NAME : T.DHIVYAA

BATCH : J5

FACULTY: Mrs.SUMATHI NITHYANAND TIME : 6PM-8PM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Preparation of this assignment has drawn upon a variety of information. I would like to express my Preparation of this assignment has drawn upon a variety of information. I would like to express my thanks to all, who gave the assistance and support in this assignment. thanks to all, who gave the assistance and support in this assignment.

In particular, I would like to thank CENTER HEAD Ms. Roshni Nair AND FACULTY Mrs. Sumathi In particular, I would like to thank CENTER HEAD Ms. Roshni Nair AND FACULTY Mrs. Sumathi Nithyanand. Nithyanand.

The four countries are

•SRI LANKA

•SINGAPORE

•JAPAN

•CHINA

P2aP2a

Indo-Aryan emigration from India in the 5th century B.C. came to form the largest ethnic group on Sri Lanka today, the Sinhalese. Tamils, the second-largest ethnic group on the island, were originally from the Tamil region of India and emigrated between the 3rd century B.C. and A.D. 1200. Until colonial powers controlled Ceylon (the country's name until 1972), Sinhalese and Tamil rulers fought for dominance over the island. The Tamils, primarily Hindus, claimed the northern section of the island and the Sinhalese, who are predominantly Buddhist, controlled the south. In 1505 the Portuguese took possession of Ceylon until the Dutch India Company usurped control (1658–1796). The British took over in 1796, and Ceylon became an English Crown colony in 1802. The British developed coffee, tea, and rubber plantations. On Feb. 4, 1948, after pressure from Ceylonese nationalist leaders (which briefly unified the Tamil and Sinhalese), Ceylon became a self-governing dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations.

President: Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005)Prime Minister: Ratnasiri Wickremanayaka (2005)Current government officials Land area: 24,996 sq mi (64,740 sq km); total area: 25,332 sq mi (65,610 sq km)Population (2007 est.): 20,926,315 (growth rate: 1.0%); birth rate: 17.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 19.5/1000; life expectancy: 74.8; density per sq mi: 809Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Colombo, 2,436,000 (metro. area), 656,100 (city proper). Legislative and judicial capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, 118,300Other large cities: Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia 214,300; Moratuwa, 181,000; Kandy, 112,400Monetary unit: Sri Lanka rupeeLanguages: Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%Ethnicity/race: Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001)Religions: Buddhist 70%, Islam 8%, Hindu 7%, Christian 6% (2001)Literacy rate: 92% (2003 est.)

• THE BUDDHIST TEMPLETHE BUDDHIST TEMPLE

• DUNHINDA FALLS DUNHINDA FALLS

• BENTOTA BEACHBENTOTA BEACH

• SIGIRIYASIGIRIYA

• YALA PARKYALA PARK

• RAVANA ELLARAVANA ELLA

• UDAYAGIRI ROCKCUTUDAYAGIRI ROCKCUT

•Dunhinda is considered to be one of the most enchanting falls in Sri Lanka and is in Dunhinda is considered to be one of the most enchanting falls in Sri Lanka and is in close proximity to Badulla town. The water resembles a thin cloud as it cascades close proximity to Badulla town. The water resembles a thin cloud as it cascades 63m downwards into a large pool. The backdrop to the fall is known as 'Dunhinda 63m downwards into a large pool. The backdrop to the fall is known as 'Dunhinda Adaviya'. 'Dunhinda' translates to 'spraying/ vapour waterfall' - the word 'dun' means Adaviya'. 'Dunhinda' translates to 'spraying/ vapour waterfall' - the word 'dun' means 'gave/was given', while 'hinda' means 'evaporate'.'gave/was given', while 'hinda' means 'evaporate'.

•Staying in the Induruwa Beach Resorts in Bentota is really a pleasure for the tourists. Staying in the Induruwa Beach Resorts in Bentota is really a pleasure for the tourists. Enjoy the excitement of staying just next to the Bentota Beach. This particular region Enjoy the excitement of staying just next to the Bentota Beach. This particular region is not only epitome of the mythical past of the place but also home to many events is not only epitome of the mythical past of the place but also home to many events and other things. It hosts the famous Sri Lankan Jeweler Aida. This place is also and other things. It hosts the famous Sri Lankan Jeweler Aida. This place is also renowned for the production of Toddy. Alcoholic beverages here are specially made renowned for the production of Toddy. Alcoholic beverages here are specially made from coconut milk and are famousfrom coconut milk and are famous

• Sigiriya dates back from over 7,000 years ago, through Pre-Historic to Sigiriya dates back from over 7,000 years ago, through Pre-Historic to Proto-Historic to Early Historic times, then as a rock-shelter mountain Proto-Historic to Early Historic times, then as a rock-shelter mountain monastery from about the 3rd century BC, with caves prepared and monastery from about the 3rd century BC, with caves prepared and donated by devotees to the donated by devotees to the sanghasangha..

• One of the oldest national parks in Sri Lanka. The second largest. This park is popular for the One of the oldest national parks in Sri Lanka. The second largest. This park is popular for the different types of animals it inherits. different types of animals it inherits. Tuskers and Leopards are generally found in YalaTuskers and Leopards are generally found in Yala. . Established in 25/02/1938 with a land extent of 103,883 hectares. In 1970 Yala east of 18,142 Established in 25/02/1938 with a land extent of 103,883 hectares. In 1970 Yala east of 18,142 hectares was attached and the area was increased to 122,024 hectares. This park is situated at hectares was attached and the area was increased to 122,024 hectares. This park is situated at the Southern part of Sri Lanka. Yala National Park is situated approximately 309 Km from the Southern part of Sri Lanka. Yala National Park is situated approximately 309 Km from Colombo.Colombo.

• The Ravana Ella, Sri Lanka has its roots connected to the times of the famous eastern epic, The Ravana Ella, Sri Lanka has its roots connected to the times of the famous eastern epic, Ramayana and it has been named after the brawny daemon ruler of Lanka, Ravana. It is said Ramayana and it has been named after the brawny daemon ruler of Lanka, Ravana. It is said that after kidnapping Sita, Ravana had hidden her at the caves behind this waterfall when Shri that after kidnapping Sita, Ravana had hidden her at the caves behind this waterfall when Shri Rama was drawing close to Lanka with his army to rescue her. The cave came to be known as Rama was drawing close to Lanka with his army to rescue her. The cave came to be known as Ravana Ella cave Ravana Ella cave

•One of the earliest groups of Jain rockcut shelters, the caves of Udayagiri One of the earliest groups of Jain rockcut shelters, the caves of Udayagiri (Hill of Sunrise) and Khandagiri (Broken Hills) command a unique position (Hill of Sunrise) and Khandagiri (Broken Hills) command a unique position in the filed of history, rock-cut architecture, art and religion. The two hills in the filed of history, rock-cut architecture, art and religion. The two hills rise abruptly from the coastal plain, about 6 km West of Bhubaneswar, rise abruptly from the coastal plain, about 6 km West of Bhubaneswar, separated by a highway.separated by a highway.

• Although Singapore's history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the Although Singapore's history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the 19th century, when in 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles arrived as an agent of the British East India 19th century, when in 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles arrived as an agent of the British East India Company. In 1824, the British purchased Singapore Island, and by 1825, the city of Singapore had Company. In 1824, the British purchased Singapore Island, and by 1825, the city of Singapore had become a major port, with trade exceeding that of Malaya's Malacca and Penang combined. In 1826, become a major port, with trade exceeding that of Malaya's Malacca and Penang combined. In 1826, Singapore, Penang, and Malacca were combined as the Straits Settlements to form an outlying residency Singapore, Penang, and Malacca were combined as the Straits Settlements to form an outlying residency of the British East India Company; in 1867, the Straits Settlements were made a British Crown Colony, an of the British East India Company; in 1867, the Straits Settlements were made a British Crown Colony, an arrangement that continued until 1946.arrangement that continued until 1946.

• The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships launched an era of prosperity for The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships launched an era of prosperity for Singapore as transit trade expanded throughout Southeast Asia. In the 20th century, the automobile Singapore as transit trade expanded throughout Southeast Asia. In the 20th century, the automobile industry's demand for rubber from Southeast Asia and the packaging industry's need for tin helped make industry's demand for rubber from Southeast Asia and the packaging industry's need for tin helped make Singapore one of the world's major ports.Singapore one of the world's major ports.

President: S. R. Nathan (1999)Prime Minister: Lee Hsien Loong (2004)Current government officials Land area: 241 sq mi (624 sq km); total area: 267 sq mi (692.7 sq km)Population (2007 est.): 4,553,009 (growth rate: 1.3%); birth rate: 9.2/1000; infant mortality rate: 2.3/1000; life expectancy: 81.8; density per sq mi: 18,898Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Singapore, 3,438,600Monetary unit: Singapore dollarLanguages: Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teaches 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000)Ethnicity/race: Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000)Religions: Buddhist 43%, Islam 15%, Taoist 9%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 5%, other Christian 10%, none 15% (2000)Literacy rate: 93% (2003 est.)

• NIGHT SAFARINIGHT SAFARI

• SENTOSA ISLANDSENTOSA ISLAND

• JURONG BIRD PARKJURONG BIRD PARK

• BOTANICAL GARDENBOTANICAL GARDEN

• BOAT QUAYBOAT QUAY

The night safari

• The Night Safari is the world's first nocturnal zoo and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Singapore.

• The concept of a nocturnal park in Singapore was mooted in the 1980s by the former executive chairman of the Singapore Zoo, Dr Ong Swee Law. Constructed at a cost of S$63 million, the Night Safari was officially opened on 26 May 1994 and occupies 40 hectares (0.4 km²) of secondary rainforest adjacent to the Singapore Zoo and Upper Seletar Reservoir.

• The Night Safari currently houses a total of 1,040 animals of 120 species, of which 29% are threatened species. The zoo is managed by Wildlife Reserves Singapore, and about 1.1 million visitors visit the safari per year.[1] The Night Safari received its 11 millionth visitor on 29 May 2007.

• It is perhaps the most interesting reading when you are going through the ups and It is perhaps the most interesting reading when you are going through the ups and downs in the downs in the history of Sentosa Islandhistory of Sentosa Island. Series of invaders, wars, frequent change of . Series of invaders, wars, frequent change of rulers - all these form a fine collage that has given a different shape to the history of rulers - all these form a fine collage that has given a different shape to the history of the island. It is a story of change of power in Singapore and it seems that all the the island. It is a story of change of power in Singapore and it seems that all the foreign powers were very much interested in having Sentosa Island in their grips. Let foreign powers were very much interested in having Sentosa Island in their grips. Let us take a look at the history of Sentosa Island. us take a look at the history of Sentosa Island.

• The Jurong BirdPark is now a world-famous bird zoo wherein there are specimens of magnificent The Jurong BirdPark is now a world-famous bird zoo wherein there are specimens of magnificent bird life from around the world, including a flock of one thousand and one flamingos. It is currently bird life from around the world, including a flock of one thousand and one flamingos. It is currently the world's largest bird park in terms of number of birds and second largest in terms of land area the world's largest bird park in terms of number of birds and second largest in terms of land area after Germany's Vogelpark Walsrode. There are over 9,000 birds of 600 species in the Jurong after Germany's Vogelpark Walsrode. There are over 9,000 birds of 600 species in the Jurong BirdPark. Of those, 29 are of endangered species. BirdPark. Of those, 29 are of endangered species.

• Singapore Botanic Gardens Singapore Botanic Gardens is a 63.7-hectare (157-acre) botanical garden in Singapore. It is half the is a 63.7-hectare (157-acre) botanical garden in Singapore. It is half the size of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew or around one-fifth the size of Central Park in New York. It is size of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew or around one-fifth the size of Central Park in New York. It is the only botanic garden in the world that opens from 5 a.m. to 12 midnight every single day of the year, the only botanic garden in the world that opens from 5 a.m. to 12 midnight every single day of the year, and does not charge an admission fee, except for the National Orchid Garden. The garden is bordered and does not charge an admission fee, except for the National Orchid Garden. The garden is bordered by Holland & Napier Road in the South, on the East, Tyersall Ave & Cluny Park Road on its West and by Holland & Napier Road in the South, on the East, Tyersall Ave & Cluny Park Road on its West and Bukit Timah Road in the North. The linear distance between the Northern and Southern end is around Bukit Timah Road in the North. The linear distance between the Northern and Southern end is around 2.5 km (1.5 miles).2.5 km (1.5 miles).

• Boat QuayBoat Quay is a historical quay in Singapore which is situated upstream from the mouth of the Singapore River on its southern bank. is a historical quay in Singapore which is situated upstream from the mouth of the Singapore River on its southern bank.

• It was the busiest part of the old Port of Singapore, handling three quarters of all shipping business during the 1860s. Because the south bank of the river here resembles the belly of a carp, It was the busiest part of the old Port of Singapore, handling three quarters of all shipping business during the 1860s. Because the south bank of the river here resembles the belly of a carp, which according to Chinese belief is where wealth and prosperity lay, many shophouses were built, crowded into the area.which according to Chinese belief is where wealth and prosperity lay, many shophouses were built, crowded into the area.

• Though serving aquatic trade is no longer Boat Quay's primary role, the shophouses on it have been carefully conserved and now house various bars, pubs and restaurants. Therefore Boat Though serving aquatic trade is no longer Boat Quay's primary role, the shophouses on it have been carefully conserved and now house various bars, pubs and restaurants. Therefore Boat Quay's social-economic role in the city has shifted away from that of trade and maritime commerce, and now leans towards more of a role accommodated for tourism and aesthetics for Quay's social-economic role in the city has shifted away from that of trade and maritime commerce, and now leans towards more of a role accommodated for tourism and aesthetics for the commercial zone of which encloses the Singapore River. It is the soft front to the composolitian banking and financial sectors lying immediately behind itthe commercial zone of which encloses the Singapore River. It is the soft front to the composolitian banking and financial sectors lying immediately behind it

–The written The written history of Japanhistory of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Twenty-Four HistoriesHistories, a collection of Chinese historical texts. However, archaeological evidence indicates , a collection of Chinese historical texts. However, archaeological evidence indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the upper paleolithic period.[1] that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the upper paleolithic period.[1] Following the last ice-age, around 12,000 BC, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese Archipelago Following the last ice-age, around 12,000 BC, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese Archipelago fostered human development. The earliest-known pottery belongs to the Jōmon period.fostered human development. The earliest-known pottery belongs to the Jōmon period.

• Surface: The total land area of Japan is around 377, 835 sq km. Surface: The total land area of Japan is around 377, 835 sq km.

Population:  The population of Japan is around 128 million.Population:  The population of Japan is around 128 million.

System of government: Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. System of government: Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government.

Capital: Tokyo, with a population of more than 8 million inhabitants, is the capital of Japan.Capital: Tokyo, with a population of more than 8 million inhabitants, is the capital of Japan.

Religion: Shinto and Buddhism. Religion: Shinto and Buddhism.

Official Language: The official language is Japanese.Official Language: The official language is Japanese.

Government: Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. Government: Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government.

Climate: Japan experiences a temperate climate.Climate: Japan experiences a temperate climate.

• MT.FUJIMT.FUJI• NISEKONISEKO• TAKINOUE PARKTAKINOUE PARK• SHURIJO CASTLE GATESHURIJO CASTLE GATE• YADE RIVERYADE RIVER• NARITA SAN TEMPLENARITA SAN TEMPLE• OTODOME FALLOTODOME FALL

• Mount Fuji (Fujisan) is with 3776 meters Japan's highest mountain. It is not surprising that the nearly perfectly shaped Mount Fuji (Fujisan) is with 3776 meters Japan's highest mountain. It is not surprising that the nearly perfectly shaped volcano has been worshipped as a sacred mountain and experienced big popularity among artists and common people. volcano has been worshipped as a sacred mountain and experienced big popularity among artists and common people.

• Mount Fuji is a dormant volcano, which most recently erupted in 1708. It stands on the border between Yamanashi and Mount Fuji is a dormant volcano, which most recently erupted in 1708. It stands on the border between Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures and can be seen from Tokyo and Yokohama on clear days. Shizuoka Prefectures and can be seen from Tokyo and Yokohama on clear days.

• The easiest way to view Mount Fuji is from the train on a trip along the Tokaido Line between Tokyo and Osaka. If you The easiest way to view Mount Fuji is from the train on a trip along the Tokaido Line between Tokyo and Osaka. If you take the shinkansen from Tokyo in direction of Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka, the best view of Mount Fuji can be enjoyed take the shinkansen from Tokyo in direction of Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka, the best view of Mount Fuji can be enjoyed from around Shin-Fuji Station on the right hand side of the train, about 40 to 45 minutes after leaving Tokyo. from around Shin-Fuji Station on the right hand side of the train, about 40 to 45 minutes after leaving Tokyo.

•NisekoNiseko is a town located in Abuta District, Shiribeshi, Hokkaidō, Japan. is a town located in Abuta District, Shiribeshi, Hokkaidō, Japan. Although in Japanese, Niseko principally refers to a municipal area, Although in Japanese, Niseko principally refers to a municipal area, overseas, the name has come to refer to a wider area of ski resorts overseas, the name has come to refer to a wider area of ski resorts encompassing Hokkaido's Mount Yōtei and Annupuri ranges encompassing Hokkaido's Mount Yōtei and Annupuri ranges

•This park is one of the most famous tourist places for seeing moss pink, of This park is one of the most famous tourist places for seeing moss pink, of which the prefecture is very proud. Moss pink bloom all together all over which the prefecture is very proud. Moss pink bloom all together all over slopes of a huge 100,000 km2 hill from mid-May to early June, producing slopes of a huge 100,000 km2 hill from mid-May to early June, producing picturesque scenerypicturesque scenery

• Among the castles that were designated as World Heritage Sites, Shurijo Castle is the most Among the castles that were designated as World Heritage Sites, Shurijo Castle is the most outstanding.outstanding.By the time of the island's unification, Shurijo Castle had already been historically prominent.By the time of the island's unification, Shurijo Castle had already been historically prominent.For the 450 years since then, the Castle was the political, economic and cultural center of this island. For the 450 years since then, the Castle was the political, economic and cultural center of this island. The Seiden State Hall is not only the largest wooden building on the island, but also expresses the The Seiden State Hall is not only the largest wooden building on the island, but also expresses the wisdom of a people who successfully combined Chinese and Japanese architectures with the originality wisdom of a people who successfully combined Chinese and Japanese architectures with the originality of Okinawan culture. of Okinawan culture.

Rivers of Japan are characterized by their relatively short lengths and considerably steep gradients due to the narrow and mountainous topography of the country. An often-cited quote is 'this is not a river, but a waterfall' by the Dutch engineer (o-yatoi gaikokujin) who had visited the , Toyama Prefecture. The Mogani, the Fuji and the Kuma are regarded as the three most rapid rivers of Japan.

http://www.davefriedmannphotography.com/waterfalls_rivers_lakes_streams/index.album/waterfall-on-fuefuki-river-2?i=2&s=1

• The "sound stopping" waterfall is anything but. About 25 meters high and 5 meters wide, it is a The "sound stopping" waterfall is anything but. About 25 meters high and 5 meters wide, it is a thundering torrent. The main stream of the Shiba river flows over the cliff into a deep pool. You thundering torrent. The main stream of the Shiba river flows over the cliff into a deep pool. You often get beautiful rainbows forming in the midst before you. Mount Fuji is often viewable on the often get beautiful rainbows forming in the midst before you. Mount Fuji is often viewable on the approach. approach.

CHINACHINA

• China, one of the countries that can boast of an ancient civilization, has a long and mysterious China, one of the countries that can boast of an ancient civilization, has a long and mysterious history - almost 5,000 years of it! Like most other great civilizations of the world, China can trace history - almost 5,000 years of it! Like most other great civilizations of the world, China can trace her culture back to a blend of small original tribes which have expanded till they became the her culture back to a blend of small original tribes which have expanded till they became the great country we have today. great country we have today.

• It is recorded that Yuanmou man is the oldest hominoid in China and the oldest dynasty is Xia It is recorded that Yuanmou man is the oldest hominoid in China and the oldest dynasty is Xia Dynasty. From the long history of China, there emerge many eminent people that have Dynasty. From the long history of China, there emerge many eminent people that have contributed a lot to the development of the whole country and to the enrichment of her history. contributed a lot to the development of the whole country and to the enrichment of her history. Among them, there are emperors like Li Shimin (emperor Taizong of the Tang), philosophers like Among them, there are emperors like Li Shimin (emperor Taizong of the Tang), philosophers like Confucius, great patriotic poets like Qu Yuan and so on.Confucius, great patriotic poets like Qu Yuan and so on.

• THE GREAT WALL OF CHINATHE GREAT WALL OF CHINA• THE SHAOLIN TEMPLETHE SHAOLIN TEMPLE• XIANXIAN• HUANGSHANHUANGSHAN• SHANGHAI SEA SHORESHANGHAI SEA SHORE• DONGHAI BRIDGEDONGHAI BRIDGE• FORBIDDEN CITYFORBIDDEN CITY

• The Great Wall stretches over approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles)[3] from Shanhaiguan in the The Great Wall stretches over approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles)[3] from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia, but stretches to over 6,700 km (4,160 miles) in total.[4] At its peak, the Ming Wall was Mongolia, but stretches to over 6,700 km (4,160 miles) in total.[4] At its peak, the Ming Wall was guarded by more than one million men.[5] It has been estimated that somewhere in the range of guarded by more than one million men.[5] It has been estimated that somewhere in the range of 2 to 3 million Chinese died as part of the centuries-long project of building the wall.[6] 2 to 3 million Chinese died as part of the centuries-long project of building the wall.[6]

• The The Shaolin MonasteryShaolin Monastery or or Shaolin TempleShaolin Temple (Chinese: (Chinese: 少林寺少林寺 ; pinyin: Shǎolínsì), is ; pinyin: Shǎolínsì), is a Chán Buddhist temple at Song Shan near Zhengzhou City Henan Province in a Chán Buddhist temple at Song Shan near Zhengzhou City Henan Province in Dengfeng, China. It is led by abbot Shì Yǒngxìn. Founded in the 5th century, the Dengfeng, China. It is led by abbot Shì Yǒngxìn. Founded in the 5th century, the monastery is long famous for its association with Chinese martial arts and particularly monastery is long famous for its association with Chinese martial arts and particularly with Shaolin Kung Fu, and it is the Mahayana Buddhist monastery perhaps best with Shaolin Kung Fu, and it is the Mahayana Buddhist monastery perhaps best known to the Western world.known to the Western world.

• The The Terracotta ArmyTerracotta Army (traditional Chinese: (traditional Chinese: 兵馬俑兵馬俑 ; ; simplified Chinese: simplified Chinese: 兵马俑兵马俑 ; ; pinyin: bīngmǎ pinyin: bīngmǎ yǒng; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") are the yǒng; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") are the Terra Cotta Warriors and HorsesTerra Cotta Warriors and Horses of of Qin Shi Huangdi the First Emperor of China. The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BCE, were Qin Shi Huangdi the First Emperor of China. The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BCE, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor.Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor.

•Mt.Huangshan in east China¡®s Anhui province is one of China¯s ten best-known Mt.Huangshan in east China¡®s Anhui province is one of China¯s ten best-known scenic spots, It is characterized by the four wonders, namely, odd-shaped pines, scenic spots, It is characterized by the four wonders, namely, odd-shaped pines, grotesque rock formation, seas of clouds and crystal-clear hot springs. Mount grotesque rock formation, seas of clouds and crystal-clear hot springs. Mount Huangshan is celebrated for having all the features of mountain scenery Huangshan is celebrated for having all the features of mountain scenery

• Shanghai, is located shore of the East China Sea, the Yangtze River estuary place, is the Shanghai, is located shore of the East China Sea, the Yangtze River estuary place, is the Chinese biggest city, also is a China foreign reform and open policy window. Chinese biggest city, also is a China foreign reform and open policy window.

• 　　　　 Shanghai is develops day after day the powerful city unceasingly, is our country biggest Shanghai is develops day after day the powerful city unceasingly, is our country biggest trade, the financial center, also is west the Pacific section important international port city. Among trade, the financial center, also is west the Pacific section important international port city. Among them outside relates widely, the transportation, the communication quite are developed, is them outside relates widely, the transportation, the communication quite are developed, is attracting the more and more many attentions vision. attracting the more and more many attentions vision.

• Donghai BridgeDonghai Bridge (simplified Chinese: traditional Chinese pinyin: Dōnghǎi Dàqiáo; literally "East Sea (simplified Chinese: traditional Chinese pinyin: Dōnghǎi Dàqiáo; literally "East Sea Grand Bridge") was the longest cross-sea bridge in the world until Hangzhou Bay Bridge opened on 1 Grand Bridge") was the longest cross-sea bridge in the world until Hangzhou Bay Bridge opened on 1 May 2008. It was completed on December 10, 2005. It has a total length of 32.5 kilometres (20.2 May 2008. It was completed on December 10, 2005. It has a total length of 32.5 kilometres (20.2 miles) and connects mainland Shanghai and the offshore Yangshan deep-water port in China. Most of miles) and connects mainland Shanghai and the offshore Yangshan deep-water port in China. Most of the bridge is a low-level viaduct. There are also cable-stayed sections to allow for the passage of large the bridge is a low-level viaduct. There are also cable-stayed sections to allow for the passage of large ships, largest with span of 420 m.ships, largest with span of 420 m.

• The Forbidden City, also known as the Imperial Palace or Palace The Forbidden City, also known as the Imperial Palace or Palace Museum, is located in the center of Beijing. Built between 1406 Museum, is located in the center of Beijing. Built between 1406 and 1420, it was the imperial residence of 24 emperors of the and 1420, it was the imperial residence of 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing (1368-1911) dynasties. Today it has become one Ming and Qing (1368-1911) dynasties. Today it has become one of the most important tourist attractions in Beijingof the most important tourist attractions in Beijing

• TicketTicket

• PassportPassport

• VisaVisa

• Health CertificateHealth Certificate

• Travel InsuranceTravel Insurance

• CurrencyCurrency

• Custom (Import & Export)Custom (Import & Export)

Health certificateHealth certificate

• PassportsPassports• Passport valid for at least six months from date of entry required by all nationals referred to in the Passport valid for at least six months from date of entry required by all nationals referred to in the

chart above.chart above.• VisasVisas• All nationals will be issued with landing endorsements free of charge valid for a period of 30 days All nationals will be issued with landing endorsements free of charge valid for a period of 30 days

on arrival at port of entry (for touristic visits only), on arrival at port of entry (for touristic visits only), providing tourist holds a return or onward ticket providing tourist holds a return or onward ticket or sufficient funds for air ticket and sufficient funds equivalent to minimum US$30 per day for or sufficient funds for air ticket and sufficient funds equivalent to minimum US$30 per day for board and lodging for the duration of stay.board and lodging for the duration of stay.

• Vaccination- Not requiredVaccination- Not required• Travel Insurance-Not Required.Travel Insurance-Not Required.

• Typhoid *Vaccination sometimes recommended10 days before travel

• Hepatitis A Vaccination recommended2 weeks before travel

• Diphtheria *Vaccination sometimes recommended3 months before travel

• Tuberculosis *Vaccination sometimes recommended3 months before travel

• Hepatitis B *Vaccination sometimes recommended2 months before travel

• Rabies *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travel

• Meningococcal meningitis Not required.

• Yellow fever Certificate of vaccination may be required10 days before travel

• Japanese B encephalitis *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travel

• Tick-borne encephalitis Not required

• A passport with at least 6 months validityA passport with at least 6 months validity- Valid Singapore visa, if applicable - Valid Singapore visa, if applicable - Sufficient funds to last for the intended period of stay in Singapore- Sufficient funds to last for the intended period of stay in Singapore- Confirmed onward/return tickets (where applicable)- Confirmed onward/return tickets (where applicable)- Entry facilities to their onward destinations, e.g. visas.- Entry facilities to their onward destinations, e.g. visas.- Completed Disembarkation/Embarkation Card- Completed Disembarkation/Embarkation Card- Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate, if applicable.- Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate, if applicable.

• Travel insurance- Not compulsory but required.Travel insurance- Not compulsory but required.

• Typhoid Not required.

• Hepatitis A *Vaccination sometimes recommended2 weeks before travel

• Diphtheria Not required.

• Tuberculosis *Vaccination sometimes recommended3 months before travel

• Hepatitis B *Vaccination sometimes recommended2 months before travel

• Rabies Not required.

• Meningococcal meningitis Not required.

• Yellow fever Certificate of vaccination may be required10 days before travel

• Japanese B encephalitis Not required.

• Tick-borne encephalitis Not required

• Passport- A passport must be valid for a minimum period of 6 months.

• Visa- a valid tourist visa is required.•Copy of confirmed onward and return ticket.•Proof of accommodation and sufficient fund during the period of stay.

•Vaccination –Not required.•Travel Insurance and medical insurance- compulsory to visit Japan.

• Typhoid Not required.• Hepatitis A Not required.• Diphtheria Not required.• Tuberculosis Not required.• Hepatitis B *Vaccination sometimes recommended2 months before travel• Rabies Not required• ..Meningococcal meningitis Not required.• Yellow fever Not required.• Japanese B encephalitis *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travel• Tick-borne encephalitis Not required

• Passport- A passport must be valid for a minimum period of 6 months.

• Visa- a valid tourist visa is required.• L visa  (Tourist/Family visa) – For those who enter China for (Tourist/Family visa) – For those who enter China for

tourist visits, to see family members or additional personal tourist visits, to see family members or additional personal reasonsreasons

•Copy of confirmed onward and return ticket.•Proof of accommodation and sufficient fund during the period of stay.

•Vaccination –Not required.•Travel Insurance and medical insurance- not compulsory but required

• Chinese VisaChinese Visa

• A visa is an endorsement stamp that is placed on your passport to show that you are pre-approved by A visa is an endorsement stamp that is placed on your passport to show that you are pre-approved by the government of a specific to enter their country. China issues several types of visas, each designed the government of a specific to enter their country. China issues several types of visas, each designed for a specific type of traveler or travel purpose:for a specific type of traveler or travel purpose:

• C visa - For crewmembers and their families on international transportationC visa - For crewmembers and their families on international transportation

• D visaD visa (Resident visa) – For foreigners planning on becoming residents of China (Resident visa) – For foreigners planning on becoming residents of China

• F visaF visa (Business/Visit visa) – For foreigners who have an invitation to China for a visit whose duration  (Business/Visit visa) – For foreigners who have an invitation to China for a visit whose duration is less than six monthsis less than six months

• G visaG visa (Transit visa) – For travelers going through China (Transit visa) – For travelers going through China

• J visa (Journalist visa) – For foreign journalists stationed in ChinaJ visa (Journalist visa) – For foreign journalists stationed in China

• L visaL visa (Tourist/Family visa) – For those who enter China for tourist visits, to see family members or  (Tourist/Family visa) – For those who enter China for tourist visits, to see family members or additional personal reasonsadditional personal reasons

• X visaX visa (Study/Student visa) – For foreigners whose visit includes studying in China for a duration of  (Study/Student visa) – For foreigners whose visit includes studying in China for a duration of less than six monthsless than six months

• Z visaZ visa (Work visa) – For foreigners and their families who have lawful employment in China (Work visa) – For foreigners and their families who have lawful employment in China

• Typhoid *Vaccination sometimes recommended10 days before travelTyphoid *Vaccination sometimes recommended10 days before travel• Hepatitis A Vaccination recommended2 weeks before travelHepatitis A Vaccination recommended2 weeks before travel• Diphtheria Vaccination recommended3 months before travelDiphtheria Vaccination recommended3 months before travel• Tuberculosis *Vaccination sometimes recommended3 months before travelTuberculosis *Vaccination sometimes recommended3 months before travel• Hepatitis B *Vaccination sometimes recommended2 months before travelHepatitis B *Vaccination sometimes recommended2 months before travel• Rabies *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travelRabies *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travel• Meningococcal meningitis Not required.Meningococcal meningitis Not required.• Yellow fever Certificate of vaccination may be required10 days before travelYellow fever Certificate of vaccination may be required10 days before travel• Japanese B encephalitis *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travelJapanese B encephalitis *Vaccination sometimes recommended1 month before travel• Tick-borne encephalitis *Vaccination sometimes recommendedTick-borne encephalitis *Vaccination sometimes recommended

MEAL SERVICE

Wheel Chair Passenger INFLIGHT SERVICEINFLIGHT SERVICE

•Child meal is given to the childrenChild meal is given to the children

•The foods included are Bite sized pieces of foods liked by The foods included are Bite sized pieces of foods liked by children, as they are easy to eat, nutritionally balanced.children, as they are easy to eat, nutritionally balanced.

•Foods avoided are strong pieces, big pieces ,graviesFoods avoided are strong pieces, big pieces ,gravies

• Hindu meal is given to the on the request of the passenger.Hindu meal is given to the on the request of the passenger.

• The foods included are non-veg meal cooked in the Indian style.The foods included are non-veg meal cooked in the Indian style.

• The foods avoided are no beef or beef products.The foods avoided are no beef or beef products.

• The low calorie meal is to the over weight / heart patients .The low calorie meal is to the over weight / heart patients .

• The foods included are high proteins & fibre diet –lentils, fresh The foods included are high proteins & fibre diet –lentils, fresh fruits request fatty foods, and veg, lean meat, fish &poultry.fruits request fatty foods, and veg, lean meat, fish &poultry.

• The foods avoided are carbohydrates.The foods avoided are carbohydrates.

• WHY MY ITINERARY IS GOOD?WHY MY ITINERARY IS GOOD?

The place I select for Mr. jack D’ Souza is the wonderful and famous tourist The place I select for Mr. jack D’ Souza is the wonderful and famous tourist spot in Asian continent. (Sri Lanka, Singapore, Japan, China).spot in Asian continent. (Sri Lanka, Singapore, Japan, China).

Advantage of the packAdvantage of the pack: : The countries that I have selected for MR. Jack D’ SouzaThe countries that I have selected for MR. Jack D’ SouzaNearby countries are selected to save travel time.Nearby countries are selected to save travel time.Low cost fare is given.Low cost fare is given.The tourist spots of the countries are chosen.The tourist spots of the countries are chosen.No back tracking.No back tracking.Travel is planned by the best airlines for the passengers to have a relax Travel is planned by the best airlines for the passengers to have a relax

trip.trip.

Name of the passenger : Mr. Jack D’ SouzaName of the passenger : Mr. Jack D’ Souza

FromFrom ToTo CarrierCarrier FlightFlight ClassClass DEPARTURE DEPARTURE

DATE - TIMEDATE - TIME

ARRIVAL ARRIVAL

DATE - TIMEDATE - TIME

INDIAINDIA

(CHENNAI )(CHENNAI )

SRI LANKASRI LANKA

(COLOMBO)(COLOMBO)

Air India (AI)Air India (AI) 098098 YY 10 FEB 4.00AM10 FEB 4.00AM 10 FEB 5.00AM10 FEB 5.00AM

SRI LANKASRI LANKA

(COLOMBO)(COLOMBO)

SINGAPORESINGAPORE

(SINGAPORE)(SINGAPORE)

Air Lanka (UL)Air Lanka (UL) 999999 YY 12 FEB 4.00PM12 FEB 4.00PM 12 FEB 7.00PM12 FEB 7.00PM

SINGAPORESINGAPORE

(SINGAPORE)(SINGAPORE)

JAPANJAPAN

(TOKYO)(TOKYO)

Singapore Airline Singapore Airline (SQ)(SQ)

131131 YY 15 FEB 5.00PM15 FEB 5.00PM 15 FEB 10.00PM 15 FEB 10.00PM

JAPANJAPAN

(TOKYO)(TOKYO)

CHINACHINA

(BEIJING)’(BEIJING)’

Air China (AC)Air China (AC) 079079 YY 18 FEB 8.30PM18 FEB 8.30PM 18 FEB 11.00PM18 FEB 11.00PM

CHINACHINA

(BEIJING)(BEIJING)

INDIAINDIA

(CHENNAI)(CHENNAI)

Air India (AI)Air India (AI) 098098 YY 21 FEB 6.30PM21 FEB 6.30PM 21 FEB 10.00PM21 FEB 10.00PM

STATUS

CONFIRMED

CONFIRMED

CONFIRMED

CONFIRMED

CONFIRMED

FROM/TO

PASSENGER TICKET AND BAGGAGE CHECK ISSUED BY ABBCAIRLINES SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT IN THIS

TICKET

ORIGIN/DESTINATION

MAA/MAA

AIRLNE DATA

PDSIT

DATE AND PLACE OF ISSUE

02FEB 10 DIVYA TOURS AND TRAVELS Coimbatore 14.3.0082.4

AGENT : T.DHIVYAA

MAA CARR FARECALC ENDORSEMENTS/RESTRICTIONS/CARBON VALID FOR SIX MONTHS/NON REFUNDABLE

FLIGHT COUPONCMB AI SIN UL M NAME OF PASSENGER NOT TRAS FARBLE

JACK D SOUZA MR I SSUED IN EXCHANGE FORTYO SQ 600.00

CONJUNCTION TICKETS ORIGINAL AIRLINE FROM SERIAL NO PLACE DATE A.N.CODE

BJS AC M

XOGOODS FOR PASSENGER POINTED

OUTLINED CARRIER FLIGHT / CLASS DATE TIME STATUS FARE

NOT VALID BEFORE

NOT VALID AFTER

ALLOW BAGGAGE

CK/UNCKMAA AI 600.00

CHENNAI AI 098 Y 10FEB 0400HRS HK YRT 10FEB 10AUG 20K PCS/WT

COLOMBO UL 999 Y 12 FEB 1600HRS HK YRT 10FEB 10AUG 20K  PCS/WT

SINGAPORE

SQ 131 Y 15FEB 1700HRS HK YRT 10FEB 10AUG 20K PCS/WT

 TOKYO

AC 079 Y 18FEB 2000HRS HK YRT 10FEB 10AUG 20K PCS/WT

NUC 1200.00 BEIJING

AI 098 Y 21FEB 1830HRS HK YRT 10FEB 10AUG 20K PCS/WT

ROE 45.00 CHENNAI TOUR CODE: ADDITIONAL ENDORSMENT RESTRICTIONS (CARBON)

TOTEL FARE CALC

EQUIV FARE PO

TAXPF 500pdAF500Pd

TAXFR600pdXA400pd

TAXXF700PDYQ300PD

FORM OF PAYMENT CASH

FARE: INR 44000.00

CPN/AIRLINE CODE FROM SERIAL NUMBER/CK . 2 000 4234567890 1 0 .

. DO NOT MARK OR WRITE IN THE WHITE AREA ABOVE

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllll llllllll llllllll lllllllllllll . A 2 0 0 0 4 2 3 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 16TOTAL:

INR 47500.00

DAY TO DAY ITINERARYDAY TO DAY ITINERARY

•DAY1 – 10 FEBDAY1 – 10 FEB4.00AM- Departure from Chennai International Airport by Air India.4.00AM- Departure from Chennai International Airport by Air India.5.00am- Arrival Colombo airport.5.00am- Arrival Colombo airport.6.30am- Check into Hotel Chatter and take rest .6.30am- Check into Hotel Chatter and take rest .10.00am- Have breakfast.10.00am- Have breakfast.11.00am-Visit Buddhist temple.11.00am-Visit Buddhist temple.1.00pm- Have lunch and rest.1.00pm- Have lunch and rest.2.00pm Visit Dunhinda falls .2.00pm Visit Dunhinda falls .6.00pm- Visit Bentota beach.6.00pm- Visit Bentota beach.8.00pm-Back to hotel8.00pm-Back to hotel9.00pm- Have dinner and take rest.9.00pm- Have dinner and take rest.

•DAY 2- 11 FEB•6.00AM-WAKE UP CALL

•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST

•9.00AM-VISIT SIGIRIYA•11.00AM-VISIT YALAPARK•12.00NOON-HAVE LUNCH•1.00PM-VISIT RAVANA ELLA AND SHOPPING AT 2PM•4.OOPM-VISIT UDAYAGIRI ROCKCUT•6.00PM-GO FOR SHOPPING•9.00PM-BACK TO HOTEL ,HAVE DINNER AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 3-12FEB

•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST•9.00AM-GO FOR SHOPPING TILL AFTER NOON.•1.00PM-CHECK OUT THE HOTEL•2.00PM-REACH COLOMBO AIRPORT•4.00PM-DEPARTURE FROM COLOMBO AIRPORT BY SRILANKAN AIRLINES•7.00PM-ARRIVAL IN JAKARTA AIRPORT•9.00PM-CHECK INTO HOTEL SHANGRILA •9.30PM-HAVE DINNER AND TEKE REST.

•DAY 4 -13 FEB

•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.•10.00AM-VISIT JURONG BIRD PARK.•1.00PM-HAVE LUNCH IN NEAR BY INDIAN RESTAURANT.•2.00PM-VISIT BOTANICAL GARDEN.•6.00PM-VISIT NIGHT SAFARI UPTO 10.00PM•10.30PM-BACK TO HOTEL.•11.00PM-HAVE DINNER AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 5 -14 FEB

•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL

•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.

•10.00AM-VISIT SENTOSA ISLAND TILL EVENING

•1.00PM-LUNCH AT ISLAND.

•6.00PM-GO FOR SHOPPING.

•10.00PM-BACK TO HOTEL.

•DAY 6 -15 FEB

•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.•10.00AM-VISIT BOAT QUAY•12.00PM- HAVE LUNCH.•1.00PM-GO FOR SHOPPING.•4.00PM-CHECK OUT HOTEL.•5.00PM-DEPARTURE FROM JAKARTA AIRPORT BY SINGAPORE

AIRLINES.•10.00PM-ARRIVAL IN TOKYO AIRPORT.•11.00PM-CHECK INTO HOTEL MARQUE AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 7 -16 FEB

•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.•10.00AM-VISIT MT.FUJI.•12.00NOON- HAVE LUNCH.•1.00PM-VISIT NISEKO.•3.00PM-VISIT TAKINOUE PARK.•6.00PM-GO FOR SHOPPING.•9.00PM-BACK TO HOTEL.•9.30PM-HAVE DINNER AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 8 -17 FEB•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL

•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.

•10.00AM-VISIT YADE RIVER.

•12.00NOON- HAVE LUNCH.

•3.00PM-VISIT SHURIJO CASTLE GATE.

•6.00PM-GO FOR SHOPPPING

•10.00PM-BACK TO HOTEL.

•9.30PM- HAVE DINNER AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 9 -18 FEB• 6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL• 8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.• 10.00AM-VISIT NARITA SAN TEMPLE.• 12.00NOON- HAVE LUNCH.• 3.00PM-VISIT OTODOME FALLSAND GO FOR SHOPPING.• 5.00PM- BACK TO HOTEL AND CHECK OUT THE HOTEL• 7.00PM- REACH TOKYO AIRPORT.• 8.30PM- DEPARTURE FROM TOKYO AIRPORT BY AIR CHINA.• 11.00PM-ARRIVAL IN BEIJING AIRPORT• 11.30PM-CHECK INTO IMPERIAL HOTEL AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 10 -19 FEB• 6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL

• 8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.

• 10.00AM-VISIT THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA.

• 12.00NOON- HAVE LUNCH.

• 1.00PM-VISIT SHAOLIN TEMPLE.

• 4.00PM- GO FOR SHOPPING.

• 8.00PM- BACK TO HOTEL.

• 8.30PM-HAVE DINNER AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 11 -20 FEB•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL

•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.

•10.00AM-VISIT XIAN.

•12.00NOON- HAVE LUNCH.

•2.00PM-VISIT DONGHAI BRIDGE.

•4.00PM-VISIT SHANGHAI SEA

•6.00PM- GO FOR SHOPPING.

•8.00PM- BACK TO HOTEL.

•8.30PM-HAVE DINNER AND TAKE REST.

•DAY 12 -21FEB

•6.00AM-WAKEUP CALL

•8.00AM-HAVE BREAKFAST.

•9.30AM-VISIT MT.HUANGSHAN.

•12.00NOON- HAVE LUNCH.

•1.00PM-VISIT FORBIDDEN CITY.

•3.00PM- GO FOR SHOPPING

•5.00PM- CHECK OUT THE HOTEL.

•6.30PM- DEPARTURE FROM BEIGING AIRPORT BY AIR INDIA

•10.00PM-ARRIVAL IN CHENNAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

• Import regulations::Import regulations::• Free import only by persons over 18 years of age:Free import only by persons over 18 years of age:

- 2 bottles of wine and 1 1/2 litre of spirits;- 2 bottles of wine and 1 1/2 litre of spirits;- 2 ounces of perfume and 1/4 litre of eau de toilette;- 2 ounces of perfume and 1/4 litre of eau de toilette;- travel souvenirs not intended for commercial use, up to the value of USD 250.-.- travel souvenirs not intended for commercial use, up to the value of USD 250.-.

• In case of members of a family travelling together, free import is in general only allowed for 2 members. Note: In case of members of a family travelling together, free import is in general only allowed for 2 members. Note: customs duty and other levies are applicable on all cigarette and tobacco products. Passengers are required to customs duty and other levies are applicable on all cigarette and tobacco products. Passengers are required to declare upon arrival valuable personal effects to ensure free export.declare upon arrival valuable personal effects to ensure free export.

• Prohibited:Prohibited:- dangerous drugs or narcotic substances;- dangerous drugs or narcotic substances;- pornographic or seditious materials;- pornographic or seditious materials;- any material ridiculing any religious belief. - any material ridiculing any religious belief.

• Restricted:Restricted:- fire arms, ammunitions, explosives and weapons;- fire arms, ammunitions, explosives and weapons;- plants, fruits, birds and their products;- plants, fruits, birds and their products;- pharmaceuticals and medicines, except for personal use;- pharmaceuticals and medicines, except for personal use;- goods for commercial or trade purposes, except trade samples.- goods for commercial or trade purposes, except trade samples.

• Export regulations::Export regulations::• Export of goods for personal use only are allowed.Export of goods for personal use only are allowed.• Prohibited:Prohibited:

- dangerous drugs or narcotic substances;- dangerous drugs or narcotic substances;- pornographic or seditious materials;- pornographic or seditious materials;- any material ridiculing any religious belief.- any material ridiculing any religious belief.

• Restricted:Restricted:- fire arms, ammunitions, explosives and weapons;- fire arms, ammunitions, explosives and weapons;- plants, fruits, birds and their products;- plants, fruits, birds and their products;- antiques;- antiques;- pharmaceuticals and medicines, except for personal use;- pharmaceuticals and medicines, except for personal use;- goods for commercial or trade purposes, except trade samples- goods for commercial or trade purposes, except trade samples

ImportsImports

• Dutiable, Controlled & Prohibited GoodsDutiable, Controlled & Prohibited Goods

Under Singapore laws, certain types of items are subject to the payment of duty before you can bring them into the Under Singapore laws, certain types of items are subject to the payment of duty before you can bring them into the country.country.

Dutiable GoodsDutiable Goods

Generally, there are 4 types of dutiable goods in Singapore as follows. For a full list of dutaible goods, please click Generally, there are 4 types of dutiable goods in Singapore as follows. For a full list of dutaible goods, please click here. here. Intoxicating liquors, including spirits, wine, beer, ale and stout; Intoxicating liquors, including spirits, wine, beer, ale and stout; Tobacco, including cigarettes and cigars; Tobacco, including cigarettes and cigars; Motor spirit; and Motor spirit; and Motor cars and motorcycles/motor scootersMotor cars and motorcycles/motor scooters

• Controlled GoodsControlled Goods

Certain goods are controlled and allowed entry into Singapore only when you produce the import permit or authorization from the Certain goods are controlled and allowed entry into Singapore only when you produce the import permit or authorization from the relevant authorities.relevant authorities.

Prohibited GoodsProhibited Goods

The following items are NOT allowed to be imported into Singapore: The following items are NOT allowed to be imported into Singapore: Chewing gum (except dental or nicotine gum) Chewing gum (except dental or nicotine gum) Chewing tobacco and imitation tobacco products Chewing tobacco and imitation tobacco products Cigarette lighters of pistol or revolver shape Cigarette lighters of pistol or revolver shape Controlled drugs and psychotropic substances Controlled drugs and psychotropic substances Endangered species of wildlife and their by-products Endangered species of wildlife and their by-products Firecrackers Firecrackers Obscene articles, publications, video tapes/discs and software Obscene articles, publications, video tapes/discs and software Reproduction of copyright publications, video tapes, video compact discs, laser discs, records or cassettes Reproduction of copyright publications, video tapes, video compact discs, laser discs, records or cassettes Seditious and treasonable materials Seditious and treasonable materials It is an offence if you attempt to bring any of the items listed above into SingaporeIt is an offence if you attempt to bring any of the items listed above into SingaporeConsumer electronicsConsumer electronics

• Information technology productsInformation technology products

• Petroleum productsPetroleum products

• PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals

• ChemicalsChemicals

• Import regulations::Import regulations::• Free import of: Free import of:

1. Tobacco products (for passengers 20 years of age or older):1. Tobacco products (for passengers 20 years of age or older): a. residents: a. residents:  - 200 cigarettes;  - 200 cigarettes;  - 50 cigars;  - 50 cigars;  - 250 grammes of tobacco;   - 250 grammes of tobacco;   - 250 grammes of a combination thereof;  - 250 grammes of a combination thereof;  - An additional equal quantity of Japanese made tobacco articles which were acquired duty free   - An additional equal quantity of Japanese made tobacco articles which were acquired duty free outside Japan, may be imported.outside Japan, may be imported. b. non-residents: twice the amounts in 1.a. above; b. non-residents: twice the amounts in 1.a. above;2. Alcohol (passengers 20 years or older): 3 bottles of alcoholic beverages (of about 0.750 litre  each).2. Alcohol (passengers 20 years or older): 3 bottles of alcoholic beverages (of about 0.750 litre  each).3. Perfume: 2 ounces.3. Perfume: 2 ounces.4. Gifts and souvenirs: up to JPY 200,000.-.4. Gifts and souvenirs: up to JPY 200,000.-.

Prohibited:Prohibited: 1. Firearms and ammunition. 1. Firearms and ammunition.     Import Allowed:Import Allowed: hunting guns, air guns and swords, provided holding a permit issued by the hunting guns, air guns and swords, provided holding a permit issued by the National Public Safety Commission;National Public Safety Commission;2. Narcotics.2. Narcotics.3. Obscene or inhuman films, materials, pictures, publications.3. Obscene or inhuman films, materials, pictures, publications.4. Counterfeit money.4. Counterfeit money.5. All plants and vegetables with soil.5. All plants and vegetables with soil.6. Most fresh fruits, vegetables, plants or parts of plants (vines, leaves, roots, etc.). 6. Most fresh fruits, vegetables, plants or parts of plants (vines, leaves, roots, etc.). 

•Export regulations::Export regulations::Free export (not for commercial purposes) of reasonable Free export (not for commercial purposes) of reasonable quantities of tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, perfume, quantities of tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, perfume, gifts, and other articles. Articles purchased tax-free in Japan gifts, and other articles. Articles purchased tax-free in Japan must be shown to the Customs at the airport/port of departure must be shown to the Customs at the airport/port of departure from Japan. from Japan.

• Exempt:Exempt:1. Baggage of transit passengers with a destination outside of Japan, 1. Baggage of transit passengers with a destination outside of Japan, provided the onward flight is within 24 hours.provided the onward flight is within 24 hours.2. Baggage of passengers transferring from a domestic flight to an 2. Baggage of passengers transferring from a domestic flight to an international flight, provided the first embarkation and the moment of international flight, provided the first embarkation and the moment of transfer are on the same calendar day. However, it is strongly advised to transfer are on the same calendar day. However, it is strongly advised to contact the carrier for more information about this possibility.contact the carrier for more information about this possibility.3. Arriving international passengers at Tokyo Narita with an immediate 3. Arriving international passengers at Tokyo Narita with an immediate connection on flights JL047 and JL053 to Nagoya, where baggage is connection on flights JL047 and JL053 to Nagoya, where baggage is cleared at Nagoya. cleared at Nagoya.

• Import regulations::Import regulations::

• Free import of:Free import of:1. cigarettes: 400 (if staying less than 6 months) or 600 (if staying 6 months or longer);1. cigarettes: 400 (if staying less than 6 months) or 600 (if staying 6 months or longer);2. two (if staying less than 6 months) or four (if staying 6 months or longer) bottles of alcoholic beverages (each 2. two (if staying less than 6 months) or four (if staying 6 months or longer) bottles of alcoholic beverages (each bottle not exceeding 75 centilitres);bottle not exceeding 75 centilitres);3. a reasonable quantity of perfume for personal use during stay in China. 3. a reasonable quantity of perfume for personal use during stay in China. Prohibited:Prohibited: 1. printed matter directed against the public order and the morality of China;1. printed matter directed against the public order and the morality of China;2. radio transmitters;2. radio transmitters;3. exposed but undeveloped films; and3. exposed but undeveloped films; and4. all fruits, tomatoes, egg plants and red peppers.4. all fruits, tomatoes, egg plants and red peppers.

• Free import by residents and non-residents with re-entry visa issued by any foreign country and carrying travel Free import by residents and non-residents with re-entry visa issued by any foreign country and carrying travel necessities not exceeding customs limitations: one video camera, one portable video recorder and one portable necessities not exceeding customs limitations: one video camera, one portable video recorder and one portable word processor. word processor.

• Export regulations::Export regulations::

• Free export of four cartons of tobacco products for personal use.Free export of four cartons of tobacco products for personal use.Additional information:Additional information: antiques should carry an authorisation seal or authorisation letter by the antiques should carry an authorisation seal or authorisation letter by the Department of Cultural Relics. A customs declaration obtained when entering China (People's Rep.) is Department of Cultural Relics. A customs declaration obtained when entering China (People's Rep.) is required in case the items will be re-exported. required in case the items will be re-exported.

• Baggage Clearance regulations::Baggage Clearance regulations::

• Baggage is cleared at the first airport of entry in China (People's Rep.).Baggage is cleared at the first airport of entry in China (People's Rep.).Exempt:Exempt: baggage of passengers in transit via Beijing, provided it is labeled to a destination outside of baggage of passengers in transit via Beijing, provided it is labeled to a destination outside of China, and the onward flight is within 24 hours.China, and the onward flight is within 24 hours.Passengers do not have to pick up their baggage by themselves as ground service staff will pick it up Passengers do not have to pick up their baggage by themselves as ground service staff will pick it up and deliver it to the baggage area of passenger's connecting flight. and deliver it to the baggage area of passenger's connecting flight.

• Exempt:Exempt: baggage of passengers in transit via Beijing, provided it is labeled to a baggage of passengers in transit via Beijing, provided it is labeled to a destination outside of China, and the onward flight is within 24 hours.destination outside of China, and the onward flight is within 24 hours.Passengers do not have to pick up their baggage by themselves as ground service Passengers do not have to pick up their baggage by themselves as ground service staff will pick it up and deliver it to the baggage area of passenger's connecting flight. staff will pick it up and deliver it to the baggage area of passenger's connecting flight.

• IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in to the International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in 1919, the year of the world's first international scheduled services. At 1919, the year of the world's first international scheduled services. At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has over 240 members from more than and North America. Today it has over 240 members from more than 140 nations in every part of the globe. 140 nations in every part of the globe.

• IATA publishes standards for use in the airline industry. The Bar Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP) IATA publishes standards for use in the airline industry. The Bar Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP) standard defines the 2-Dimensional (2D) bar code printed on paper boarding passes or sent to standard defines the 2-Dimensional (2D) bar code printed on paper boarding passes or sent to mobiles phones for electronic boarding passes.mobiles phones for electronic boarding passes.

• IATA publishes the IATA Rates of Exchange (IROE) four times per year, used with the Neutral IATA publishes the IATA Rates of Exchange (IROE) four times per year, used with the Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) fare currency-neutral construction system that superseded the older Unit of Construction (NUC) fare currency-neutral construction system that superseded the older Fare Construction Unit (FCU) system in 1989.Fare Construction Unit (FCU) system in 1989.

•The aims and objectives of IATA are to promote safe, The aims and objectives of IATA are to promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce and the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce and to provide the means for collaboration among the air to provide the means for collaboration among the air transport enterprisestransport enterprises

•The United Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations (UFTAA) The United Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations (UFTAA) emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents’ emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations created in Rome, Italy, on November 22nd, 1966. Associations created in Rome, Italy, on November 22nd, 1966. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organisations, FIAV and UOTAA, recognising the large world organisations, FIAV and UOTAA, recognising the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. international federation.

• To unite and reinforce National Association and Organisation of Travel Agents.To unite and reinforce National Association and Organisation of Travel Agents.• To act a sole representative of the travel agency profession at international and world wide countries .To act a sole representative of the travel agency profession at international and world wide countries .• To ensure the maximum possible cohesion ,prestige ,protection and development in the economic ,juridical and To ensure the maximum possible cohesion ,prestige ,protection and development in the economic ,juridical and

social sphere for the tourist sphere for the tourist trade economy social sphere for the tourist sphere for the tourist trade economy

•History

•The association had 44 founder members. Founder Lorrin Thurston. PATA’s first conference was held in 1952 and it’s headquarters established in San Francisco, U.S.A. in 1953. PATA has its own director for Europe who is based in London and works to promote the tourist traffic from the European markets to the pacific region. PATA’s first Asian office was opened in manila, Philippines in the year 1976.

• SPECIFIC OBJECTIVESSPECIFIC OBJECTIVES• PATA is a non-profit organization set up with the objective of promoting, developing and facilitating

travel to and within the pacific area region and the South-East Asia region including India. It primarily operated in the united States, which is the world’s largest tourism market. The organization provides the meeting point for all the people involved in the travel trade and all the activities related to it from a large number of countries. It focuses attention on the travel opportunities in the large number of member countries and builds up awareness and specific contacts among the travel trade in countries from where the tourists originate. It focuses attention on the travel opportunities in the large number of member countries and build up awareness and specific contacts among the travel trade in countries from where the tourists originate.

• The The ICAOICAO airport codeairport code or or location indicatorlocation indicator is a four-letter alphanumeric code is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. These codes are defined by the designating each airport around the world. These codes are defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization, and published in ICAO Document 7910: International Civil Aviation Organization, and published in ICAO Document 7910: Location IndicatorsLocation Indicators..

• The ICAO codes are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight The ICAO codes are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning. They are not the same as the IATA codes encountered by the general planning. They are not the same as the IATA codes encountered by the general public, which are used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage handling. For public, which are used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage handling. For example, travellers who use London's Heathrow Airport will most likely be familiar with example, travellers who use London's Heathrow Airport will most likely be familiar with its IATA code: LHR. The traveling public are less likely, however, to be familiar with the its IATA code: LHR. The traveling public are less likely, however, to be familiar with the ICAO code: EGLL.ICAO code: EGLL.

• Safety - Enhance global civil aviation safety Safety - Enhance global civil aviation safety • Security - Enhance global civil aviation security Security - Enhance global civil aviation security • Environmental Protection - Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the Environmental Protection - Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the

environment environment • Efficiency - Enhance the efficiency of aviation operations Efficiency - Enhance the efficiency of aviation operations • Continuity - Maintain the continuity of aviation operations Continuity - Maintain the continuity of aviation operations • Rule of Law - Strengthen law governing international civil aviation Rule of Law - Strengthen law governing international civil aviation

The document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois, by 52 signatory states. The document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois, by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947, the same date that ICAO came into being. In October of the same year, ICAO 1947, the same date that ICAO came into being. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, (ECOSOC). The Convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, 2000 and 2006). Links to all versions of the document can be found in 1975, 1980, 1997, 2000 and 2006). Links to all versions of the document can be found in the external links section.the external links section.

The original signed document resides in the National Archives of the United States.The original signed document resides in the National Archives of the United States.

• The Chicago Convention governs relations between states on technical as well as commercial The Chicago Convention governs relations between states on technical as well as commercial subjects connecting International Air Transport such as:subjects connecting International Air Transport such as:

• Flying over territory of contracting states (air service),Flying over territory of contracting states (air service),• Customs,Customs,• Rules of the air spread of disease,Rules of the air spread of disease,• Nationality of aircraft,Nationality of aircraft,• Facilitation (customs, accident investigation,etc…)Facilitation (customs, accident investigation,etc…)• Documents(recognitions of certificats&licences,etc.)Documents(recognitions of certificats&licences,etc.)• International standards and practices , including those for carriage of dangerous goods.International standards and practices , including those for carriage of dangerous goods.• Statistics,finance,technical assistance etc…Statistics,finance,technical assistance etc…

• Flying over territory of contracting states (air services),Flying over territory of contracting states (air services),

• Customs,Customs,

• Rules of the air spread of disease,Rules of the air spread of disease,

• Nationality of aircraft,Nationality of aircraft,

• Facilitation (customs , accident investigation, etc.)Facilitation (customs , accident investigation, etc.)

• International standards and practices ,including those for carriage of dangerous goods.International standards and practices ,including those for carriage of dangerous goods.

• Statistics ,finance, technical assistance etcStatistics ,finance, technical assistance etc

• The Warsaw Convention - and you could probably guess this first bit - was a convention that took The Warsaw Convention - and you could probably guess this first bit - was a convention that took place in Warsaw, on 12th October 1929. Experts in the field of Aviation Law, from thirty one place in Warsaw, on 12th October 1929. Experts in the field of Aviation Law, from thirty one nations, arrived in the Polish capital to create a legal framework that still binds international nations, arrived in the Polish capital to create a legal framework that still binds international aviation today (albeit modified, most notable at the Hague in 1955 and Montreal 1999). aviation today (albeit modified, most notable at the Hague in 1955 and Montreal 1999).

• The broad set forth in the Warshaw convention is ”the carrier is liable to the passenger, shipper The broad set forth in the Warshaw convention is ”the carrier is liable to the passenger, shipper or consignee ,unless it can prove that it has taken all necessary measures to avoid damage. The or consignee ,unless it can prove that it has taken all necessary measures to avoid damage. The burden of proof is thus shifted from the claimant , where it normally rests , and placed on the burden of proof is thus shifted from the claimant , where it normally rests , and placed on the carrier”.carrier”.

• Agreements such as the Hague Protocol and the Montreal Agreement increase the maximum Agreements such as the Hague Protocol and the Montreal Agreement increase the maximum liability of the airlineliability of the airline

• In particular, the Warsaw Convention:In particular, the Warsaw Convention:

• mandates carriers to issue passenger tickets; mandates carriers to issue passenger tickets;

• requires carriers to issue baggage checks for checked luggage; requires carriers to issue baggage checks for checked luggage;

• creates a limitation period of 2 years within which a claim must be brought (Article 29); and creates a limitation period of 2 years within which a claim must be brought (Article 29); and

• limits a carrier's liability to at most: limits a carrier's liability to at most:

– 250,000 Francs or 16,600 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) for personal injury; 250,000 Francs or 16,600 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) for personal injury;

– 17 SDR per kilogram for checked luggage and cargo, 17 SDR per kilogram for checked luggage and cargo,

– 5,000 Francs or 332 SDR for the hand luggage of a traveler. 5,000 Francs or 332 SDR for the hand luggage of a traveler.

• The The Convention on International Civil AviationConvention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the , also known as the Chicago Chicago ConventionConvention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a , established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft international air travel. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. The Convention also exempts air fuels from tax.The Convention also exempts air fuels from tax.

• IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor to the IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in 1919, the year of International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in 1919, the year of the world's first international scheduled services. At its founding, IATA had 57 the world's first international scheduled services. At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has over 240 members from more than 140 nations in every part of the globe. over 240 members from more than 140 nations in every part of the globe.

• IATA publishes standards for use in the airline industry. The Bar Coded Boarding Pass IATA publishes standards for use in the airline industry. The Bar Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP) standard defines the 2-Dimensional (2D) bar code printed on paper boarding (BCBP) standard defines the 2-Dimensional (2D) bar code printed on paper boarding passes or sent to mobiles phones for electronic boarding passes.passes or sent to mobiles phones for electronic boarding passes.

• IATA publishes the IATA Rates of Exchange (IROE) four times per year, used with the IATA publishes the IATA Rates of Exchange (IROE) four times per year, used with the Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) fare currency-neutral construction system that Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) fare currency-neutral construction system that superseded the older Fare Construction Unit (FCU) system in 1989.superseded the older Fare Construction Unit (FCU) system in 1989.

•The aims and objectives of IATA are to promote safe, regular and The aims and objectives of IATA are to promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce and to provide the means for collaboration among the foster air commerce and to provide the means for collaboration among the air transport enterprisesair transport enterprises

• The United Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations (UFTAA) The United Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations (UFTAA) emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents’ Associations created in Rome, Italy, on November 22nd, 1966. UFTAA was originally created in Rome, Italy, on November 22nd, 1966. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organisations, FIAV founded as a result of a merger of two large world organisations, FIAV and UOTAA, recognising the need to unify travel agencies and tour-and UOTAA, recognising the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. operators into one international federation. .   .  

• The Foundation Diploma is the first of the four levels of the IATA/UFTAA Career Path Training The Foundation Diploma is the first of the four levels of the IATA/UFTAA Career Path Training Programme. .It gives the participant a strong competitive edge to start a successful career in the Tourism Programme. .It gives the participant a strong competitive edge to start a successful career in the Tourism Industry. By studying this course and successfully completing the examination, you’ll be qualified with the Industry. By studying this course and successfully completing the examination, you’ll be qualified with the IATA/UFTAA International Travel & Tourism Foundation Diploma and entitled to use the letters DTTF after IATA/UFTAA International Travel & Tourism Foundation Diploma and entitled to use the letters DTTF after your name. your name.

•To unite and reinforce National Association and Organization of To unite and reinforce National Association and Organization of Travel Agents.Travel Agents.

•To act a sole representative of the travel agency profession at To act a sole representative of the travel agency profession at international and world wide countries .international and world wide countries .

•To ensure the maximum possible cohesion ,prestige ,protection To ensure the maximum possible cohesion ,prestige ,protection and development in the economic ,juridical and social sphere and development in the economic ,juridical and social sphere for the tourist sphere for the tourist trade economy for the tourist sphere for the tourist trade economy

•HOW THE ORGANIZATIONS HOW THE ORGANIZATIONS HELPS?HELPS?

•These organization undergoes the rules and operates with safe These organization undergoes the rules and operates with safe and security .It also provides the passenger many services.and security .It also provides the passenger many services.

•These organization are being in relationship with the passenger These organization are being in relationship with the passenger and the cargo agencies .and the cargo agencies .

•Many industrialist and the businessmen undergoes the good Many industrialist and the businessmen undergoes the good relationship to those peoples.relationship to those peoples.

• The passengers can reach their designated place within their achieved time.The passengers can reach their designated place within their achieved time.

• The passengers can easily reserve their tickets by making a call and they can be reserve their The passengers can easily reserve their tickets by making a call and they can be reserve their tickets in their achieved airline . tickets in their achieved airline .

• The passengers can know about the information of the foreign countries easily and they can know The passengers can know about the information of the foreign countries easily and they can know about in foreign countries what documents must be given. This can be helped by the organization.about in foreign countries what documents must be given. This can be helped by the organization.

• The organization always keep touch with the passengers easily.The organization always keep touch with the passengers easily.

•The airline cost would lead to be very high. The airline cost would lead to be very high. •There will no fare limit and rules. There will no fare limit and rules. •The passengers cant easily reach their destination place within time.The passengers cant easily reach their destination place within time.•The work of the business man will get trouble.The work of the business man will get trouble.•We cant see any countries easily.We cant see any countries easily.•There is no anyone to guide us .There is no anyone to guide us .•The entire world would be in economic problemThe entire world would be in economic problem

The tourist spots are

•GREECE

•ITALY

•FRANCE

•NORWAY

GREECEGREECE

MAP OF GREECEMAP OF GREECE

FLAG OF BRAZILFLAG OF BRAZIL

History of GreeceHistory of Greece

• The first evidence of human life in Greece dates back to the Palaeolithic period between 120,000-10,000 B.C. The first evidence of human life in Greece dates back to the Palaeolithic period between 120,000-10,000 B.C. However, it was not until the Neolithic period dated approximately 7,000 - 3,000 B.C. that Greek civilisation grew and However, it was not until the Neolithic period dated approximately 7,000 - 3,000 B.C. that Greek civilisation grew and flourished. Many remains of settlements and burial chambers of this period have been discovered in Thessaly, flourished. Many remains of settlements and burial chambers of this period have been discovered in Thessaly, Macedonia and the Peloponnese. The first urban centres appeared during the Bronze Age (3,000-1100 B.C.) Evidence Macedonia and the Peloponnese. The first urban centres appeared during the Bronze Age (3,000-1100 B.C.) Evidence of these have been found all over modern day Greece, for example, in some North Eastern Aegean islands, the of these have been found all over modern day Greece, for example, in some North Eastern Aegean islands, the Cycladic islands, Crete and the Greek mainland. Cycladic islands, Crete and the Greek mainland.

DETAILS OF GREECEDETAILS OF GREECE

• Population: 11,262,000Population: 11,262,000[1][1] (2008 est.) (2008 est.)

• Growth rate: 0.146% (2008 est.) Growth rate: 0.146% (2008 est.)

• Birth rate: 9.54 births/1,000Birth rate: 9.54 births/1,000population (2008 est.)population (2008 est.)

• Death rate: 10.42 deaths/1,000Death rate: 10.42 deaths/1,000population (2008 est.) population (2008 est.)

• Life expectancy: 79.52 (2008 est.)Life expectancy: 79.52 (2008 est.)

• Nationality: Nationality: nounnoun: Greek(s) : Greek(s) adjectiveadjective: Greek : Greek

• Major ethnic: Greeks Minor ethnic: Albanians, Bulgarians, Georgians, Romanians, Russians, Major ethnic: Greeks Minor ethnic: Albanians, Bulgarians, Georgians, Romanians, Russians, [2][2]Roma/Gypsies, Roma/Gypsies, Turks, Pomaks.Turks, Pomaks.

• Language: Official: Greek Spoken: Greek, Albanian, Turkish, Bulgarian, Georgian, Romanian, Russian, Arvanitika, Language: Official: Greek Spoken: Greek, Albanian, Turkish, Bulgarian, Georgian, Romanian, Russian, Arvanitika, Aromanian, Slavic 1.36 children born/woman (2008 est.)Aromanian, Slavic 1.36 children born/woman (2008 est.)

The tourist spots areThe tourist spots are

• LYCOVITTAS HILLSLYCOVITTAS HILLS

• RED BEACHRED BEACH

• TOWER OF THE WINDSTOWER OF THE WINDS

• DELPHIDELPHI

• ATHENIAN AGERAATHENIAN AGERA

History of Lycovittas hillsHistory of Lycovittas hills

• Mount LycabettusMount Lycabettus is a Cretaceous limestone hill in Athens, Greece. At 277 meters (908 feet) above sea level, the hill (also known is a Cretaceous limestone hill in Athens, Greece. At 277 meters (908 feet) above sea level, the hill (also known as Lycabettos or Lykabettos) is the highest point in the city that surrounds it. Pine trees cover its base, and at its peak are the 19th as Lycabettos or Lykabettos) is the highest point in the city that surrounds it. Pine trees cover its base, and at its peak are the 19th century Chapel of St.George, a theatre, and a restaurant.century Chapel of St.George, a theatre, and a restaurant.

• The hill is a popular tourist destination and can be ascended by the Lycabettus Funicular, a funicular railway which climbs the hill The hill is a popular tourist destination and can be ascended by the Lycabettus Funicular, a funicular railway which climbs the hill from a lower terminus at Kolonaki.(The railway station can be found at Aristippou street). Lycabettus appears in various legends. from a lower terminus at Kolonaki.(The railway station can be found at Aristippou street). Lycabettus appears in various legends. Popular stories suggest it was once the refuge of wolves, possibly the origin of its name (which means "the one (the hill) that is Popular stories suggest it was once the refuge of wolves, possibly the origin of its name (which means "the one (the hill) that is walked by wolves"). Mythologically, Lycabettus is credited to Athena, who created it when she dropped a mountain she had been walked by wolves"). Mythologically, Lycabettus is credited to Athena, who created it when she dropped a mountain she had been carrying from Pallene for the construction of the Acropolis after the box holding Erichthonius was opened.carrying from Pallene for the construction of the Acropolis after the box holding Erichthonius was opened.

RED BEACHRED BEACH

• Red beach in the Akrotiri area. Beautiful beach, well known for the unique colour of the sand and the Red beach in the Akrotiri area. Beautiful beach, well known for the unique colour of the sand and the hill behind it. Soaring red lava cliffs which drop right to the sandy shore and into the clear blue sea, hill behind it. Soaring red lava cliffs which drop right to the sandy shore and into the clear blue sea, make for a majestic setting and one to enjoy. The beach can be reached either by boat (there are make for a majestic setting and one to enjoy. The beach can be reached either by boat (there are several connecting Red Beach with Perissa and Akrotiri or by foot (10 minutes walk from Akrotiri, you several connecting Red Beach with Perissa and Akrotiri or by foot (10 minutes walk from Akrotiri, you have to reach Agios Nikolaos church in Akrotiri next to the excavations area). We suggest to include have to reach Agios Nikolaos church in Akrotiri next to the excavations area). We suggest to include Red beach into your itenerary.Red beach into your itenerary.

TOWER OF THE BEACHTOWER OF THE BEACH

• Wreck BeachWreck Beach is one of the largest, most popular, and most acclaimed clothing-optional beaches in the world. It is in Pacific Spirit Regional Park, is one of the largest, most popular, and most acclaimed clothing-optional beaches in the world. It is in Pacific Spirit Regional Park, which is in turn part of the University Endowment Lands just west of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The clothing-optional section is clearly which is in turn part of the University Endowment Lands just west of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The clothing-optional section is clearly marked with signs and stretches approximately 6.5 km from Acadia Beach, in the north, to the Booming Grounds Creek on the north arm of the marked with signs and stretches approximately 6.5 km from Acadia Beach, in the north, to the Booming Grounds Creek on the north arm of the Fraser River. The park is administered by the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), though aboriginal claims are repeatedly asserted, Fraser River. The park is administered by the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), though aboriginal claims are repeatedly asserted, especially by the Musqueam.especially by the Musqueam.

DELPHI

• Delphi and dialectal is both an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in the valley of Phocis. Delphi was the site of the Delphic oracle, the most important oracle in the classical Greek world, when it was a major site for the worship of the god Apollo after he slew the Python, a deity who lived there and protected the navel of the Earth. His sacred precinct in Delphi was a panhellenic sanctuary, where every four years athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the Pythian Games, one of the four panhellenic (or stephanitic) games, precursors to the Modern Olympics.

ATHENIAN AGORAATHENIAN AGORA

• The agora in Athens had private housing, until it was reorganized by Peisistratus in the 6th century BC. Although he The agora in Athens had private housing, until it was reorganized by Peisistratus in the 6th century BC. Although he may have lived on the agora himself, he removed the other houses, closed wells, and made it the centre of Athenian may have lived on the agora himself, he removed the other houses, closed wells, and made it the centre of Athenian government. He also built a drainage system, fountains and a temple to the Olympian gods. Cimon later improved the government. He also built a drainage system, fountains and a temple to the Olympian gods. Cimon later improved the agora by constructing new buildings and planting trees. In the 5th century BC there were temples constructed to agora by constructing new buildings and planting trees. In the 5th century BC there were temples constructed to Hephaestus, Zeus and Apollo.Hephaestus, Zeus and Apollo.

Map of ItalyMap of Italy

Flag of ItalyFlag of Italy

History of ItalyHistory of Italy

• ItalyItaly, united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area. Important cultures and civilizations have , united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area. Important cultures and civilizations have existed there since prehistoric times.existed there since prehistoric times.

• Culturally and linguistically, the origins of Italian history can be traced back to the 9th century BC, when earliest accounts date the presence of Italic tribes in modern Culturally and linguistically, the origins of Italian history can be traced back to the 9th century BC, when earliest accounts date the presence of Italic tribes in modern central Italy. Linguistically they are divided into Oscans , Umbrians and Latins. Later the Latin culture became dominant, as Rome emerged as dominant city around central Italy. Linguistically they are divided into Oscans , Umbrians and Latins. Later the Latin culture became dominant, as Rome emerged as dominant city around 350 BC. Other pre-Roman civilizations include Magna Graecia in Southern Italy and the earlier Etruscan civilization, which flourished between 900 and 100 BC in the 350 BC. Other pre-Roman civilizations include Magna Graecia in Southern Italy and the earlier Etruscan civilization, which flourished between 900 and 100 BC in the Center North.Center North.

The Sistine chapelThe Sistine chapel

• Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel (Italian: (Italian: Cappella SistinaCappella Sistina) is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. Its fame rests on its ) is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. Its fame rests on its architecture, evocative of Solomon's Temple of the Old Testament and on its decoration which has been frescoed throughout by the greatest Renaissance artists architecture, evocative of Solomon's Temple of the Old Testament and on its decoration which has been frescoed throughout by the greatest Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, and Sandro Botticelli. Under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted 12,000 square feet (1,100 mincluding Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, and Sandro Botticelli. Under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted 12,000 square feet (1,100 m 22) of the ) of the chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512. He resented the commission, and believed his work only served the Pope's need for grandeur. However, today the ceiling, and chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512. He resented the commission, and believed his work only served the Pope's need for grandeur. However, today the ceiling, and especially especially The Last JudgementThe Last Judgement, are widely believed to be Michelangelo's crowning achievements in painting., are widely believed to be Michelangelo's crowning achievements in painting.

The Vatican gardenThe Vatican garden

• The Vatican Gardens have been a place of quiet and meditation for the Popes ever since 1279 when Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277-1280) moved his The Vatican Gardens have been a place of quiet and meditation for the Popes ever since 1279 when Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277-1280) moved his residence back to the Vatican from the Lateran Palace. Within the new walls, which he had built to protect his residence, he planted an orchard (pomerium), a lawn residence back to the Vatican from the Lateran Palace. Within the new walls, which he had built to protect his residence, he planted an orchard (pomerium), a lawn (pratellum) and a garden (viridarium). The event is recorded among other places on a stone plaque which can be viewed in the “Sala dei Capitani” of the “Palazzo dei (pratellum) and a garden (viridarium). The event is recorded among other places on a stone plaque which can be viewed in the “Sala dei Capitani” of the “Palazzo dei Conservatori” on Rome’s Capitoline Hill. Created around the hill of Saint Egidio where today can be found the “Palazzetto del Belvedere” building and the courtyards of Conservatori” on Rome’s Capitoline Hill. Created around the hill of Saint Egidio where today can be found the “Palazzetto del Belvedere” building and the courtyards of the Vatican Museums, this was to be the first Garden in the Vaticanthe Vatican Museums, this was to be the first Garden in the Vatican

The Grand canal in VeniceThe Grand canal in Venice

• The The Grand CanalGrand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande, Venetian: Canałasso) is a canal in Venice, Italy. It forms one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city. (Italian: Canal Grande, Venetian: Canałasso) is a canal in Venice, Italy. It forms one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city. Public transport is provided by water buses and private water taxis, but many tourists visit it by gondola. At one end the canal leads into the lagoon Public transport is provided by water buses and private water taxis, but many tourists visit it by gondola. At one end the canal leads into the lagoon near Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into Saint Mark Basin: in between it makes a large S-shape through the central districts near Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into Saint Mark Basin: in between it makes a large S-shape through the central districts ("sestieri") of Venice. It is 3,800 m long, 30-90 m wide, with an average depth of five meters.("sestieri") of Venice. It is 3,800 m long, 30-90 m wide, with an average depth of five meters.

The PantheonThe Pantheon

• The The PantheonPantheon (pronounced /pænˈθiː.ən/ or /ˈpænθi.ən/, (pronounced /pænˈθiː.ən/ or /ˈpænθi.ən/, [1][1] Latin: Latin: PantheonPantheonfrom Greek: Πάνθεον, meaning "Every god") is a building in Rome, originally built by Marcus from Greek: Πάνθεον, meaning "Every god") is a building in Rome, originally built by Marcus Agrippa as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt in the early 2nd century AD. The intended degree of inclusiveness of this dedication is debated. The Agrippa as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt in the early 2nd century AD. The intended degree of inclusiveness of this dedication is debated. The generic term generic term pantheonpantheon is now applied to a monument in which illustrious dead are buried. It is one of the best preserved of all Roman buildings. It has been in is now applied to a monument in which illustrious dead are buried. It is one of the best preserved of all Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history. Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs". The continuous use throughout its history. Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs". The Pantheon is the oldest large-scale dome in Rome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 metres (142 ft).Pantheon is the oldest large-scale dome in Rome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 metres (142 ft). [2][2]

History of Norway

• . History of human settlement in what is present day Norway goes back at least 11,000 years, to the late Paleolithic. Archaeological finds in the county of Møre og Romsdal have been dated to 9,200 BCE and are probably the remains of settlers from Doggerland, an area now submerged in the North Sea, but at the time a landbridge that connected the present day British Isles with Jutland. The Fosna-Hensbacka culture inhabited parts of Norway about 8,300 BCE to 7,300 BCE. Petroglyphs dating from the Neolithic Age (in Norway 4,000 BCE to 1,800 BCE) show scenes of hunter-gatherers. More permanent settlements developed during the Bronze Age (1,800 BCE to 400 BCE) and Iron Age. The earliest runes that have been found were inscribed on an arrowhead dating from about 200 AD. Many more inscriptions appear until 800 AD. Apparently, the small kingdoms developed during these centuries.

• The period from 800–1066 saw significant expansion, and is referred to as the Viking age. During this period, Norwegians, as well as Swedes and Danes, traveled abroad on longships, as raiders, explorers, settlers and traders. By the middle of the 11th century, the Norwegian kingdom was firmly established, although there was still only a very rudimentary administrative framework.

Kristiansand ZooKristiansand Zoo

• KristiansandKristiansand (formerly "Christianssand") is a city, municipality and the county capital of Vest-Agder (formerly "Christianssand") is a city, municipality and the county capital of Vest-Agder country in Southern Norway. Kristiansand municipality is the 6th largest in Norway with a population of country in Southern Norway. Kristiansand municipality is the 6th largest in Norway with a population of 78,919 as of 1 January 2008. The Kristiansand urban area, entirely located in the municipality, had a 78,919 as of 1 January 2008. The Kristiansand urban area, entirely located in the municipality, had a population of 64,930 on 1 January 2006, and is thus the 8th largest urban area in Norway.population of 64,930 on 1 January 2006, and is thus the 8th largest urban area in Norway.

Holmenkollen ski jumpHolmenkollen ski jump

• The The Holmenkollen ski jumpHolmenkollen ski jump, located in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway, is host to the world's second oldest , located in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway, is host to the world's second oldest ski jump competition still in existence (the oldest being hosted by a small, local club named Medicinernes ski jump competition still in existence (the oldest being hosted by a small, local club named Medicinernes Skiklub Svartor in nearby Seterkollen).Skiklub Svartor in nearby Seterkollen).

• Since then the capacity of the stands have been increased to over 50,000 people and the jump has been Since then the capacity of the stands have been increased to over 50,000 people and the jump has been extended 18 times, last time in 1982. Today's tower extends 60 meters above ground, and 417 metres extended 18 times, last time in 1982. Today's tower extends 60 meters above ground, and 417 metres above sea level. The current record of 136 meters was achieved by Tommy Ingebrigtsen of Norway on above sea level. The current record of 136 meters was achieved by Tommy Ingebrigtsen of Norway on January 25, 2006.January 25, 2006.

• Crown Prince Olav participated in 1922 and 1923. Every year, more than a million tourists visit the ski Crown Prince Olav participated in 1922 and 1923. Every year, more than a million tourists visit the ski arena. The tower offers a panoramic view of Oslo and the Oslofjord.arena. The tower offers a panoramic view of Oslo and the Oslofjord.

Holmenkollen ski jumpHolmenkollen ski jump

•

Fløibanen

• Fløibanen is a funicular in Bergen, Norway which runs up the mountain of Fløyen. It is one of Bergen's major tourist attractions and one of Norway's most visited attractions. Over 1 million passengers a year have used it over the past few years. Fløibanen was officially opened on 15 January 1918. The idea to build transport to Fløyen was put forward in 1895 by John Lund, a member of the Norwegian legislature. Work to build Fløibanen started in 1914. The line was ready in 1918. Today the company is owned 44% by the municipality of Bergen, the rest spread on various private interests. A certain percentage of the yearly profits are invested to finance the next generation of cars, this will likely happen sometime after year 2030. The cars and machinery were last totally renewed in September-November 2002.

Bryggen

• The Bryggen inscriptions are a find of some 670 medieval runic inscriptions on wood (mostly pine) and bone found from 1955 and forth at Bryggen (and its surroundings) in Bergen, Norway. It has been called the most important runic find in the twentieth century. Before the find of these inscriptions, there was doubt whether the runes were ever used for anything else than inscriptions of names and solemn phrases. The Bryggen find showed the everyday use that runes had in this area, and presumably in other parts of Scandinavia as well. Another important aspect of the find was that many of the inscriptions were obviously at least as young as the 14th century. Previously it was believed that the use of runes in Norway had died out long before. Since these findings, many more runic inscriptions of this type have been found in Norway.

Bryggen

History of Spain

• Spain or the Kingdom of Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. With an area of 504,030 km², Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France

• Because of its location, the territory of Spain was subject to many external influences, often simultaneously, since prehistoric times and through the dawn of Spain as a country. Conversely, the country itself has been an important source of influence to other regions, chiefly during the Modern Era, when it became a global empire that has left a legacy of over 400 million Spanish speakers today.

Tenerife

• Tenerife, a Spanish island, is the largest of the seven Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. Tenerife has an area of 2034.38 square kilometers, and 886,033 inhabitants, which make it the most populated island of the Canary Islands and Spain. It also has the metropolitan area most densely populated of the Canary Islands to 1156.33 m/km ² (Santa Cruz de Tenerife-La Laguna).

• Santa Cruz de Tenerife is the capital of the island and the head of the island council (cabildo insular). It is the second largest city in the Canary Islands after Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and is capital of the autonomous community of the Canary Islands alongside that city, sharing governmental institutions such as Presidency and ministries.

• The island is home to La Laguna University, which was founded in 1792. La Laguna (World Heritage Site) is the second city of the island and the third one of the archipelago. El Teide is also a World Heritage Site.

Tenerife

Tenerife seashore

Lloret de Mar

• Lloret de Mar is a Mediterranean coastal town in Catalonia and one of the most popular holiday resorts on the Costa Brava. It is 40 kilometres from Girona and 75 kilometres from Barcelona and therefore easily accessible. With a population of 37,734 (as of 2008) it is the second largest town in the Selva comarca (county) of Catalonia.

• Lloret de Mar Coat of ArmsLocation General informationProvinceGirona ComarcaSelvaDemonymLloretenc, lloretencaLand Area48.71 km²Altitude5 m AMsLPopulation37,734 (2008)Density774.7 cat./km²MayorXavier Crespo i Llobet For decades Lloret de Mar has attracted summer visitors on package tours and is considered as one of the most important resorts on the Costa Brava. Lloret de Mar's main beach (length: 1,630 m; width: 45 m; white sand) is one of the most popular Costa Brava beaches and is consistently awarded the Blue Flag for cleanliness.

• Lloret’s nightlife attracts an 18-30s crowd mainly from the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Portugal, Germany, Luxembourg, Italy, The Netherlands, Denmark and other, mostly European, countries

Lloret de Mar at night

Picos de Europa National Park

• The Picos de Europa (literally: "Peaks of Europe") is a range of mountains some 20 km inland from the northern coast of Spain, located in the Autonomous Communities of Asturias, Cantabria and Castile and León, forming part of the Cantabrian Mountains. The most widely-accepted origin for the name is that they were the first sight of Europe for the ships arriving from America

The Picos de Europa National Park in the Green Spain.

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada

• The Alhambra = ("the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the Moorish rulers of Granada in southern Spain (known as Al-Andalus when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of Granaa.

• Once the residence of the Muslim rulers of Granada and their court, the Alhambra is now one of Spain's major tourist attractions exhibiting the country's most famous Islamic architecture, together with Christian 16th century and later interventions in buildings and gardens that marked its image as it can be seen today. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1527.

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada

One Of The Lakes Of Covadonga In National Park

PASSPORT AND VISAS

• Passport & Visas:Passport & Visas:

• Passports & visas not required by following:Passports & visas not required by following: Holders of National Identity Cards issued to nationals of Schengen countries that is: Holders of National Identity Cards issued to nationals of Schengen countries that is:

• Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom do not require a passport or visa to visit any countries among Schengen countries.

• Indians require passport & only one Schengen visa to visit all Schengen countries.

• Passport validity:Passport validity:

• Where a visa is required, passports must be valid for 3 months beyond validity of visaWhere a visa is required, passports must be valid for 3 months beyond validity of visa..

Health check

•Compulsory vaccinations: None.Compulsory vaccinations: None.•Recommended immunizations: Hepatitis A, tick-borne encephalitisRecommended immunizations: Hepatitis A, tick-borne encephalitisrecommended in some circumstances for travelers making 3 or more visits per year, stays of recommended in some circumstances for travelers making 3 or more visits per year, stays of more than 3 months in a rural area.more than 3 months in a rural area.

Travel insuranceTravel insurance

•Travel insurance is mandatory for all non EU countries

Import & Export Regulations

•Perfume - Reasonable for personal use

•Cameras - 2 still / 1 movie or video

•Film - Reasonable for personal use

•Currency - No restrictions

•Tobacco - 800 cigarettes or 400 cigarillos or 200 cigars or 1000 grams of tobacco

•Liquor - 10 liters of spirits or liquor with an alcohol content exceeding 22% by volume, 90 liters of wine (including 60 liters of sparkling wine) , 20 liters of intermediate products (such as fortified wine) , 110 liters of beer.

•The tobacco and alcohol allowances are granted only to those 17 years of age. Wine in excess of the above allowances imported for personal consumption will be taxed at an overall rate of 15% •Although there are no legal limits imposed on importing duty-paid tobacco and alcoholic products from one EU country to the another, travelers may be questioned at customs if they exceed the above amounts and may be asked to prove that the goods are for personal use only.

TASK-5

1.IATA are safe and guides the passenger with care and concern.

2.There is an good guidance throughout the airline industry.

3.There is an best rules and regulations in this airline industry.

4.The fare construction is best in IATA . So IATA is the best organization.

• IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor to IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in 1919, the International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in 1919, the year of the world's first international scheduled services. At its the year of the world's first international scheduled services. At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has over 240 members from more than 140 North America. Today it has over 240 members from more than 140 nations in every part of the globe.nations in every part of the globe.

• IATA publishes standards for use in the airline industry. The Bar IATA publishes standards for use in the airline industry. The Bar Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP) standard defines the 2-Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP) standard defines the 2-Dimensional (2D) bar code printed on paper boarding passes or Dimensional (2D) bar code printed on paper boarding passes or sent to mobiles phones for electronic boarding passes.sent to mobiles phones for electronic boarding passes.

• IATA publishes the IATA Rates of Exchange (IROE) four times per IATA publishes the IATA Rates of Exchange (IROE) four times per year, used with the Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) fare year, used with the Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC) fare currency-neutral construction system that superseded the older currency-neutral construction system that superseded the older Fare Construction Unit (FCU) system in 1989.Fare Construction Unit (FCU) system in 1989.

•The aims and objectives of IATA are to promote safe, regular and The aims and objectives of IATA are to promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce and to provide the means for world, to foster air commerce and to provide the means for collaboration among the air transport enterprisescollaboration among the air transport enterprises

•WWW. WIKEPEDIA.COMWWW. WIKEPEDIA.COM

•WWW.IATA.COMWWW.IATA.COM

•WWW.PATA.COMWWW.PATA.COM

•WWW.ICAO.COMWWW.ICAO.COM

•WWW.PLACESONLINE.COMWWW.PLACESONLINE.COM

•WWW.FIATMODULE.COM.WWW.FIATMODULE.COM.

This project on air travel management have improved my knowledge in travel industry. This project on air travel management have improved my knowledge in travel industry. I had lots of fun and enjoyment while doing this project . I have learnt about many I had lots of fun and enjoyment while doing this project . I have learnt about many countries by doing this project countries by doing this project

I hereby assure that this project on air travel industry is done by I hereby assure that this project on air travel industry is done by me.me.

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