diabetes gnvq health & social care. a few simple facts zthe body uses glucose as a ‘fuel’...
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Diabetes
GNVQ Health & Social Care
A few Simple Facts
The body uses glucose as a ‘fuel’Glucose is used in cells to release
energy. (Respiration)Glucose is a simple sugar that we
get from our food.
The Digestive System
The digestive system makes glucose by breaking down carbohydrates in the food we eat.
Carbohydrates...
Carbohydrates
Sugar
Starch Breaks down slowly into glucose
Breaks down very quickly into glucose
To keep going
Our bodies need a constant supply of glucose throughout the day
Insulin is a hormone which helps to store all the glucose as glycogen.
This can then be turned back to glucose as the body needs it
Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetics do not make their own insulin
No way to store glucoseSo it builds up in the bloodLong term health problemsEyes, Feet, Heart,
Controlling blood sugar levels…..
Non Diabetics
Make insulin ‘on demand’ to match the food they have eaten.
If you eat more carbohydrate your body makes the insulin to deal with it
Diabetics...
Don’t make their own insulin
Inject a certain amount of insulin.
Then need to eat the right amount, (and type) of food to match the insulin.
What happens if you get the amount / type of food wrong…..
Too much food...
Too much glucose stays in the blood which will lead to long term health problems
Too little food...
Insulin removes too much glucose from the blood.
Not enough glucose for normal body functions.
Hypoglycemic shock (Hypo).
Injections
Twice daily
Before breakfast
Before tea
Blood Monitoring
Several times each day
Long term monitoring for high blood sugars.
Short term warning of a hypo.
Health Care Team
ConsultantDiabetes NurseDieticianPsychologist
Additional Care
Regular clinic checksHeight / weight / sugar / insulin doseAnnual Check up…Eyes / FeetEarly TB jabFlu jabs
Monitoring Food
10g of Carbohydrate = 1 unitThe dietician sets the number of units of
carbohydrate the must be eaten at each time of the day.
It is also important to remember the difference between sugar & starch. Generally slow release starch is better than fast acting sugar. (Except in emergency)
Sarah’s Diet
Breakfast 7 unitsMorning snack 3 unitsLunch 6 unitsAfternoon Snack 3 unitsTea 7 unitsSupper 4 units
Hypoglycaemia
If sugars fall too low, the diabetic will go ‘hypo’
Shakes, ‘Weird inside’, wobbly legs.Unconscious
In Emergency…
Eat emergency supply of sugar…Biscuit, glucose tablet, Lucozade,
choc etcHypostop gel
Emergency injection.