept. 2013). Student Success Courses for Sustained Impact. Available at http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/student-success-courses-for-sustained-impact.pdf.
Connecticut General Assembly. An Act Concerning College Readiness and Completion. (May, 2012) At http://cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType =Bill&bill_num=40&which_year=2012&SUBMIT1.x=11&SUBMIT1.y=4&SUBMIT1=Normal.
References & ResourcesEdgecombe, N.; Cormier, M.S.; Bickerstaff, S; & Barragan, M.( June 2013). Strengthening developmental education reforms: Evidence on implementation efforts from the scaling innovation project. CCRC Working paper No 61. Accessed 9.15.14 http://www.scalinginnovation.org/ strengthening-developmental-education-reform/
Evergreen State College, National Summer Institute on Learning Communities: http://www.evergreen.edu/washingtoncenter/institute/.
Florida State Gov’t. Website. Developmental Education in Florida College System Institutions. At http://www.flsenate.gov/Committees/BillSummaries/2013/html/501.Fain, P. (7 May 2012). Connecticut Legislature Passes Remedial Education Overhaul. Inside Higher Education. At http://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes /2012/05/07/connecticut-legislature-passes-remedial-education-overhaul#ixzz2gMHXjeDKFain, P. (5 June 2013). Remediation If You Want It. Inside Higher Education. At http://www.insidehighered.com/ news/2013/06/05/florida-law-gives-students-and-colleges-flexibility-remediation .Florida Bill 1720: Developmental Education in Florida College System Institutions. (20 May 2013). At www.flsenate.gov/Committees/BillSummaries/2013/html/50
References & ResourcesHolschum, J. P. and Paulson E. (July, 2013). The Terrain of College Developmental Reading. Executive summary and Paper commissioned by the College Reading & Learning Association (CRLA). At http://crla.net/.
Mangan, K. (23 September 2013). Florida Colleges Make Plans for Students to Opt Out of Remedial Work. The Chronicle of Higher Education. National Association for Developmental Education. www.nade.net. National Association for Developmental Education Certification Council. www.nadecertification.net. National Association for Developmental Education (NADE) and the National Center for Developmental Education (NCDE). (2013). Principles for Implementing State-Wide Innovations in Developmental Education. At http://nade.net/site/documents/breakingnews /NCDENADEPRINCIPLES2013.pdf. Neuburger, J.A. (Fall, 1999). Executive board position paper: Researcha nd recommendations for developmental education and/or learning assistance programs in the state of New York. Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 16(1),5-21. Parker, T. P. (2009). “Policy Issues” (ch3 ) In Dave Caverly and Rona Flippo, Eds. Handbook of College Reading and Study Strategies. NY: Routledge. PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (www.OECD.org). At http://www.oecd.org/pisa/faqoecdpisa.htm.
References & ResourcesHolschum, J. P. and Paulson E. (July, 2013). The Terrain of College Developmental Reading. Executive summary and Paper commissioned by the College Reading & Learning Association (CRLA). At http://crla.net/.Mangan, K. (23 September 2013). Florida Colleges Make Plans for Students to Opt Out of Remedial Work. The Chronicle of Higher Education. National Association for Developmental Education. www.nade.net. National Association for Developmental Education Certification Council. ww.nadecertification.net. National Association for Developmental Education (NADE) and the National Center for Developmental Education (NCDE). (2013). Principles for Implementing State-Wide Innovations in Developmental Education. At http://nade.net/site/documents/ breakingnews /NCDENADEPRINCIPLES2013.pdf.
Neuburger, J.A. (Fall, 1999). Executive board position paper: Research and recommendations for developmental education and/or learning assistance programs in the state of New York. Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 16(1),5-21.
Parker, T. P. (2009). “Policy Issues” (ch3 ) In Dave Caverly and Rona Flippo, Eds. Handbook of College Reading and Study Strategies. NY: Routledge.
References & ResourcesPISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (www.OECD.org). At http://www.oecd.org/pisa/faqoecdpisa.htm.
PISA. Education at a Glance 2012: OECD Indicators. http://www.oecd.org/edu/eag2012.htm; http://www.oecd.org/edu/EAG%202012_e-book_EN_200912.pdf.
Ruhl,K.L. Hughes, C.A., & Schlass, P.J. (1987). Using the pause procedure to enhance learning recall. Teacher Education & Special Education, 10, 14-18.
Schleicher, A., Compiler. (September 2013). Education at a Glance 2011:OECD Indicators (Country Note: United States). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. At http://www.oecd.org/unitedstates/48678896.pdf.
Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. Texas Success Initiative. At http://www.thecb.state.tx.us/index.cfm?objectid=233A17D9-F3D3-BFAD-D5A76CDD8AADD1E3.
Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. Texas Success Initiative. At http://www.thecb.state.tx.us/index.cfm?objectid=233A17D9-F3D3-BFAD-D5A76CDD8AADD1E3.
Tulving, E. & Kroll, N. (1995). Novelty assessment in the brain and long-term memory encoding. Psychomonic Bulletin and Review, 2, 387-390..
References & ResourcesUnited States Government Accountability Office (GAO). (September 2013). New Federal Research Center May Enhance Current Understanding of Developmental Education. Report to the Ranking Member, Committee on Education and the Workforce, U.S. House of Representatives. GAO-13-656. At http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/657683.pdf
Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges. I-BEST: Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training. Information at http://www.sbctc.ctc.edu/college/e_integratedbasiceducationandskillstraining.aspx.