DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Syllabus: Spring 2016

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DHP D283m

US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall Dr. Klaus Scharioth, Professor of Practice at the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy Second Half of Spring Semester 2016

Tuesdays, 05:30 – 08:00 PM

Class location: Crowe Room

Office Hours:* Wednesdays, 02:00 - 05:00 PM Office location: Mugar 129d (in the Fares Center) Klaus.Scharioth@tufts.edu (617) 627-6584

*Office Hours sign-up sheets will be posted weekly on Monday morning outside Mugar 129d.

Course Assistant: For all other questions regarding the course, please contact Kai Keller: kai.keller@tufts.edu. Timeline: The seminar meets six times between March 15 and April 26. In addition, there will be a required simulation exercise, the date of which is to be determined.

Course description: The seminar examines U.S.-European relations since a peaceful revolution brought down the Berlin Wall in November 1989. The seminar looks at various common challenges in the period thereafter and how they were dealt with, both from the U.S. and the European perspective: the unification of Germany, the enlargement of NATO, NATO/Russia, Russia/Ukraine, 9/11 and the threat of violent extremism, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria/ISIS, Iran and nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, the dilemma of security vs privacy, as well as TTIP among others. The emphasis is on practical skills rather than theory. Students will practice to write short memos for political leaders and to give very short oral presentations. Please note that this is a laptop free course.

Instructor:

Klaus Scharioth is Professor of Practice at the Fletcher School and Dean of the Mercator

College for International Affairs in Berlin. He was a member of the German Foreign Service

for more than 35 years. He witnessed the cases discussed in the seminar in different

positions, among them: Director of the Private Office of the NATO Secretary General, Head

of the Office of the German Foreign Minister, Political Director of the German Foreign

Office, State Secretary as well as German Ambassador to the United States. He is also a

Senior Non-Resident Fellow of the Transatlantic Academy in Washington, D.C. and a

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Syllabus: Spring 2016

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member of the European Council on Foreign Relations.

Organization:

The course is taught as a seminar. The teaching method will be based primarily on class

discussions rather than lectures. Students are required to complete all assigned readings in

advance of each seminar session and are expected to take an active part in a substantive

discussion of the issues. Attendance is mandatory.

Writing and presentation requirements:

Throughout sessions 2-6, students will be assigned to write two short (3 pages maximum, 1

½ spaced) political action memos for a US or European leader of their choice. In addition,

students will also be responsible for giving two short oral presentations on the topics

discussed during those sessions. The two written memos and the two oral presentations

shall be on four different topics.

The 3-page political action memos shall consist of three parts:

Brief description of the situation/problem

What are the options available?

What is the recommended action (or non-action) and why?

The political action memos for sessions 2-6 are due in hardcopy to Professor Scharioth (Mugar 129d) by no later than 4pm on the Monday before the class on the selected topic.

The two oral presentations shall be - in consultation with the TA – one short introduction

(Type A Presentation) of the situation/problem discussed that particular day and one short

oral advice (Type B Presentation) intended for a US or European leader along the same lines

as described above for political action memos. The Type A: Introduction shall be between 90

seconds and two minutes in length and will be given at the beginning of the discussion on

the selected topic. The Type B: Oral Advice shall not exceed three minutes and will be given

at the conclusion of the discussion on the topic.

During the simulation exercise, the seminar will be divided into small teams of US or

European negotiators, discussing one current or strategic issue at a model US-European

meeting. Each US and European team will present to the other side their analysis of the

problem and their recommendation for a common US-European position. Both sides will

then try to find out if there is common ground and to what extent. The meeting will be

concluded with a short joint press conference, where the results are communicated to the

public. A single grade will be assigned to each team, to be determined by the quality of the

presentation, its persuasiveness, the skill in defending the recommended course of action in

the negotiation with the other side and in presenting the result in the joint press

conference.

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Syllabus: Spring 2016

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Grading:

Grades will be determined in the following manner:

Class participation: 20% Two written memos for political leaders: 40% Two oral presentations: 20% Presentation and discussion of a current or strategic issue as a member of a small US

or European negotiation team: 20% There will be no final exam.

Course structure and readings:

Session 1 - March 15:

1. Introduction

The Structure of Transatlantic Relations during the Cold War

Turning Point 1989 – what happened and why

2. The Two-Plus-Four Process and its Consequences for the European Peace Order

Required Readings:

Kennan, George, (“Mr. X”), The Sources of Soviet Conduct, in Foreign Affairs, July

1947

Young, John W., Western Europe and the end of the Cold War, 1979–1989, in The

Cambridge History of the Cold War; Volume 3, pp. 289-310, 2010

Lawson, George, Armbruster, Chris and Cox, Michael, The Global 1989 –

Continuity and Change in World Politics, Part II, Chapter 4, Michael Cox,

Transatlantic relations in the shadow of the Cold War, pp. 97-111, 2010

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, September 12,1990

Zoellick, Robert B., Two Plus Four: The Lessons of German Unification, in

National Interest, Fall 2000

Kusters, Hanns Jurgen, The Kohl-Gorbachev Meetings in Moscow and in the

Caucasus, 1990, in Cold War History, January 2002

Blackwill, Robert D., German Unification and American Diplomacy, in

Aussenpolitik, July 1994

Optional Readings:

Cox, Michael, Introduction: The transatlantic relationship - The marriage without

end, in European Political Science, 10 (1), 2011

Rice, Condoleezza and Zelikow, Philip, Germany Unified and Europe

Transformed, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997

Kissinger, Henry, Diplomacy, Simon & Schuster (New York, 1994)

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Session 2 - March 29:

3. The Transatlantic Debate about European Security and Defense Policy

4. The Opening of NATO for New Members and the NATO/Russia Founding Act

5. Russia/Ukraine: Is Russia Abandoning the Jointly Established European Peace Order?

Required Readings:

Scharioth, Klaus, Making ESDP strong will strengthen NATO and the

Transatlantic Partnership, in The EU’s Search for a Strategic Role - ESDP and Its

Implications for Transatlantic Relations, Esther Brimmer (ed.), Washington, DC,

Center for Transatlantic Relations, pp. 165-174, 2002

Larrabee, Stephan, Asmus, Ronald and Kugler, Richard, Building A New NATO, in

Foreign Affairs, September/October 1993

Talbott, Strobe, Why NATO Should Grow, in New York Review of Books, July 1995

Brown, Michael E., The Flawed Logic of NATO Expansion, in Survival, Spring 1995

Minsk agreement on Ukraine crisis: text in full. The Telegraph, February 12,

2015, accessible online at

www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11408266/Minsk‐agree

ment-on-Ukraine‐crisis-text-in‐full.html

Putin, Vladimir, Speech at the Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion

Club, October 25, 2014 , accessible online at http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/23137

Rühle, Michael, NATO enlargement and Russia: myths and realities, NATO

Review, 2014, accessible online at

http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2014/russia-ukraine-nato-

crisis/nato-enlargement-russia/en/index.htm

Mersheimer, John J, Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal

Delusions That Provoked Putin, Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014,

accessible online at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-

fsu/2014-08-18/why-ukraine-crisis-west-s-fault

Krastev, Ivan and Leonard, Mark, The new European disorder, European Council

on Foreign Relations, November 20, 2014, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_new_european_disorder322

Adomeit, Hannes, German‐Russian Relations: Change of Paradigm vs. Business

as Usual, IFRI, February 2015, accessible online at

http://www.ifri.org/en/publications/enotes/notes-

cerfa/german‐russian‐relations-change-paradigm‐versus-business‐usual

Daalder, Ivo, Michele Flournoy, James Stavridis et al., Preserving Ukraine’s

Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression: What the United States and NATO

Must Do, Atlantic Council, Brookings Institutions and The Chicago Council on

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Global Affairs, February 2015, accessible online at

http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/publication/preserving-

ukraine%E2%80%99s-independence-resisting-russian-aggression-what-

united-states-and

Saunders, Paul J., How Russia Sees the Ukraine Crisis, The National Interest

October 13, 2014, accessible online at

http://nationalinterest.org/feature/how-russia-sees-the-ukraine-crisis-

11461

Trenin, Dmitri, Russia’s New Military Doctrine Tells It All, Carnegie Moscow

Center, December 29, 2014, accessible online at

http://carnegie.ru/2014/12/29/2014-russia-s-new-military-doctrine-

tells-it-all

Kissinger, Henry, To settle the Ukraine crisis, start at the end, Washington Post,

March 5, 2014, accessible online at

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/henry-kissinger-to-settle-

the-ukraine-crisis-start-at-the-end/2014/03/05/46dad868-a496-11e3-

8466-d34c451760b9_story.html

Pond, Elizabeth, Do not arm Ukraine, The World Today Vol. 71., No. 2 Chatham

House, April 2015 access online at

https://www.chathamhouse.org/publication/do-not-arm-ukraine

Speck, Ulrich, The West’s Response to the Ukraine Crisis – A Transatlantic

Success Story, Transatlantic Academy, April 2016

Optional Readings:

Hunter, Robert E, The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO’s Companion

– or Competitor?, RAND Corporation, 2003, accessible online at

http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1463.html

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power,

2013.

Trenin, Dmitri, Russia Reborn, in Foreign Affairs, November/December 2009,

accessible online at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-

fsu/2009-11-01/russia-reborn

Kupchan, Charles A., NATO’s Final Frontier - Why Russia Should Join the Atlantic

Alliance, in Foreign Affairs, May/June, 2010, accessible online at

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/2010-05-01/natos-

final-frontier

Applebaum, Anne, How He and His Cronies Stole Russia, The NY Review of Books,

December 18, 2013, accessible online at

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/12/18/how-he-and-his-

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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cronies-stole-russia/

Session 3 – April 5:

6. 9/11 and the Response to the Threat of Violent Extremism

7. Afghanistan

Required Readings:

Shapiro, Jeremy and Byman, Daniel, Bridging the Transatlantic Counterterrorism

Gap, in The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, Autumn 2006, pp. 33-49.

Dworkin, Anthony, Beyond the ’War on Terror’: Towards a New Transatlantic

Framework for Counterterrorism, in EU Council on Foreign Relations, May 2009,

access at http://ecfr.eu/page/-/documents/ECFR_counterterrorism_brief.pdf

Leffler, Melvyn, September 11 in Retrospect - George W. Bush’s Grand Strategy,

Reconsidered, in Foreign Affairs, September/October 2011

Dobbins, James, U.S.-European Cooperation in Afghanistan, Aspen Atlantic

Group, 2009

Miller, Paul, Finish the Job - How the War in Afghanistan Can Be Won, in Foreign

Affairs, January/February 2011

Flanagan, Stephen, Cipoletti, T.J., Tuninetti, Amanda, Afghanistan: A Stress Test

For Transatlantic Security Cooperation in EU-U.S. Security Strategies, March 1,

2011

Optional Readings:

Rubin, James, Building a New Atlantic Alliance - Restoring America's Partnership

With Europe, in Foreign Affairs, July/August 2008

Siegel, Scott N, Bearing Their Share of the Burden: Europe in Afghanistan, in

European Security, vol. 18, no. 4 (Winter 2009), pp. 461-468

Dobbins, James, The beginner's guide to nation-building, Santa Monica, CA:

RAND National Security Research Division, 2007

Mandelbaum, Michael, Mission Failure – America and the West in the Cold War

Era, Oxford University Press, April 2016

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Session 4 - April 12:

8. The Iraq War

9. Syria and the Challenge of ISIS/ISIL

Required Readings:

Asmus, Ronald, Rebuilding the Atlantic Alliance, in Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct 2003

Rubin, James, Stumbling Into War, Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct2003

Albright, Madeleine, Bridges, Bombs or Bluster, Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct 2003

Statement of the International Syria Support Group, Munich, February 12, 2016

Goldberg, Jeffrey, The Obama Doctrine, in The Atlantic, April 2016

Optional Readings:

Allawi, Ali A, The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace, Yale

University Press, 2007

Frum, David, Bombing Syria Won’t Make Paris Safer, in The Atlantic, November

2015

Walt, Stephen, ISIS as Revolutionary State, Foreign Policy, November/December

2015

Byman, Daniel, ISIS Goes Global, Foreign Policy, March/April 2016

Schake, Kori, Meeting the ISIS Challenge, in The Caravan, Issue 1509, The Hoover

Institution

See Reading List for Simulation ‘How to deal with Syria?’

Simulation Exercise – April 15, 3pm (Murrow Room):

Setup: US-European Meeting

Group A: How to Deal with China?

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard

2016, pp. 9-20, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorec

ard_2016_5068

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard

2016, pp. 126-130, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorec

ard_2016_5068

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Syllabus: Spring 2016

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Clinton, Hillary, America’s Pacific Century, Foreign Policy, Nov/Dec 2011, pp

56-63

Saunders, Phillip, China’s Rising Power, the U.S. Rebalance to Asia, and

Implications for U.S.-China relations, Issues & Studies, no. 3, September 2014

Pollack, Jonathan and Le Corre, Philippe, Why China goes to Europe,

Brookings Institution, July 2015

Wong, Reuben, An Anatomy of European and American Perspectives on

China in the International System, in ‘Europe and China. Strategic Partners or

Rivals’, Hong Kong University Press, 2012

Shambaugh, David, China and Europe: The Emerging Axis, Current History,

Sept 2004

Group B: How to Deal with Failed States and Mass Migration?

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard

2016, pp. 9-20, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorec

ard_2016_5068

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard

2016, pp. 24-36, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorec

ard_2016_5068

Banulescu-Bogdan, Natalia and Fratzke, Susan, Europe’s Migration Crisis in

Context: Why Now and What Next?, Migration Policy Institute, September

2015

Pollack, Kenneth, U.S. Policy toward a turbulent Middle East, Testimony

before the US Senate Committee on Armed Services about U.S. Policy

toward the Middle East, Brookings Institution, March 2015

Batt, Judy, Failing States and the EU’s security agenda, EU Institute for

Security Studies, November 2004

Batt, Judy and Lynch, Dov, What is a ‘Failing State’, and when is it a Security

Threat?, EU Institute for Security Studies, Seminar November 2004

Greene, Megan and Kelemen, Daniel, Europe’s Lousy Deal With Turkey,

Foreign Affairs, March 2016

Betts, Alexander and Collier, Paul, Help Refugees Help Themselves, Foreign

Affairs, Nov/Dec 2015

Rotberg, Robert, Failed States in a World of Terror, Foreign Affairs,

July/August 2002

Korski, Daniel and Gowan, Richard, Can the EU Rebuild Failed States? A

Review of Europe’s Civilian Capacities, European Council on Foreign

Relations, October 2009

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Group C: How to Deal with Syria?

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard

2016, pp. 9-20, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorec

ard_2016_5068

See Reading List for Session 4

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard

2016, p. 100, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorec

ard_2016_5068

Hoffman, Bruce, The Coming ISIS-al Qaeda Merger, Foreign Affairs Snapshot,

March 2016

Olidort, Jacob, Theology in Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs Snapshot, March

2016

Session 5 - April 19:

10. Iran

11. Nuclear Proliferation and Disarmament in General

12. Cyber and the Dilemma of Security vs. Privacy

Required Readings:

Bruno, Greg, Backgrounder on Iran’s Nuclear Program, in Council on Foreign

Relations, March 10, 2010, accessible at http://www.cfr.org/iran/irans-nuclear-

program/p16811

Parameters for a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Regarding the Islamic

Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program, Department of State, April 2, 2015,

accessible at www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2015/04/240170.htm

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Department of State, Vienna, July 14,

2015

Burns, William J., The Fruits of Diplomacy with Iran, New York Times, April 2,

2015, accessible at www.nytimes.com/2015/04/03/opinion/a-

good‐deal‐with‐iran.html?_r=1

Kissinger, Henry and Shultz, George, The Iran Deal and Its Consequences, Wall

Street Journal, April 7, 2015, accessible at www.wsj.com/articles/the‐iran-deal-

and-its-consequences-1428447582

Adebahr, Cornelius, The Linchpin to the Iran Deal's Future: Europe, in The

Washington Quarterly 38, no. 4, 2015

Nunn, Sam, Memorandum for NATO Group of Experts, Nuclear Threat Initiative,

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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February 22, 2010

Statement by President Obama on the Release of the Nuclear Posture Review,

April 6, 2010 http://www.whitehouse.gov/the‐press‐office/statement‐president-

barack‐obama‐release‐nuclear‐posture-review

Global Zero, Global Zero U.S. Nuclear Policy Commission Report, May 16 2012

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2016,

p.102, accessible online at

http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorecard

_2016_5068

Bendiek, Anngret, “Tests of Partnership: Transatlantic Cooperation in Cyber

Security, Internet Governance, and Data Protection,” Transatlantic Academy

Paper Series, March 2014.

Audio: Ralph Langner, “Cyber Warfare: Preparing for the Inevitable.”

Accessible at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1EcziU_AtY

Barker, Tyson, "Blown Cover: The NSA and the Unraveling US-EU

Intelligence Relationship," Washington, D.C.: Bertelsmann Foundation, 2013.

Accessible at

http://www.bfna.org/sites/default/files/BBrief%20Blown%20Cover%20-

%20The%20NSA%20and%20the%20Unraveling%20US-

EU%20Intelligence%20Relationship%20%283%20July%202013%29.pdf

Döpfner, Matthias, Open Letter to Eric Schmidt, Frankfurter Allgemeine

Zeitung, May 27, 2014, available online at

https://www.axelspringer.de/dl/433625/LetterMathiasDoepfnerEricSchmi

dt.pdf

Optional Readings:

Krause, Joachim, Playing With Fire - German foreign policy and Iran’s nuclear

weapons program, in DGAP (German Council on Foreign Relations), January 18th,

2012, access at https://ip-journal.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/playing-fire

Bacevich, Andrew J., Prophets and Poseurs: Niebuhr and Our Times, in World

Affairs, Winter 2008 http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/prophets-and-

poseurs-niebuhr-and-our-times

U.S. Department of Defense, Nuclear Posture Review 2010 (highly recommended

to at least browse through it)

http://www.defense.gov/npr/docs/2010%20nuclear%20posture%20review%20r

eport.pdf

Harnisch, Sebastian, The Lessons of the EU’s Iran Diplomacy, IP Global, Fall 2007

Edelman, Eric, Krepinevich, Andrew and Braden Montgomery, Evan, The Dangers

of a Nuclear Iran, in Foreign Affairs, January/February, 2011

Parent, Joseph and MacDonald, Paul, The Wisdom of Retrenchment - America

DHP D283m: US-European Relations Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Must Cut Back to Move Forward, in Foreign Affairs, November/December 2011

The Economist, Nuclear disarmament – Move the base camp, June 16, 2011

Ruddy, Thomas, Regimes Governing the Re-Use of Personal Data in the US and

the EU: A Primer on Mass Surveillance and Trade, December 2013

Eggers, Dave, The Circle, Alfred A. Knopf/McSweeney’s Books: NewYork, 2013

Session 6 - April 26:

13. Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)

14. The Future of the Transatlantic Relationship

Required Readings:

U.S.-EU High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth, Final Report, February 11, 2013

Directives for the negotiation on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the EU and the USA, Brussels, October 9, 2014

American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, At Issue Interview: Dr. Klaus Scharioth, March 4, 2013

Sparding, Peter, Germany’s Pivotal Role on the Way to TTIP, German Marshall Fund, November2014, accessible online at http://www.gmfus.org/archives/Germanys‐pivotal‐role‐on‐the-way‐to‐TTIP/

Janes, Jackson and Krueger, Tilman, Boring Hard Boards: Negotiating the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, AICGS, Johns Hopkins University, 2013

Froman, Michael, The Strategic Logic of Trade New Rules of the Road for the Global Market, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec 2014, access at http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142198/michael‐b-froman/the‐strategic-logic-of‐trade

Sapiro, Miriam, The Geopolitical Impact of TTIP: A Transatlantic Fortress or an Open Platform?, IAI Working Papers 15, Istituto Affari Internazionali, May 2015

Ülgen, Sinan, EU Global Strategy: A Transformed Security Landscape, Carnegie Europe, February 2016

Optional Readings:

Trigkas, Vasilis, “The Strategic Implications of TAFTA|TTIP: Will it Engage or Contain China?” December 2013

Barker, Tyson, For Transatlantic Trade, This Time Is Different, in Foreign Affairs, February 26, 2013

European Council on Foreign Relations, European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2016, p. 117. Accessible at

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http://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/european_foreign_policy_scorecard_2016_5068

Lester, Simon, “Tackling Regulatory Trade Barriers in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership,” December 2013

Vom Endt, Mona, “Is TAFTA|TTIP a Race to the Bottom in regulatory Standards? The Case of Hormone-Treated Beef,” December 2013

Hamilton, Daniel, Forging a Transatlantic Partnership for the 21st Century, Cornerstone Project Working Paper, November 2011