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Introduction

… has a long history of serving the temperature sensing needs of the aerospace, steel, glass, heat treating and other high temperature industries. In 2004 CEL started its Advanced Technologies Group in Tempe, Arizona, focused on the design and fabrication of turbine engine test cell instrumentation used in the manufacturers’ test and development programs.

Customers include General Electric, Pratt and Whitney, Rolls-Royce, Solar Turbines, Honeywell, and others.

About ten years ago we began R&D efforts to develop fiber optic sensing technologies, due to significant advantages for many applications as compared to conventional analog sensors.

The results of these efforts are the reason we are presenting here today. With total support from ownership, and world class engineering talent, we have developed a suite of meaningful, leading-edge sensors and sensing systems we are very proud of.

Rodger Shepherd - Vice President of Advanced Technologies Keith Chandler - Structural Health and Security Monitoring SME

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Affiliations and Accreditations

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Recent Attacks and Threats on USCritical Infrastructure

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Power Grid Attacks

April 16, 2013 PG&E Metcalf Electrical Power Substation

Intruders entered underground telecom vaults, cut multiple cables

Gunmen then disabled 17 large electrical transformers

52,000 gallons of coolant leaked

Electrical black-out narrowly averted

$15 million worth of damage

0:00 0:33 0:43 0:53

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Power Grid Infrastructure Vulnerability

Jon Wellinghoff, former chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, said the power grid is currently "too susceptible to a cascading outage" because of its reliance on a small number of critical substations and other physical equipment.

Suspects have never been identified in connection with many of the 300-plus attacks on our electrical infrastructure since 2011.

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Network Infrastructure Attacks

The attacker struck close to midnight, climbing into a manhole at the mouth of California’s Niles Canyon and slicing a series of cables that collectively carried billions of bits of Internet data.

San Francisco’s Bay Area has suffered more than a dozen attacks on its fiber optic infrastructure over the past year.

Networks that process everything from Amazon.com purchases to 911 calls are much more vulnerable than other critical infrastructure like power plants. The attacks slow Internet service and disrupt financial transactions and emergency phone calls.

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Attacks on Key Transportation Resources

On September 11, 2001, foreign operatives were arrested for attempting to drive a truck with explosives over the George Washington Bridge in New York City.

In 2003 a man was arrested and accused of giving aid to al-Qaeda and attempting to destroy the Brooklyn Bridge.

In 2004 a group of four to five people "and some other individuals" were caught on video atop the Brooklyn Bridge shortly before two white flags replaced the Stars and Stripes on the iconic span.

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Rank (2015)

Airport (large hub)IATA code

Major city served StatePassengers

(2015)

1 Hartsfield-Jackson Int’l ATL Atlanta GA 49,340,732

2 Los Angeles International LAX Los Angeles CA 36,351, 226

3 O’Hare International ORD Chicago IL 36,305,668

4 Dallas / Fort Worth Int’l DFW Dallas – Forth Worth TX 31,589,832

5 John F. Kennedy Int’l JFK New York NY 27,717,503

6 Denver International DEN Denver CO 26,280,043

7 San Francisco Int’l SFO San Francisco CA 24,190,549

8 Charlotte Douglas Int’l CLT Charlotte NC 21,913,156

9 McCarran International LAS Las Vegas NV 21,824,231

10 Phoenix Sky Harbor Int’l PHX Phoenix AZ 21,351,445

31 airports serve 75% of all passengers in US

268 airport Intrusions since 2004

Airports

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Drinking Water Threats

2003 - Al-Qaida threatens US water systems via a call to a Saudi Arabian magazine.

Al-Qaida does not “rule out...the poisoning of drinking water in American and Western cities”.

FBI

In order to prevent contamination of a water supply, local water works or utilities should maintain a secure perimeter around the source (if possible) and the treatment facility. In addition, security should be maintained around critical nodes such as tunnels, pumping facilities, storage facilities, and the network of water mains and subsidiary pipes should be enhanced.

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Pipeline Attacks

Oil Theft: A $37 Billion Problem

The numbers around fuel leaks and theft are astronomical when looking at individual problem areas, but are positively staggering when combined on a global scale. One source estimates that global losses in theft from pipelines and other sources top $37.23 billion annually.

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Nuclear Facility Threats

Security at U.S. nuclear power complexes is inadequate, and hundreds of tons of plutonium and enriched uranium could be stolen or sabotaged.

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Overview, existing security approaches

Manhole covers Welded closed Bolts with special heads Secondary lids/barriers with locks

Doors and enclosure access hatches Locks Electrical interlock switches

Communications raceways / conduits Locked access at ends of chases Electrically alarmed access points Tamper-evident and -resistant chases

Bridges Visual inspections Analog sensors

Pipelines Flyovers Periodic testing

Perimeters, zones, areas Razor wire Patrols Surveillance video and analytics Electrically-based accelerometers RF field disturbance sensing Optical fiber backscattering Weight-sensitive electrical switches Video cameras, analytics Passive infrared motion detectors Radar, microwave

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The National Communications Structure for Protection of Critical Infrastructure

Who needs to know of a terrorist attack to our critical infrastructure in real-time?

DHS, DOD, FBI, DOE, DOS, CIA, HHS, FEMA, EPA, U.S. Fire Administration, State and Local Police…

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FiberStrike™ Sensing Capabilities

Temperature

Movement

Pressure

Sound

Vibration

Intrusion

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Deployment advantages

Fiber optically-based sensing solutions offer long-term affordability …

Scalability

Cohesive common architecture

Reporting from multiple locations to single monitoring facility / authority

Flexibility

Power alternatives for remote deployments

Our IntelliOptics software allows integration with legacy monitoring sensors …

Integration with existing command and control systems …

Integration with camera systems

Time savings

Initial operational capability typically more rapid than with legacy systems

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Manhole Cover Position Sensing

Manhole switches can be monitored from 25 km away

Every location uniquely identified, continuously monitored

Physical protection of classified information networks - DoD accredited system software with certificate of net worthiness is available

OPTICAL INTERROGATOR

CHANNEL1 2 3 . . . 16

50

1

3

2

4

51

52

100

53

54

101

102

150

800

751

753

752

754

LCM-610 SENSOR

SMF-28 OPTICAL FIBER

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Underground vaults

Access hatch security

Weight on ladder rungs

Air temperature

Water level (sump pump)

Pressure (e.g., water main)

Valve position

Equipment enclosure security

Additional FiberStrike applications

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Security Sensing in Discrete Locations

Pedestrian platform sensors

Sense weights < 1 pound

Door and equipment enclosure sensors

Configurable for any cabinet or door

System scalability facilitates future expansion

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Perimeter Security

Distributed sensing fiber mounted

along top or bottom of fence

Fiber detects vibrations caused

by attempted intrusion, provides

information on event location

Fiber may be 25+ km long

Event localization to ≈1% of total length of sensing fiber

Multiple parallel sensing fibers increase probability of detection and accuracy of location

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Pipeline Monitoring

FiberStrike ®

transducers are

installed at regular physical

intervals along a pipeline

The FiberStrike ®

system

continuously analyzes the

acoustic signature of the

operating pipeline

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Presidential Policy Directive 21

PPD 21: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience

Advances a national policy to strengthen and maintain a secure, functioning and resilient critical infrastructure

Defines 16 critical infrastructure sectors - all considered vital to the US

Incapacitation or destruction of assets in any sector would have a debilitating effect on national security, economy, public health and/or safety

Energy and communications systems are identified as uniquely critical

FiberStrike sensing systems support multiple areas in PPD 21

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Critical infrastructure sectors per PPD 21

Chemical

Communications

Informationtechnology

Nuclear reactors,materials and waste

Commercial facilities

Critical manufacturing

Defense industrial base

Transportationsystems

Dams

Emergency services

Energy WaterFinancial services

Food and agriculture

Government facilities

Healthcare, public health

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Bridge Structural Health and Security Monitoring

Introduce Keith

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Fiber optic sensing systems

Why fiber optics?

With proper sensor configuration, virtually any physical phenomenon can be sensed or measured

Intrinsic safety

Sensors contain no electronic components, require no electrical power

Sensors are passive, emit no signals; no EMI/EMC concerns

Optical fiber is non-conductive, allowing use in hazardous environments

Immune to RFI and lightning

Low loss: optical sensors can be 20+ miles from head-end equipment

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Sensing based on fiber Bragg Gratings

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are well-established technology, internationally proven

High resolution, accurate, field-reliable

Sensors are small, easy to surface-mount or embed into structures

Simultaneous, real-time point sensing at speeds up to kHz

Wide temperature range: -85° to +570°F for standard fiber

Static and dynamic measurements with a single instrument

Multiplexing - as many as 50 FBGs on a single fiber, depending on sensor types

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640 multiplexed fiber optic strain sensors

400 wired electrical strain sensors

Cabling and instrumentation comparison

Simple management system comparison

Fiber optic sensors Basic

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Command and Control Software

Provides system control and

data for structural analysis

Traditional numerical data

logging and graphic display

Numbers, graphs and/or alarms

shown at each sensor location in

model of structure

Real-time data in summary format

Remote web-based access to

data via LAN, cellular or satellite

Tailorable access levels

Robust security

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Strain, tension, temperature

Surface mount

Brainy-Bolt

Spot-welded

Epoxied Concrete embedded

Multi-point movement, embedded

Bolt-on Grout-in Wieldable

Monitor loads in structural members and fasteners

Strain measurements from 3 to 5000 µstrain

Movements down to picometers

Temperatures (point and distributed) -40° to +250°FTemperature

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Position, displacement

Displacement

± 0.5” movement, single- and multi-axis

Positional accuracy and resolution better than

0.001”

Linear position

Travel up to 18” (standard), resolution 0.005”

Rotary position

Rotation 360°, resolution 0.25°

Tilt - range -3 to +5°, resolution 0.004°

Inclination - range ± 10°, resolution 0.01°

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Position, displacement

Accelerometers

One-, two- or three-axis

Frequency range DC up to 300 Hz

Sensitivity down to 0.001g

Shock tolerance up to 100g

- Above range values depend on selected

accelerometer

and optical interrogator

Useful for monitoring mechanical shock, impact, vibrational modes / resonances, seismic activity

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Projects

Bridges focusing on SHM and

their Security

Dams

Security

Transit systems

Aerospace

Power generation

Additional Applications:

Mining, geologic stability

Pipelines

Buildings

Wind turbines

Industrial processes

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Brooklyn Bridge rehabilitation program

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Rock Island Arsenal Bridge, Illinois

The historic Rock Island Arsenal

Bridge was built in 1896, at the same

location as an 1872 structure and

using the same piers. Upper and

lower decks of the swinging structure

carry rail and road traffic over the

Mississippi River between Rock Island,

Illinois and Davenport, Iowa.

This is the only bridge in the area

capable of transporting extremely

heavy loads of consumer products

and the transport of military

equipment manufactured on the Rock

Island Military Base.

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Rock Island Arsenal Bridge, Illinois

50 Strain Sensors

25 Temperature

15 3D accelerometers

4 A-36 corrosion sensors

1 Corrosion coupon rack

3 Cameras

Satellite backup and DSL

communications

4 Tilt meters

30 AE acoustical sensors

When bridge pivots the ends

deflect 6 inches.

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Indian River Inlet Bridge, Delaware

First Bridge with all optical sensors for Home Land Security

System is redundant storing data locally and streaming to TMC master sever command center

Security of Bridge communications command center onsite.

First Stay Cable Bridge in the U.S. with embedded sensors in concrete while under construction SHM

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Indian River Inlet Bridge, Delaware

68 Strain Sensors with temperature

compensation

3 Expansion joint displacement

sensors with 24-inch stroke

9 Single-axis optical tilt meters

10 Uniaxial optical accelerometers

17 Biaxial optical accelerometers

10 corrosion chloride penetration

sensors - both conventional and

optical

2 Anemometers

Lightning and power surge equipment

protection

A to D converters to carry

anemometer information to control

panel

5 cameras

10 optical doors switches

Security platform monitoring

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Indian River Inlet Bridge Hurricane Sandy

Bridge assessment had started as soon as the Hurricane hit watching the structural movement closely from the remote command and control center.

Once Hurricane Sandy passed information taken during the storm showed significant movement but returning known sensor data stability.

The Bridge was cleared for traffic use 8 hours after the storm passed but required weeks to repair roads and beaches.

Hurricane Sandy October 29 2012

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Indian River Inlet Bridge security system

Carried over same optical backbone as the SHM sensing system

Cameras controlled and all access areas monitored continuously

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Indian River Inlet Bridge security system

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I-20 Vicksburg Mississippi structural and security

The I-20 bridge is on the main corridor

between Vicksburg, Mississippi and

Louisiana. A railroad bridge parallels the I-

20 bridge. The bridges are frequently struck

by barges, and there is a nearby moving

fault line that could jeopardize this river

crossing over time.

The US Army Corps of Engineers and DOD

funded this project for the reasons of a 100

mile detour should this bridge fail. This

opportunity was to also prove-in the use of optical sensing systems.

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I-20 Vicksburg Mississippi structural and security

52 Strain Sensors

25 Temperature

10 3D accelerometers

4 A-36 corrosion sensors

1 Corrosion coupon rack

3 Cameras

Security pier hatch door

sensor

1 Optical panel security

system

Satellite backup and DSL

communications

8 Tilt meters

8 Long displacement

sensors

Weather station

1 Optical pressure sensor to

determine water depth.

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I-20 Bridge security system

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Barge Impact warning system I-20

Barge impact is a major

concern and to quantify the

health of the bridge.

On March 23, 2012 30 barges

broke lose hitting the I-20

Bridge and adjacent rail

bridge. Once barge was

forced dead center of the I-

20 Bridge then sinking.

The System caught this event

in real time alerting the Coast

Guard, Police and MDOT prior to any public calls.

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Barge Impact removal monitoring I-20

Continuous monitoring was

requested to validate barge

removal after sinking.

The Mississippi was flooded

high water levels with

extreme currents placing

great pressure on the piers.

After one month they

successfully cut the barge in half removing the barge.

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Cleveland Electric Laboratories

Advanced Technologies Group

Please visit us at our booth for a product demonstration

and more information.

Manhole Cover Position Sensing