digests of latest cases in political law, 2009-2010

8/13/2019 Digests of Latest Cases in Political Law, 2009-2010

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DIGESTS OF LATEST SUPREME COURTDECISIONS IN POLITICAL LAW

(2009 and 2010)

By:

ATTY. LARRY D. GACAYAN

Professor of Law

UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

COLLEGE OF LAW

Baguio City

(POLITICALLAWREVIEW, CONSTITUTIONALLAWI, CONSTITUTIONALLAWII )August, 2010 Edition

BAR REVIEWER

(Poiti!a La" and Constitutiona La")

CPR# BAR REVIEW CE$%ER

&a'ao City, Cagayan d Oo City,*a+oanga City, and Ioio City

COSMOPOLITAN REVIEW CENTER (CRC)

Baguio City Ban!-, .C, Baguio City

POWERHAUS LAW REVIEW CENTER

Baguio City, /ania, #antiago City, %agiaan City &ioog City

EXCELLENT PRE-BAR REVIEW CENTER

Baguio City, $aga City, Cu City, Gna #antos City, and %a!oan City

UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN PRE-BAR REVIEW CENTER

&aguan City


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ABRAHAM KAHLIL B. MITRA VS. COMELEC,

G.R. NO. 1919!, "ULY #, #$1$

%- +ini+u+ ui+nt und ou Constitution and !tion a"s 3o t-

!andidats4 sidn!y in t- oiti!a unit t-y s5 to snt -as n' n intndd

to an +ty 3o+aisti! !ondition6 it !ais "it- it a 'y s!i3i! uos: to 'nt7stang8s9 o n"!o+8s9 una!uaintd "it- t- !onditions and nds o3 a !o++unity

3o+ s5ing !ti' o33i!s in t-at !o++unity;

%- ui+nt is ootd in t- !ognition t-at o33i!ias o3 disti!ts o o!aitiss-oud not ony a!uaintd "it- t- +ts and ounds o3 t-i !onstitun!is6 +o

i+otanty, t-y s-oud 5no" t-i !onstitun!is and t- uniu !i!u+stan!s o3 t-i

!onstitunts < t-i nds, di33i!utis, asiations, otntias 3o go"t- and

d'o+nt, and a +atts 'ita to t-i !o++on "3a; Fa+iiaity, o t-ootunity to 3a+iia, "it- t-s !i!u+stan!s !an ony !o+ "it- sidn!y in t-

!onstitun!y to sntd;

%- uos o3 t- sidn!y ui+nt is =st +t y indi'iduas "-o -a'

it- -ad a!tua sidn! in t- aa 3o a gi'n iod o "-o -a' n do+i!id int- sa+ aa it- y oigin o y !-oi!; At t- sa+ ti+, t- !onstitunts

t-+s's !an st 5no" and 'auat t- !andidats4 uai3i!ations and 3itnss 3oo33i! i3 t-s !andidats -a' i'd a+ong t-+;

In t- snt !as, t- sondnt Co++ission on E!tions (COMELEC)

!an!d t- !ti3i!at o3 !andida!y (COC) o3 tition Aa-a+ >a-i B; /ita 3o

agdy +issnting t-at - is a sidnt o3 t- /uni!iaity o3 Aoan, Po'in! o3

Paa"an "- - an 3o t- osition o3 Go'no; /ita !a+ to t-is Cout to s5 t-'sa o3 t- !an!ation;

T%& A'&&*&'+

W-n -is COC 3o t- osition o3 Go'no o3 Paa"an "as d!ad !an!d,/ita "as t- in!u+nt Rsntati' o3 t- #!ond &isti!t o3 Paa"an; %-is disti!tt-n in!udd, a+ong ot- titois, t- /uni!iaity o3 Aoan and Puto Pin!sa

City; ? "as !td Rsntati' as a do+i!iiay o3 Puto Pin!sa City, and

sntd t- gisati' disti!t 3o t- (@) t+s i++diaty 3o t- !tions o32010;

On /a!- 2, 200 (o 3o t- nd o3 /ita4s s!ond t+ as Rsntati'),

Puto Pin!sa City "as !assi3id as a =-ig-y uanid !ity and t-us !asd to a

!o+onnt !ity o3 t- Po'in! o3 Paa"an; %- di!t ga !onsun! o3 t-is n"

2


3/214

status "as t- inigiiity o3 Puto Pin!sa City sidnts 3o+ 'oting 3o !andidats

3o !ti' o'in!ia o33i!ias;

On /a!- 20, 200D, "it- t- intntion o3 unning 3o t- osition o3 Go'no,/ita aid 3o t- tans3 o3 -is Vot4s Rgistation R!od 3o+ P!in!t $o; 0@20

o3Brgy; #ta; /oni!a, Puto Pin!sa City, to Sitio/aigaya,Brgy; Isau, /uni!iaity

o3 Aoan, Po'in! o3 Paa"an; ? susunty 3id -is COC 3o t- osition o3Go'no o3 Paa"an as a sidnt o3 Aoan;

#oon t-a3t, sondnts Antonio V. Gonzales and Orlando R. Balbon, Jr.

(the respondents) 3id a &' *&'/ *0& 0+& 2'&3 M24+ COC; %-y

ssntiay agud t-at /ita +ains a sidnt o3 Puto Pin!sa City "-o -as not ytstais-d sidn! in Aoan, and is t-3o not uai3id to un 3o Go'no o3

Paa"an; /ita insistd in -is Ans" t-at - -as su!!ss3uy aandond Puto

Pin!sa City as -is do+i!i o3 oigin, and -as stais-d a n" do+i!i in Aoansin! 200;

T%& P2&+4 C325+ 2'* E6*&'&

T%& &+'*&'+4 &' 7&8& %& COMELEC !ai+d t-at /ita4s COC

s-oud !an!d und t- 3oo"ing 3a!tua +iss: (a) /ita oug-t, in un 200D,

a a! o3 and in Aoan "- - gan to !onstu!t a -ous, ut u to t- ti+ o3 t-3iing o3 t- tition to dny du !ous o to !an! /ita4s COC, t- -ous -ad yt to

!o+td6 () in t- do!u+nt o3 sa, Puto Pin!sa City "as statd as /ita4s

sidn! (atta!-d as Ann = o3 t- Rsondnts4 Ptition 3o t- CO/ELEC)6

(!) /ita4s Puto Pin!sa City sidn! "as si+iay statd in -is ai!ation 3o auiding +it (atta!-d as Ann => o3 t- Rsondnts4 Ptition 3o t-

CO/ELEC)6 and (d) /ita4s !o++unity ta !ti3i!at stats t-at -is sidn! "asPuto Pin!sa City (atta!-d as Ann =/ o3 t- Rsondnts4 Ptition 3o t-

CO/ELEC); %- sondnts sntd s'a a33ida'its attsting to t- nonH

!o+tion o3 t- !onstu!tion o3 t- -ous, and asstd t-at "it-out a 3uy !onstu!td

-ous, /ita !oud not !ai+ sidn! in Aoan;

M2 *&'&* %& &+'*&'+4 233&2'+ ' %+ A'+:&; ? !ai+d t-at t-

sondnts +isd t- CO/ELEC y snting -otoga-s o3 -is un3inis-d -ous on

t- and - u!-asd 3o+ a !tain Rt %+; ? !ai+d, on t- !ontay, t-at

-is sidn! is o!atd insid t- +iss o3 t- /aigaya Fd+i and Fa+(Maligaya eed!ill) "-i!- t- o"n, Ca+ Cas, asd to -i+6 and t-at -

u!-asd a 3a+ and snty -as an i+nta ina antation and a !o!5

3a+; %- tans3 o3 -is sidn!, - !ai+d, gan in 200;

? su+ittd t- 3oo"ing: (a) t- Sin"!paang Salaysayo3 Ri!ado %+6

Foa+ %; Gaio, t- #"nong Barangayo3 Isau, Aoan6 /aissa .; *u+aaga,

Coun!io o3 Aoan6 Viginia ; Agao and Esa /; &aisay, ot- Sangg"niang

Barangay++s o3 Isau, Aoan, attsting t-at /ita sids in t-i o!aity6 ()-otoga-s o3 t- sidntia otion o3 t- /aigaya Fd+i "- - !ai+s to

sid, and o3 -is Aoan i+nta ina antation, 3a+, 3a+-ous and !o!5

@


4/214

3a+6 (!) t- as !onta!t o' t- /aigaya Fd+i6 (d) t- !o++unity ta !ti3i!at

- !ai+s - -i+s3 s!ud, stating t-at Aoan is -is sidn!6 and () an udatd

idnti3i!ation !ad issud y t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's stating t-at Aoan is -issidn!;

%o 3ut /ita4s !ai+d sidn! in Aoan < s!i3i!ay, t-at - sids att- /aigaya Fd+i oty < t- sondnts additionay su+ittd: (a) t-

a33ida'its o3 t- 1#"nong Barangays o3 Aoan and o3 si sidnts o3 Aoan, astating t-at /ita is not a sidnt o3 Aoan and -as n' n sn in t-at

+uni!iaity6 () a Cti3i!ation 3o+ t- BarangayCatain o3 #ta; /oni!a, Puto

Pin!sa City stating t-at /ita "as a sidnt o3 t-at aangay as o3 $o'+ 1, 200D6(!) t- a33ida'it o3 Co++odo $i!ano ?nand attsting t-at /ita !ontinus to

sid in Puto Pin!sa City6 and (d) 2 a33ida'its o3 3o+ +oys, "o5s,

Aoan sidnts and a !usto+ o3 t- /aigaya Fd+i attsting t-at t-y -a' n'sn /ita duing t- ti+ - !ai+d to -a' i'd t- and t-at t- aa "- /ita

suosdy i's is, in 3a!t, t- o33i! o3 t- 3d+i and is uni'a du to nois and

oution;

T%& R03' 8 %& COMELEC4+ F+ D6+'

T%& L2:; %- Fist &i'ision d3ind t- go'ning a" "it- t- stat+nt t-atsidn! +ans do+i!i und t- Cout4s !onsistnt uings sin! 1D2 in $"%al %.

G"ray. &o+i!i i+ots not ony t- intnt to sid in a 3id a! ut aso sona

sn! in t-at a!, !oud "it- !ondu!t indi!ati' o3 t-is intntion;

%o a!ui a n" do+i!i < a do+i!i y !-oi! < t- 3oo"ing +ust !on!u: (1)

sidn! o odiy sn! in a n" o!aity6 (2) an intntion to +ain t-6 and (@) an

intntion to aandon t- od do+i!i; In ot- "ods, t- +ust an ani!"s nonre%ertendi "it- s!t to t- od do+i!i, and an ani!"s !anendiat t- do+i!i o3!-oi!; %- intnt to +ain in o at t- do+i!i o3 !-oi! +ust 3o an ind3init

iod o3 ti+ and t- a!ts o3 t- son +ust !onsistnt "it- t-is intnt;

/ita did not +t t- ao' ui+nts a!!oding to t- Fist &i'ision;

T%& COMELECEn Banc R03'

%- CO/ELEC en ban&< in a di'idd d!ision < susunty dnid /ita4s+otion to !onsid t- Fist &i'ision uing und t- 3oo"ing outind asons;

irst, gistation as a 'ot o3 Aoan is not su33i!int 'idn! t-at /ita -as

su!!ss3uy aandond -is do+i!i o3 oigin;

Se&ond, + intnt !annot suant t- ss ui+nt o3 t- a"6 t-=-ysi!a sn! uid to stais- do+i!i !onnots a!tua, 3a!tua and bona 'ide

sidn! in a gi'n o!aity; %- CO/ELEC en ban& agd "it- t- Fist &i'ision4s

'idntiay 3indings on t-is oint;


5/214

(hird, t- Fist &i'ision4s Rsoution "as asd on a !a3u and Judi!ious

a+ination and !onsidation o3 a 'idn! su+ittd y t- atis; %- su++ay

natu o3 t- o!dings is not n!ssaiy o33nsi' to a aty4s ig-t to du o!ss;

o"rth, Fernandez v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal is not on a

3ous "it- t- snt !as


6/214

s-oud at ast 3o a ya; O3 !ous, as a !ontinuing ui+nt o uai3i!ation, t-

!td o33i!ia +ust +ain a sidnt t- 3o t- st o3 -is t+;

/ita4s do+i!i o3 oigin is undisutdy Puto Pin!sa City; Fo -i+ touai3y as Go'no < in ig-t o3 t- ati'y !nt !-ang o3 status o3 Puto Pin!sa

City 3o+ a !o+onnt !ity to a -ig-y uanid !ity "-os sidnts !an no ong 'ot3o o'in!ia o33i!ias < - -ad to aandon -is do+i!i o3 oigin and a!ui a n" on

"it-in t- o!a go'n+nt unit "- - intndd to un6 t-is "oud -is do+i!i o3!-oi!; %o a!ui a do+i!i o3 !-oi!, Juisudn!, "-i!- t- CO/ELEC !o!ty

in'o5d, uis t- 3oo"ing:

(1) sidn! o odiy sn! in a n" o!aity6

(2) an intntion to +ain t-6 and

(@) an intntion to aandon t- od do+i!i;

%- !ontntious issus in /ita4s !as at to -is odiy sn!, o t- a!5 o3

it, in Aoan, and t- d!aation - +ad on t-is oint; %- sondnts an!-o t-i

!aus o3 a!tion on t- agd 3asity o3 /ita4s stat+nt t-at - is a sidnt o3Aoan; %o suot t-is !ontntion, t- sondnts !ai+ t-at t- !onstu!tion o3 t-

suosd /ita sidn! o -ous, ot- t-an t- asd +iss in /aigaya Fd+i,

-as yt to !o+td, a'ing /ita "it- no -aita a! in Aoan; W-n /ita

su!!ss3uy 3utd t-is oigina !ai+, t- sondnts sntd s"on stat+nts o3Aoan sidnts !ontadi!ting /ita4s !ai+d -ysi!a sidn! at t- /aigaya

Fd+i uiding in Aoan; %-y i5"is oint out, y s"on stat+nts, t-at t-is

agd sidn! !oud not !onsidd a -ous t-at /ita !oud oy !onsid -is

sidn!, on t- 'i" t-at t- 3d+i a! is nat- "-at /ita < a t-Ht+!ongss+an and a ++ o3 t- /ita oiti!a !an o3 Paa"an < "oud o!!uy;

/ita, on t- ot- -and, sntd s"on stat+nts o3 'aious sons

(in!uding t- s o3 t- and - u!-asd, t- sso o3 t- /aigaya Fd+i, andt-#"nong Barangayo3 t- sit o3 -is sidn!) attsting to -is -ysi!a sidn! in

Aoan6 -otoga-s o3 t- sidntia otion o3 /aigaya Fd+i "- - sids,

and o3 -is i+nta ina antation, 3a+, 3a+-ous and !o!5 3a+6 t- as!onta!t o' t- /aigaya Fd+i6 and t- dd o3 sa o3 t- ot "- - -as statd

!onstu!ting -is -ous; ? !ai3id, too, t-at - dos not !ai+ sidn! in Aoan at

t- -ous t-n und !onstu!tion6 -is a!tua sidn! is t- +anin otion o3 t-

/aigaya Fd+i uiding;

%- s+ing !ontadi!tions aos 3o+ t- s"on stat+nts o3 so+ Aoan

sidnts attsting t-at t-y n' sa" /ita in Aoan6 t-s a !onto'td y si+ia

s"on stat+nts y ot- Aoan sidnts t-at /ita -ysi!ay sids in Aoan;%- nu+ o3 "itnsss and t-i !on3i!ting !ai+s 3o and against /ita4s sidn!y

aa to -a' sidta!5d t- CO/ELEC; #ustantia 'idn!, -o"', is not a

si+ ustion o3 nu+6 ason d+ands t-at t- 3o!us on "-at t-s di33ing

stat+nts say;


7/214

Fo a+, t- s"on stat+nts t-at /ita -as n' n sn in Aoan

od on t- uni'a and oudy sa5 o3 t-i in-nt "a5nss as 'idn!;

/ita -as stais-d usinss intsts in Aoan, a 3a!t "-i!- t- sondnts-a' n' disutd; ? "as t-n t- in!u+nt t-Ht+ Rsntati' "-o, as ay

as 200, aady nttaind t-oug-ts o3 unning 3o Go'no in 2010; It is not disutd,too, t-at /ita -as statd t- !onstu!tion o3 a -ous on a ot - oug-t 3o+ Rt

%+6 t- sit is 'y na t- /aigaya Fd+i t-at - asd 3o+ its o"n, Ca+Cas;

W-i /ita +ig-t not -a' stayd in Aoan no in Paa"an 3o +ost o3 200

and 200D !aus -is o33i! and a!ti'itis as a Rsntati' " in /ania, it is -ady!di t-at - "oud not sn in Aoan; In t-is gad, t- s"on stat+nt o3 t-

#"nong Barangayo3 Isau, Aoan s-oud !ay a ot +o "ig-t t-an t- stat+nts

o3p"nong barangay o33i!ias s"- sin! it is t- usinss o3 ap"nong barangayto

5no" "-o t- sidnts a in -is o"n barangay; %- CO/ELEC aanty +issd a

t-s !aus it "as 3iatd on t- !i'd !odnss and i+sonaity o3 /ita4sd"ing;

%- atis4 su+ittd do!u+ntay 'idn! i5"is uis !a3u

!onsidation 3o t- !o!t aaisa o3 its 'idntiay 'au; On t- on -and, t-do!u+nt o3 sa o3 t- %+ oty, t- uiding +it 3o t- -ous und

!onstu!tion, and t- !o++unity ta !ti3i!at usd in t-s tansa!tions a statd t-at

/ita4s sidn! "as Puto Pin!sa City; On t- ot- -and, /ita intodu!d anotaid !onta!t o3 as < suotd y t- s"on anation o3 t- sso (Ca+

Cas) < s-o"ing t-at - indd asd /aigaya Fd+i; ? su+ittd, too, a

sidn! !ti3i!at s-o"ing Aoan as -is sidn!, and an idnti3i!ation !ad o3 t-

?ous o3 Rsntati's s-o"ing Aoan as -is sidn!;

W !annot gi' 3u 'idntiay "ig-t to t- !onta!t o3 sa as 'idn! ating

to /ita4s sidn! 3o t"o asons; irst, it is a "nilateral &ontra&t!utd y t-

s (Rt %+)6 t-us, -is stat+nt and i3 as to /ita4s sona!i!u+stan!s !annot ta5n as !on!usi' against t- att; Se&ond, t- sa in'o'd

s'a 'nds, in!uding /ita4s ot- (Ra+on B; /ita) and on Pt Winston %;

Gonas6 -is !oH'nds sti i' in Puto Pin!sa City6 -n!, t-y " a oosyand !o!ti'y ds!id to -a' t-i sidn! in Puto Pin!sa City;

Pant-ti!ay, t- do!u+nt si+y statd: =I, RE%ER %E/PLE, o3 ga ag,

Fiiino, sing and sidnt o3 Isau, Aoan, Paa"an, -y y t-s snts,

do -y SELL, (RA$SER and CO$VE+ unto t- said Vnds, ABRA?A/>A?LIL B; /I%RA, sing6 RA/O$ B; /I%RA, +aid to /ay Ann /ita6 PE%ER

WI$#%O$ %; GO$*ALE#, +aid to Fo!ita R; Gonas, a o3 ga ags and

sidnts 8o39 Ran!-o #ta; /oni!a, Bgy; #ta; /oni!a, Puto Pin!sa City, t-i -isand assigns; %-us, t- !onta!t !ontaind a + gna stat+nt t-at oosy

ds!id t- 'nds as Puto Pin!sa City sidnts; %-is gna stat+nt soy

!a+ 3o+ t- 'ndo;

%- uiding +it, on t- ot- -and, "as 3id y /ita4s sntati', ana!-it!t na+d o-n Muio, "-o aanty i5"is 3id t- 3o+; %-at /ita ony

signd t- uiding +it 3o+ is adiy dis!ni 3o+ an a+ination o3 t- 3a! o3


8/214

t- 3o+6 'n t- stat+nt on -is !o++unity ta !ti3i!at aing a Puto Pin!sa

City sidn! dos not aa in -is -and"iting; #igni3i!anty, /ita4s s!tay < Liia

Ca+oa < attstd t-at it "as s- "-o s!ud t- !o++unity ta !ti3i!at 3o /ita inFuay 200D "it-out t- att4s 5no"dg; Ann =/ o3 t- sondnts4 Ptition

3o t- CO/ELEC indd s-o"s t-at t- !o++unity ta !ti3i!at did not a t-

signatu o3 /ita; /ita s!ud -is o"n !ti3i!at in Aoan on /a!- 1, 200D; %-is!o++unity ta !ti3i!at !ais -is o"n signatu; Pant-ti!ay,perCa+ Cas4s

stat+nt, /ita asd t- 3d+i sidn! in Fuay 200 and statd +o'ing in -is

ongings in /a!- 200, !on3i+ing t- 'a!ity o3 -is Aoan sn! at t- ti+ -s!ud -is !o++unity ta !ti3i!at; In t-s ig-ts, t- Fuay @, 200D !o++unity

ta !ti3i!at, i3 at a, !ais 'y itt 'idntiay 'au;

W- a d"ing uai3is as a sidn! < i.e.,t- d"ing "- a son

+annty intnds to tun to and to +ain < -is o - !aa!ity o in!ination tod!oat t- a!, o t- a!5 o3 it, is i++atia;

#!i3i!ay, it "as ost on t- CO/ELEC +aJoity (ut not on t- &issnt) t-at/ita +ad d3init, at-oug- in!+nta tans3 +o's, as s-o"n y t- undisutd

usinss intsts - -as stais-d in Aoan in 2006 y t- as o3 a d"ing "-- stais-d -is as6 y t- u!-as o3 a ot 3o -is +annt -o+6 y -is tans3

o3 gistation as a 'ot in /a!- 200D6 and y t- !onstu!tion o3 a -ous a 'i"d

against t- a!5do o3 a a!-o Rsntati' "-o snt +ost o3 -is "o5ing -ousin /ania, "-o -ad a "-o !ongssiona disti!t to ta5 !a o3, and "-o "as

stais-ing at t- sa+ ti+ -is signi3i!ant sn! in t- "-o Po'in! o3 Paa"an;

Wit- t-is anaysis and !on!usion in +ind, " !o+ to t- !iti!a ustion o3

"-t- /ita diaty +issntd t-at -is sidn! is in Aoan to d!i' and

+isad t- o o3 t- Po'in! o3 Paa"an;

%- sondnts signi3i!anty as5 us in t-is !as to adot t- sa+ 3auty

aoa!- o3 using suJ!ti' no+s, as t-y no" agu t-at gi%en his stat"re as a

!e!ber o' the pro!inent Mitra &lan o' #ala*an, and as a three ter! &ongress!an, it ishighly in&redible that a s!all roo! in a 'eed !ill has ser%ed as his residen&e sin&e --;

W J!t t-is suggstd aoa!- outig-t 3o t- sa+ ason " !ond+nd t-

CO/ELEC4s us o3 suJ!ti' nonHga standads; /ita4s 3d +i d"ing !annot

!onsidd in isoation and saaty 3o+ t- !i!u+stan!s o3 -is tans3 o3 sidn!,s!i3i!ay, -is e/pressed intentto tans3 to a sidn! outsid o3 Puto Pin!sa City

to +a5 -i+ igi to un 3o a o'in!ia osition6 -is aatoy +o's stating in

ay 2006 -is initia tans3 t-oug- a asd d"ing6 t- u!-as o3 a ot 3o -is+annt -o+6 and t- !onstu!tion o3 a -ous in t-is ot t-at, ant-ti!ay, is

adJa!nt to t- +iss - asd nding t- !o+tion o3 -is -ous; %-s

in!+nta +o's do not o33nd ason at a, in t- "ay t-at t- CO/ELEC4s -ig-ysuJ!ti' nonHga standads do;

PE%I%IO$ GRA$%E&;


9/214

C&2' 8 2 '&: 3&+326& *+ '

C252'&+ S0 :% 2 032' 8 3&++ %2'

#


10/214

2nd&isti!t

Gaina

/iao

$aga

Pii

O!a+o

Cana+an

Ca+aigan

/agaao

Bo+on

Caaanga

??,!99

@d&isti!t

Caa+oan

Ga!-itona

Goa

Lagonoy

Psnta!ion

#angay

#an os

%igaon

%ina+a

#iu+a

#,


11/214

1st&isti!t

& Gago

Ragay

Lui

#io!ot

Causao

1,!

2nd&isti!t

Li+anan

/inaaa!

Pa+ona

Pasa!ao

#an Fnando

Gaina

/iao

#,

@d&isti!t

(3o+y 2nd

&isti!t)

$aga

Pii

O!a+o

Cana+an

Ca+aigan

/agaao

Bo+on

Caaanga

?9,$?

t-&isti!t

(3o+y @d

&isti!t)

Caa+oan

Ga!-itona

Goa

Lagonoy

Psnta!ion

#angay

#an os

%igaon

%ina+a

#iu+a

#,


12/214

Kt-&isti!t

(3o+y t-

&isti!t)

Iiga

Baao

Baatan

Bato

Bu-i

Bua

$aua

?#9,$$

Ptition Auino III "as on o3 t"o snatos "-o 'otd against t- ao'a o3

t- Bi y t- #nat; ?is !oHtition, Rodo, is t- /ayo o3 $aga City, "-i!- "as

a at o3 t- 3o+ s!ond disti!t 3o+ "-i!- t- +uni!iaitis o3 Gaina and /iao" ta5n 3o in!usion in t- n" s!ond disti!t; $o ot- o!a !uti' Joind t-

t"o6 nit- did t- sntati's o3 t- 3o+ t-id and 3out- disti!ts o3 t-o'in!;

Ptitions !ontnd t-at t- aotion+nt intodu!d y Rui! A!t $o; D1,

uns a3ou o3 t- e/pli&it&onstit"tional standardt-at uis a +ini+u+ ouation o3

t"o -undd 3i3ty t-ousand (2K0,000) 3o t- !ation o3 a gisati' disti!t; %-titions !ai+ t-at t- !on3iguation y Rui! A!t $o; D1 o3 t- 3ist and

s!ond disti!ts o3 Ca+ains #u is un!onstitutiona, !aus t- oosd 3ist disti!t

"i nd u "it- a ouation o3 ss t-an 2K0,000 o ony 1,@@;

Ptitions y on #!tion K(@), Ati! VI o3 t- 1D Constitution as asis 3o t-!itd 2K0,000 +ini+u+ ouation standad; %- o'ision ads:

A3& VI

#!tion K; (1)

(@) Ea!- gisati' disti!t s-a !o+is, as 3a as a!ti!a,!ontiguous, !o+a!t, and adJa!nt titoy; E2% / :% 2

032' 8 2 3&2+ : %0'*&* 88/ %0+2'*, &2%6'&, +%233 %26& 2 3&2+ '& &&+&'26&;

%- titions osit t-at t- 2K0,000 3igu aaing in t- ao'H!itd o'isionis t- +ini+u+ ouation ui+nt 3o t- !ation o3 a gisati' disti!t; %-

titions t-oi t-at, sa' in t- !as o3 a n"y !atd o'in!, a!- gisati'

disti!t !atd y Congss +ust suotd y a +ini+u+ ouation o3 at ast2K0,000 in od to 'aid; .nd t-is 'i", isting gisati' disti!ts +ay

aotiond and s'd to 3o+ n" disti!ts, o'idd a!- suting disti!t "i

snt a ouation o3 at ast 2K0,000; On t- ot- -and, i3 t- aotion+nt

"oud sut in t- !ation o3 a gisati' sat snting a oua! o3 ss t-an

12


13/214

2K0,000 in-aitants, t- aotion+nt +ust sti!5n do"n as in'aid 3o nonH

!o+ian! "it- t- +ini+u+ ouation ui+nt;

In suot o3 t-i t-oy, t- titions oint to "-at t-y !ai+ is t- intnt o3t- 3a+s o3 t- 1D Constitution to adot a ouation +ini+u+ o3 2K0,000 in t-

!ation o3 additiona gisati' sats; %- titions agu t-at "-n t-Constitutiona Co++ission 3id t- oigina nu+ o3 disti!t sats in t- ?ous o3

Rsntati's to t"o -undd (200), t-y too5 into a!!ount t- oJ!td nationaouation o3 3i3ty 3i' +iion (KK,000,000) 3o t- ya 1D; A!!oding to t-

titions, KK +iion o sntd y 200 disti!t sntati's tansats to

ro"ghly2K0,000 o 3o 'y on (1) sntati'; %-us, t- 2K0,000 ouationui+nt 3ound in #!tion K(@), Ati! VI o3 t- 1D Constitution is a!tuay asd

on t- ouation !onstant usd y t- Constitutiona Co++ission in distiuting t-

initia 200 gisati' sats;

By "ay o3 su++ay, t- titions !ai+ t-at:

1; Rui! A!t D1 is un!onstitutiona !aus t- n"y

aotiond 3ist disti!t o3 Ca+ains #u 3aid to +t t-

ouation ui+nt 3o t- !ation o3 t- gisati' disti!t as

i!ity o'idd in Ati! VI, #!tion K, Paaga-s (1) and (@) o3t- Constitution and #!tion @ o3 t- Odinan! andd t-to6 and

2; Rui! A!t D1 'ioats t- in!i o3 ootiona sntationas o'idd in Ati! VI, #!tion K aaga-s (1), (@) and () o3 t-

Constitution;

%- o'ision suJ!t o3 t-is !as stats:

Ati! VI

#!tion K; (1) %- ?ous o3 Rsntati's s-a !o+osd o3not +o t-an t"o -undd and 3i3ty ++s, unss ot-"is 3id y

a", "-o s-a !td 3o+ gisati' disti!ts aotiond a+ong t-

o'in!s, !itis and t- /tooitan /ania aa ' 2*2'& :%

%& '057& 8 %& &+&6& '%272'+, 2'* ' %& 72++ 8 2

0'85 2'* &++6& 2,and t-os "-o, as o'idd y a", s-a

!td t-oug- a atyHist syst+ o3 gistd nationa, giona and

s!toa atis o oganiations;

(2)

(@) Ea!- gisati' disti!t s-a !o+is, as 3a as a!ti!a,

!ontiguous, !o+a!t, and adJa!nt titoy; Ea!- !ity "it- a ouation

o3 at ast t"o -undd 3i3ty t-ousand, o a!- o'in!, s-a -a' at aston sntati';

1@


14/214

() Wit-in t- yas 3oo"ing t- tun o3 'y !nsus, t-

Congss s-a +a5 a aotion+nt o3 gisati' disti!ts asd on t-

standads o'idd in t-is s!tion;

On t- ot- -and, t- sondnts, t-oug- t- O33i! o3 t- #oi!ito

Gna, !a attntion to an aant distin!tion t"n !itis and o'in!s da"n y#!tion K(@), Ati! VI o3 t- 1D Constitution; %- sondnts !on!d t- istn!

o3 a 2K0,000 ouation !ondition, ut agu t-at a ain and si+ ading o3 t-ustiond o'ision "i s-o" t-at t- sa+ -as no ai!ation "it- s!t to t-

!ation o3 gisati' disti!ts in o'in!s; Rat-, t- 2K0,000 +ini+u+ ouation is

ony a ui+nt 3o t- !ation o3 a gisati' disti!t in a !ity;

?EL&:

On t- o!dua as!t, t- sondnts asst t-at y !-oosing to a'ai

t-+s's o3 t- +dis o3 Certiorariand Po-iition, t- titions -a' !o++ittd

a 3ata o!dua as; $o 'idn! t-at t-y "i inJud y t- i++ntation o3t- a";

%- #u+ Cout -as, on +o t-an on o!!asion, t+d t- ai!ation o3

o!dua us, as " as ad t- ui+nt o3 lo&"s standi"-n' !on3ontd

"it- an i+otant issu o3 o'a!-ing signi3i!an! to so!ity;

?n!, in Del Mar v. Pilippine !"use"ent and #a"in$ %orporation

&P!#%'R(andJawors)i v. P!#%'R, t-is Cout san!tiond +o+ntay d'iation 3o+

t- in!i o3 t- -ia!-y o3 !outs, and too5 oigina !ognian! o3 !ass aising

issus o3 aa+ount ui! i+otan!; %-Jawors)i caseatio!inats:

Ganting agundo t-at t- snt a!tion !annot oytatd as a tition 3o o-iition, %& 2'+&'*&'23 52'& 8%& ++0&+ '636&* ' %+ 2+& :22'+ %2 :& +& 2+*& %& &%'23

*&8&+ 2'* 2& 52/ 0+*' 6& %& &' 2 72; On!annot dny t-at t- issus aisd -in -a' otntiay 'asi'

in3un! on t- so!ia and +oa " ing o3 t-is nation, s!iay t-

yout-6 -n!, t-i o and Just dt+ination is an i+ati' nd;

T%+ + ' 2*2'& :% %& :&33-&'&'%&* '3& %2 03&+ 8

&*0& 2& ' '83&73& 3+ *&+'&* %'*& *&32/, 70

8232& 2'* 5& %& 2*5'+2' 8 0+&. T%& + 2'*

* 232', :%% :03* &+03 ' &%'23&+ %2 &'* 80+2&, 2%& %2' 5& +07+2'23 0+&, 50+ 23:2/+ 7&

&+%&:&*; (E+-asis suid)

Annt t- lo&"s standi ui+nt, t-is Cout -as aady uni3o+y ud in

*ilosba+an v. #uin$ona, Tatad v. E-ecutive ecretar+, %avez v. Public Estates!utorit+ and Ba$on$ !l+ansan$ Ma)aba+an v. /a"ora, Just to na+ a 3", t-at

asn! o3 di!t inJuy on t- at o3 t- aty s5ing Judi!ia 'i" +ay !usd

"-n t- att is a to !a3t an issu o3 tans!ndnta i+otan!; In Li" v.E-ecutive ecretar+, t-is Cout -d t-at in !ass o3 tans!ndnta i+otan!, t- !ass

+ust sttd o+ty and d3inity, and so, t- standing ui+nts +ay

1


15/214

ad; %-is ia stan! -as n !-od in t- +o !nt d!ision on %avez v.

#onzales.

W go di!ty to t- dt+ination o3 "-t- o not a ouation o3 2K0,000 isan indisnsa !onstitutiona ui+nt 3o t- !ation o3 a n" gisati' disti!t in

a o'in!;

%- isno s!i3i! o'ision in t- Constitution t-at 3is a 2K0,000 +ini+u+

ouation t-at +ust !o+os a gisati' disti!t;

As aady +ntiond, t- titions y on t- s!ond sntn! o3 #!tion K(@),Ati! VI o3 t- 1D Constitution, !oud "it- "-at t-y !i' to t- intnt o3

t- 3a+s o3 t- Constitution to adot a +ini+u+ ouation o3 2K0,000 3o a!-

gisati' disti!t;

%- s!ond sntn! o3 #!tion K(@), Ati! VI o3 t- Constitution, su!!in!ty

o'ids: =Ea&h &ity *ith a pop"lation o' at least t*o h"ndred 'i'ty tho"sand, or ea&hpro%in&e, shall ha%e at least one representati%e;

%- o'ision da"s a ain and !a distin!tion t"n t- ntit+nt o3 a !ityto a disti!t on on -and, and t- ntit+nt o3 a o'in! to a disti!t on t- ot-; Fo

"-i a o'in! is ntitd to at ast a sntati', "it- not-ing +ntiond aout

ouation, a !ity +ust 3ist +t a ouation +ini+u+ o3 2K0,000 in od to

si+iay ntitd;

%- us y t- suJ!t o'ision o3 a !o++a to saat t- -as =a!- !ity

"it- a ouation o3 at ast t"o -undd 3i3ty t-ousand 3o+ t- -as =o a!-

o'in! oint to no ot- !on!usion t-an t-at t- 2K0,000 +ini+u+ ouation is onyuid 3o a !ity, ut not 3o a o'in!;

Painy ad, #!tion K(@) o3 t- Constitution uis a #


16/214

Ptitions !annot insist t-at t- addition o3 anot- gisati'

disti!t in /a5ati is not in a!!od "it- s!tion K(@), Ati! VI o3 t-

Constitution 3o as o3 t- atst su'y (1DD0 !nsus), t- ouation o3/a5ati stands at ony 3ou -undd 3i3ty t-ousand (K0,000); #aid s!tion

o'ids, inter alia, t-at a !ity "it- a ouation o3 at least t*o h"ndred

'i'ty tho"sand (2K0,000) s-a -a' at least one representati%e; E6&'2'' %2 %& 032' 8 M22 2+ 8 %& 199$ &'+0+ +* 2

80 %0'*&* 88/ %0+2'* (?


17/214

DISSENTING OPINION

%!RP3', J;:

%- +aJoity oinion "a5s -a'o! on t- do!5 in!i o3 ou =d+o!ati!

and ui!an #tat t-at all votes are e4ual; Instad, t- +aJoity oinion intodu!st- O"ian !on!t t-at so"e votes are "ore e4ual tan oters ; %- +aJoity oinion

ao"s, 3o t- 3ist ti+ und t- 1D Constitution, 'ots in a gisati' disti!t

!atd y Congss to snd on sntati' to Congss 'n i3 t- disti!t -as aouation o3 ony 1,@@; In s-a !ontast, a ot- gisati' disti!ts !atd y

Congss snd on sntati' a!- !aus t-y a +t t- +ini+u+ ouation

ui+nt o3 2K0,000;

%- assaid Rui! A!t $o; D1 (RA D1) is un!onstitutiona 3o ing uttyugnant to t- !a and !is =+2'*2*+ s!id in #!tion K, Ati! VI o3 t-

1D Constitution 3o t- !ation o3 gisati' disti!ts; #!tion K() o3 Ati! VI

+andats t-at =C'&++ +%233 52& 2 &2'5&' 8 3&+326& *++ 72+&*' %& standards 3id in #!tion K; %-s !onstitutiona standads, as 3a as ouation

is !on!nd, a: (1) '23 &&+&'2'= (#) 5'505 032' 8#


18/214

t- u on ootiona sntation s-a ay 0'853/ in t- aotion+nt o3

'y gisati' disti!t;

%- -as =' 2*2'& :% %& '057& 8 %& &+&6& '%272'+,"-i!- !ds t- -as =provinces, citiesand t- /tooitan /ania aa, +ans

t-at gisati' disti!ts in 6'&+, &+and t- /tooitan /ania aa s-a aotiond a!!oding to '23 &&+&'2' &J023 &&+&'2' 8

&J023 '057&+ 8 &3&; %-us, t- s-a on gisati' disti!t 3o 'y gi'nnu+ o3 o, "-t- in-aiting in 6'&+, &+o t- /tooitan /ania

aa;

%- -as =' %& 72++ 8 2 0'85 2 +ans t-at t- atio o3 ongisati' disti!t 3o 'y gi'n nu+ o3 o s-a aid 0'853/ in a

aotion+nts, "-t- in 6'&+, &+o t- /tooitan /ania aa; #!tion

K(@) o3 Ati! VI +andats t-at =8&92% / :% 2 032' 8 2 3&2+ : %0'*&*

88/ %0+2'* +%233 %26& 2 3&2+ '& &&+&'26&. Consunty, a

ouation o3 2K0,000 s's as t- d3aut +ini+u+ ouation ai!a to 'ygisati' disti!t 3oo"ing t- u on uni3o+ity in t- aotion+nt o3 gisati'

disti!ts, "-t- in o'in!s, !itis o in t- /tooitan /ania aa;

%- -as =&++6& 2 +ans t-at t- nu+ o3 gisati' disti!tss-a in!as as t- nu+ o3 t- ouation in!ass, "-t- in 6'&+, &+o

t- /tooitan /ania aa; %-us, a o'in! s-a -a' on gisati' disti!t i3 it -as

a ouation o3 2K0,000, and t"o gisati' disti!ts i3 it -as K00,000; %-is insus t-atootiona sntation is +aintaind i3 t- a in!ass in t- ouation o3 a

6'&, /, o t- /tooitan /ania aa; %-is is "-at is +ant y a =&++6&2 in t- aotion+nt o3 gisati' disti!ts, a atio t-at +ust aso uni3o+y

aid;

%- Constitution its3 o'ids t- =+2'*2*+ against "-i!- aotion+nt

a"s i5 RA D1 "i tstd, 3oo"ing its !o++and t-at =Congss s-a +a5 a

aotion+nt o3 gisati' disti!ts based on te standards provided in tis section,

&8&' S&'


19/214

!o++and t-at =gisati' disti!ts 8s-a 9 aotiond a+ong t- provinces, cities,

and t- /tooitan /ania aa in a&&ordan&e *ith the n"!ber o' their respe&ti%e

inhabitants, and on the basis o' a unifor"and progressi%e ratio; T &&2&, %&

C'+0' 552'*+ %2 %+ 03& ' 0'85/ +%233 23/ 3&+326&

*++ ' provinces, cities, 2'* %& M&32' M2'32 2&2; Ot-"is, disti!ts

aotiond in o'in!s, i3 3d 3o+ t- +ini+u+ ouation ui+nt, "i -a'!onstitun!is t"o, 3ou, tn ti+s o" t-an in disti!ts aotiond in !itis, 'ioating

t- !onstitutiona !o++and t-at aotion+nt s-a asd on a unifor" atio in

=provinces, cities,and t- /tooitan /ania aa;

I' +%, %& '+0'23 standards ' %& 2'5&' 8 3&+326&

*++ 0'*& S&' < 8 A3& VI, 2+ 82 2+ 032' + '&'&*, 2&; (1)

'23 &&+&'2'= (#) 2 5'505 population of at least two undred fift+

tousand & 3&+326& *+= () &++6& 2 ' %& '&2+& 8 3&+326&

*++ 2+ %& 032' 72+& '&2+&+= 2'* (?) 0'85/ ' %& 2'5&'

8 3&+326& *++ ' provinces, cities, and te Metropolitan Manila area.

RA D1 gossy +aaotions Ca+ains #u4s oosd 3i' gisati' disti!ts

y 3outing t- standads o3 ootiona sntation a+ong gisati' disti!ts andt- +ini+u+ ouation gisati' disti!t;

B2+&* ' %& #$$ &'+0+, %& +&* F+ D+ 0'*& RA 91 :33

%26& 2 032' 8 '3/ 1,!, :%% + #9 7&3: %& '+0'23 5'505

032' 8 #


20/214

622'& 8 &6&' 3&++ %2' 1 + 0''+0'23in t- asn! o3 oo3 o3 a good

3ait- 33ot to a!-i' a +at-+ati!ay a!t aotion+nt;

Euay i+otant, RA D1 'ioats t- +ini+u+ ouation ui+nt o32K0,000 in !ating t- oosd Fist &isti!t, :%% :33 %26& 2 032' 8 '3/

1,!. %- +ini+u+ ouation o3 2K0,000 gisati' disti!t ad+its o3 no'aian! and +ust !o+id "it- to t- ast digit; %- Constitution +andats a

ouation o3 =at leastt"o -undd 3i3ty t-ousand 3o a gisati' disti!t in a !ity, andund t- in!i o3 =unifor" and pro$ressive ratio, 3o 'y gisati' disti!t in

o'in!s and in t- /tooitan /ania aa;

%- di!ti' in #!tion K(@) o3 Ati! VI t-at =a!- o'in!, s-a -a' at aston sntati' +ans ony t-at "-n a o'in! is !atd, a gisati' disti!t +ust

aso !atd "it- it; Can t-is disti!t -a' a ouation o" 2K0,000 %o ans" in

t- a33i+ati' is to igno t- !onstitutiona +andat t-at disti!ts in o'in!s

aotiond =in a!!odan! "it- t- nu+ o3 t-i s!ti' in-aitants, and on t-

asis o3 a uni3o+ and ogssi' atio; %-at t- Constitution n' +ant to e/&l"deo'in!s 3o+ t- ui+nt o3 ootiona sntation is 'idnt in t- oning

o'ision o3 #!tion K(1), "-i!- stats:

%- ?ous o3 Rsntati's s-a !o+osd o3 ++s, , "-o s-a !td3o+ gisati' disti!ts aotiond a+ong t-

provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila aa in a&&ordan&e *ith

the n"!ber o' their respe&ti%e inhabitants, and on t- asis o3 a unifor"

and pro$ressive ratio ; (Bod3a!ing and unds!oing suid)

In s-ot, t- Constitution !ay +andats t-at t- !ation o3 gisati' disti!ts

in 6'&+, &+and t- /tooitan /ania aa +ust !o+y "it- ootionasntation, ' %& 72++ 8 2 0'85 2'* &++6& 2;

In !ontast, Congss na!td RA D1 in t- !is o3 its le$islative powersund t- 1D Constitution and +07& %& &2'5&' +2'*2*+ ' S&'


21/214

!ating a gisati' disti!t in t- City o3 /aoos, "-i!- -as a ouation Just s-ot o3

t- 2K0,000 +ini+u+ ui+nt;

Psonaity to su6 !as is +oot andPsonaity to su6 !as is +oot and

a!ad+i!a!ad+i!ALAN PAGUIA VS. OFFICE OF THEALAN PAGUIA VS. OFFICE OF THE

PRESIDENT AND HILARIO DAVIDE, JR.,PRESIDENT AND HILARIO DAVIDE, JR.,

G.R. No. 176278, June 25, 21G.R. No. 176278, June 25, 21

CARPIO,J.:

I##.E:

/ay Congss 'aidy i+it t- Psidnt4s ogati' to no!inate a+assados ygisating ag uai3i!ations dsit t- !onstitutiona u i+iting Congss4 o in t-

aoint+nt o3 a+assados to t- Co++ission on Aoint+nts4 &on'ir!ation o3no+ins;

&os t- tition -as t- sonaity to su #-a t- #C dis+iss t- tition on

said gound and d3s anot- day t- soution o3 t- ustion aisd, no' and

3unda+nta it +ay

Ptition Aan F; Paguia, as !itin and taay, 3id t-is oigina a!tion 3o t-

"it o3 !tioai to in'aidat Psidnt Goia /a!aagaHAoyo4s no+ination o3

sondnt 3o+ C-i3 usti! ?iaio G; &a'id, ; (sondnt &a'id) as P+anntRsntati' to t- .nitd $ations (.$) 3o 'ioation o3 #!tion 2@ o3 Rui! A!t$o; 1K (RA 1K), t- P-iiin Foign #'i! A!t o3 1DD1; Ptition agus t-at

sondnt &a'id4s ag at t-at ti+ o3 -is no+ination in /a!- 200, 0, disuai3is

-i+ 3o+ -oding -is ost; Ptition gounds -is agu+nt on #!tion 2@ o3 RA 1Kgging t- +andatoy ti+nt ag o3 a o33i!s and +oys o3 t- &at+nt o3

Foign A33ais (&FA) at K; Ptition t-ois t-at #!tion 2@ i+oss an asout u

3o a &FA +oys, !a o nonH!a6 t-us, sondnt &a'id4s nty into t-&FA an5s dis!i+inats against t- st o3 t- &FA o33i!ias and +oys;

In t-i saat Co++nts, sondnt &a'id, t- O33i! o3 t- Psidnt, and

t- #!tay o3 Foign A33ais (sondnts) ais t-s-od issus against t- tition;Fist, t-y ustion tition4s standing to ing t-is suit !aus o3 -is ind3initsusnsion 3o+ t- a!ti! o3 a"; #!ond, t- O33i! o3 t- Psidnt and t- #!tay

o3 Foign A33ais (ui! sondnts) agu t-at nit- tition4s !itins-i no -is

taay status 'sts -i+ "it- standing to ustion sondnt &a'id4s aoint+nt!aus tition +ains "it-out sona and sustantia intst in t- out!o+ o3 a

suit "-i!- dos not in'o' t- taing o" o3 t- stat o t- iga disus+nt o3

ui! 3unds; %-id, ui! sondnts ustion t- oity o3 t-is tition, !ontnding

t-at t-is suit is in tut- a tition 3o )"o *arranto"-i!- !an ony 3id y a !ontnd3o t- o33i! in ustion;

21


22/214

?d:

%- tition snts no !as o !onto'sy 3o tition4s a!5 o3 !aa!ity to

su and +ootnss;

irst; Ptition4s !itins-i and taay status do not !ot- -i+ "it- standingto ing t-is suit; W -a' gantd a!!ss to !itin4s suits on t- nao"st o3 gound:

"-n t-y ais issus o3 =tans!ndnta i+otan! !aing 3o ugnt soution; %-

3a!tos a 'ant in ou dt+ination to ao" t-id aty suits so " !an a!- andso' t- +its o3 t- !u!ia issus aisd < t- !-aa!t o3 3unds o assts in'o'd

in t- !onto'sy, a !a disgad o3 !onstitutiona o statutoy o-iition, and t- a!5

o3 any ot- aty "it- a +o di!t and s!i3i! intst to ing t- suit; $on o3tition4s agations !o+s !os to any o3 t-s aa+ts;

%- sa+ !on!usion -ods tu 3o tition4s in'o!ation o3 -is taay status;

%aays4 !ontiutions to t- stat4s !o33s ntit t-+ to ustion aoiations 3o

nditus "-i!- a !ai+d to un!onstitutiona o iga; ?o"', t- saaisand n3its sondnt &a'id !i'd !o++nsuat to -is dio+ati! an5 a 3id

y a" and ot- !uti' issuan!s, t- 3unding 3o "-i!- "as in!udd in t-

aoiations 3o t- &FA4s tota nditus !ontaind in t- annua udgts Congssassd sin! sondnt &a'id4s no+ination; ?a'ing assu+d o33i! und !oo o3

aut-oity (aoint+nt), sondnt &a'id is at ast a de 'a&too33i! ntitd to da"

saay, ngating tition4s !ai+ o3 =iga nditu o3 s!a! ui! 3unds;

A su'ning 'nt -as ndd t-is !as a!ad+i! and t- i3 ayd 3o

+oot; Rsondnt &a'id signd -is ost at t- .$ on 1 Ai2010;

Power of control of te President overPower of control of te President over

offices under te e-ecutive depart"ent5offices under te e-ecutive depart"ent5

power to underta)e 6re7or$anization8.power to underta)e 6re7or$anization8.ATTY. SYLVIA BANDA ET AL VS. ERMITA, G.R.ATTY. SYLVIA BANDA ET AL VS. ERMITA, G.R.

N. 1#$, A3 #$, #$1$N. 1#$, A3 #$, #$1$

%- $ationa Pss O33i! "as 3o+d on uy 2K, 1D, duing t- t+ o3

3o+ Psidnt Coaon C; Auino (Psidnt Auino), y 'itu o3 E!uti' Od

$o; 2K "-i!- o'idd, a+ong ot-s, t- !ation o3 t- $PO 3o+ t- +g o3 t-Go'n+nt Pinting O33i! and t- 'ant inting units o3 t- P-iiin In3o+ation

Agn!y (PIA);

On O!to 2K, 200, Psidnt Aoyo issud t- -in assaid E!uti'

Od $o; @, a+nding #!tion o3 E!uti' Od $o; 2K y, inter alia, +o'ingt- !usi' Juisdi!tion o3 t- $PO o' t- inting s'i!s ui+nts o3

go'n+nt agn!is and instu+ntaitis; %- tinnt otions o3 E!uti' Od

$o; @, in tun,o'id:

SECTION 1; %- $PO +%233 ''0& 6*& ''

+&6&+ 6&'5&' 2&'&+ 2'* '+05&'23&+ 2+ 52'*2&*

7/ 32:. H:&6&, +%233 ' 3'& &'/ &30+6& 0+*' 6&

22


23/214

%& '' +&6&+ &J0&5&'+ 8 %& 6&'5&' 6& +2'*2*

2'* 20'273& 85+; I +%233 %26& 5&& :% %& 62&

+&, && ' %& '' 8 &3&' 22%&'232 "-i!- !oud s-ad "it- t- Bang5o #nta ng Piiinas, uon t- dis!tion o3 t-

Co++ission on E!tions !onsistnt "it- t- o'isions o3 t- E!tion

Cod o3 1D;

Pusuant toE!uti' Od $o; @, go'n+nt agn!is and instu+ntaitisa ao"d to sou! t-i inting s'i!s 3o+ t- i'at s!to t-oug- !o+titi'

idding, suJ!t to t- !ondition t-at t- s'i!s o33d y t- i'at sui o3

suio uaity and o" in !ost !o+ad to "-at "as o33d y t- $PO; E!uti'Od $o; @asoi+itd $PO4s aoiation in t- Gna Aoiations A!t to its

in!o+;

P!i'ing E!uti' Od $o; @ as a t-at to t-i s!uity o3 tnu as

+oys o3 t- $PO, titions no" !-ang its !onstitutionaity, !ontnding t-at:

(1) it is yond t- !uti' o"s o3 Psidnt Aoyo to a+nd o a E!uti'Od $o; 2K issud y 3o+ Psidnt Auino "-n t- att sti !isd

gisati' o"s6 and (2) E!uti' Od $o; @ 'ioats titions4 s!uity o3tnu, !aus it a's t- "ay 3o t- gadua aoition o3 t- $PO;

?EL&:

As to t- +its o3 t- !as, t- tition aiss t"o +ain gounds to assai t-

!onstitutionaity o3 E!uti' Od $o; @:

F+, it is !ontndd t-at Psidnt Aoyo !annot a+nd o a E!uti'

Od $o; 2K y t- + issuan! o3 anot- !uti' od (E!uti' Od $o;@); Ptitions +aintain t-at 3o+ Psidnt Auino4s E!uti' Od $o; 2K is a

gisati' na!t+nt, as t- sa+ "as issud "-i Psidnt Auino sti -ad gisati'o"s und t- Fdo+ Constitution6 t-us, ony Congss t-oug- gisation !an

'aidy a+nd E!uti' Od $o; 2K;

S&'*, titions +aintain t-at t- issuan! o3 E!uti' Od $o; @ "oud

ad to t- 'ntua aoition o3 t- $PO and "oud 'ioat t- s!uity o3 tnu o3$PO +oys;

Annt t- 3ist gound aisd in t- tition, " 3ind t- sa+ atnty "it-out

+it;

It is a "Hsttd in!i in Juisudn! t-at t- Psidnt -as t- o" to

ogani t- o33i!s and agn!is in t- !uti' dat+nt in in "it- t-

P&+*&'4+ '+0'233/ 2'&* :& 8 '3 6& &&06& 88&+ 2'* 7/

60& 8 &60+ *&3&2' 8 %& 3&+326& :& &2'& &&06& 88&+

0'*& &+' +20&+.

In B"4lod ng 5a*aning E66B %. 7a!ora, t- Cout ointd out t-at E!uti'

Od $o; 2D2 o t- Ad+inistati' Cod o3 1D gi's t- Psidnt !ontinuing

2@


24/214

aut-oity to ogani and d3in t- 3un!tions o3 t- O33i! o3 t- Psidnt; #!tion

@1, C-at 10, %it III, Boo5 III o3 t- said Cod, is i!it:

#!; @1; Continuing Aut-oity o3 t- Psidnt to Rogani -isO33i!; < %- Psidnt, +07& %& 3/ ' %& E&06& O88&

2'* ' *& 2%&6& +53/, &'5/ 2'* &88&'/, +%233 %26&''0' 20%/ &2'& %& 2*5'+26& +00& 8 %&

O88& 8 %& P&+*&'; Fo t-is uos, - +ay ta5 any o3 t-3oo"ing a!tions:

(1) R&+00& %& '&'23 2'2' 8 %&

O88& 8 %& P&+*&' P&, in!uding t- i++diat

O33i!s, t- Psidnt #!ia AssistantsAd'iss #yst+

and t- Co++on #ta33 #uot #yst+, 7/ 273+%',

'+3*2' 5&' 0'+ %&&8 2'+8&'

80''+ 85 '& 0' 2'%&6

(2) T2'+8& 2'/ 80'' 0'*& %& O88& 8

%& P&+*&' 2'/ %& D&25&' A&'/ as

" as 2'+8& 80''+ %& O88& 8 %& P&+*&'

3o+ ot- &at+nts and Agn!is6 and

(@) T2'+8& 2'/ 2&'/0'*& %& O88& 8 %&

P&+*&' 2'/ %& *&25&' 2&'/as " as

2'+8& 2&'&+ %& O88& 8 %& P&+*&' 3o+

ot- &at+nts o agn!is; (E+-ass ous;)

%- Constitution4s ss gant o3 t- o" o3 !onto in t- Psidnt Justi3isan !uti' a!tion to !ay out oganiation +asus und a oad aut-oity o3 a";

In na!ting a statut, t- gisatu is su+d to -a' diatd "it- 3u5no"dg o3 a isting a"s and Juisudn! on t- suJ!t; It is t-us asona to

!on!ud t-at in assing a statut "-i!- a!s an agn!y und t- O33i! o3 t-

Psidnt, it "as in a!!odan! "it- isting a"s and Juisudn! on t- Psidnt4so" to ogani;

In stais-ing an !uti' dat+nt, uau o o33i!, t- gisatun!ssaiy odains an !uti' agn!y4s osition in t- s!-+ o3 ad+inistati'

stu!tu; #u!- dt+ination is i+ay, ut suJ!t to t- Psidnt4s !ontinuing

aut-oity to ogani t- ad+inistati' stu!tu; As 3a as uaus, agn!is o o33i!sin t- !uti' dat+nt a !on!nd, t- o" o3 !onto +ay Justi3y t- Psidnt

to da!ti'at t- 3un!tions o3 a ati!ua o33i!; O a a" +ay ssy gant t-

Psidnt t- oad aut-oity to !ay out oganiation +asus; %- Ad+inistati'

Cod o3 1D is on su!- a";

%- issuan! o3 E!uti' Od $o; @ y Psidnt Aoyo is an !is o3 a

dgatd gisati' o" gantd y t- a3o+ntiond #!tion @1, C-at 10, %it

III, Boo5 III o3 t- Ad+inistati' Cod o3 1D, "-i!- o'ids 3o t- !ontinuing

2


25/214

aut-oity o3 t- Psidnt to ogani t- O33i! o3 t- Psidnt, =in od to a!-i'

si+i!ity, !ono+y and 33i!in!y;

%-is ings us to t- s!ond gound aisd in t- tition


26/214

t-at - "as dnid du o!ss sin! - "as not in3o+d o3 "-at !onstitutd t- agd

unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t and "ant o3 !aa!ity t-at d to -is t+ination;

THE ISSUES

In t-is tition, t- Ci'i #'i! Co++ission su+its t- 3oo"ing 3o ou!onsidation:

I. The dropping of respondent from the rolls of the localgovernment unit of Lemery, Batangas was in accord with CivilService Law, rules and jurisprudence.

II. The respondent resorted to a wrong mode of appeal and violatedthe rule on ehaustion of administrative remedies and the corollarydoctrine of primary jurisdiction.!

%- in!ia issu, t-3o, is "-t- o not t- t+ination o3

/agnay "as in a!!odan! "it- t- tinnt a"s and t- us;

%- igiiity o3 sondnt /agnay -as not n ut in issu;

THE COURT4S RULING

%- Cout u-ods t- d!ision o3 t- Cout o3 Aas;

%- C#C, in aguing t-at /agnay4s t+ination "as in a!!od "it- t- Ci'i #'i!a", !itd #!tion (a), Ru II o3 t- 1DD C#C O+nius Rus on Aoint+nts and

Ot- Psonn A!tions "-i!- o'ids t-at:

Sec. ". #ature of appointment. The nature of appointment shall $eas follows%

a. &riginal ' refers to the initial entry into the career service ofpersons who meet all the re(uirements of the position.

It is understood that the first si months of the service following anoriginal appointment will $e pro$ationary in nature and the

appointee shall undergo a thorough character investigation. )pro$ationer may $e dropped from the service for unsatisfactoryconduct or want of capacity anytime $efore the epiration of thepro$ationary period. *rovided that such action is appeala$le to theCommission.

+owever, if no notice of termination for unsatisfactory conduct isgiven $y the appointing authority to the employee $efore theepiration of the simonth pro$ationary period, the appointmentautomatically $ecomes permanent.

2


27/214

.nd Ci'i #'i! us, t- 3ist si +ont-s o3 s'i! 3oo"ing a +annt

aoint+nt s-a oationay in natu, and t- oation +ay dod 3o+

t- s'i! 3o unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t o "ant o3 !aa!ity anyti+ 3o t- iationo3 t- oationay iod;

%- C#C is o3 t- osition t-at a !i'i s'i! +oy dos not nJoy s!uity o3 tnuduing -is H+ont- oationay iod; It su+its t-at an +oy4s s!uity o3 tnu

stats ony a3t t- oationay iod; #!i3i!ay, it agud t-at =an aoint undan oigina aoint+nt !annot a"3uy in'o5 ig-t to s!uity o3 tnu unti a3t t-

iation o3 su!- iod and o'idd t-at t- aoint -as not n noti3id o3 t-

t+ination o3 s'i! o 3ound unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t 3o t- iation o3 t-sa+;

%- C#C osition is !ontay to t- Constitution and t- Ci'i #'i! La" its3;

#!tion @ (2) Ati! 1@ o3 t- Constitution guaants t- ig-ts o3 all wor)ersnot Just

in t+s o3 s3Hoganiation, !o!ti' againing, a!3u !on!td a!ti'itis, t-

ig-t to sti5 "it- uai3i!ations, -u+an !onditions o3 "o5 and a i'ing "ag ut asoto securit+ of tenure, and #!tion 2(@), Ati! IHB is +-ati! in saying t-at, 9no

officer or e"plo+ee of te civil service sall be re"oved or suspended e-cept for cause

as provided b+ law.9

Consistnty, #!tion (a) o3 t- Ci'i #'i! La" o'ids t-at 6no officer or

e"plo+ee in te %ivil ervice sall be suspended or dis"issed e-cept for cause as

provided b+ law after due process.8

Ou Constitution, in using t- ssions =a "o5s and =no o33i! o +oy,

uts no distin!tion t"n a oationay and a +annt o gua +oy "-i!-

+ans t-at ot- oationay and +annt +oys nJoy s!uity o3 tnu;Poationay +oys nJoy s!uity o3 tnu in t- sns t-at duing t-ioationay +oy+nt, t-y !annot dis+issd !t 3o !aus o 3o 3aiu to

uai3y as gua +oys; %-is "as !ay stssd in t- !as o3Land Ban4 o' the

#hilippines %. Ro*ena #aden, "- it "as "ittn:

To put the case in its proper perspective, we $egin with a discussionon the respondent-s right to security of tenure. )rticle I /B0,Section 1/20 of the 3456 Constitution epressly provides that78n9o officer or employee of the civil service shall $e removed orsuspended ecept for cause provided $y law.7 )t the outset, we

emphasi:e that the aforementioned constitutional provisiondoes not distinguish between a regular employee and aprobationary employee. In the recent case of Daza v. Lugo weruled that%

The Constitution provides that 78#9o officer oremployee of the civil service shall $e removed orsuspended ecept for cause provided $y law.7 Sec. 1;,par. 3, Chapter , Title I) of the ?evised)dministrative Code of 3456 states%

2


28/214

)ll such persons /appointees who meet all there(uirements of the position0 must serve apro$ationary period of si months following theiroriginal appointment and shall undergo a thoroughcharacter investigation in order to ac(uire permanent

civil service status. ) pro$ationer may $e droppedfrom the service for unsatisfactory conduct or want ofcapacity any time $efore the epiration of thepro$ationary period@ *rovided, That such action isappeala$le to the Commission.

Thus, the services of respondent as aprobationary employeemay only $e terminatedfor a just cause, that is, unsatisfactory conduct orwant of capacity. 8Amphasis supplied9

.

the only difference $etween regular and pro$ationaryemployees from the perspective of due process is that the latter-stermination can $e $ased on the wider ground of failure to complywith standards made =nown to them when they $ecamepro$ationary employees.!

%- !onstitutiona and statutoy guaant o3 s!uity o3 tnu is tnddto ot- t-os in t- !a and nonH!a s'i! ositions, and t- !aus und

"-i!- an +oy +ay +o'd o susndd +ust natuay -a' so+

ation to t- !-aa!t o 3itnss o3 t- o33i! o +oy, 3o t- dis!-ag o3t- 3un!tions o3 -is o33i!, o iation o3 t- oJ!t 3o "-i!- t- +oy+nt

"as tndd; Fut-, "Hntn!-d is t- u on s!uity o3 tnu t-at su!-

an aoint+nt is issud and t- +o+nt t- aoint assu+s a osition in t-!i'i s'i! und a !o+td aoint+nt, - a!uis a ga, not +y

uita ig-t (to t- osition), "-i!- is ot!td not ony y statut, ut aso y

t- Constitution 8Ati! IHB, #!tion 2, aaga- (@)9 and !annot ta5n a"ay

3o+ -i+ it- y 'o!ation o3 t- aoint+nt, o y +o'a, !t 3o !aus,and "it- 'ious noti! and -aing;

W-i t- C#C !ontnds t-at a oationay +oy dos not nJoy s!uity o3

tnu, its O+nius Rus !ognis t-at su!- an +oy !annot t+inatd !t3o !aus; $ot t-at in t- O+nius Rus it !itd, a d!ision o od doing a

oation 3o+ t- s'i! 3o unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t o "ant o3 !aa!ity anyti+

3o t- iation o3 t- oationay iod is appealable to theCommission. %-is !an ony +an t-at a oationay +oy !annot 3id at"i;

W-i unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t and "ant o3 !aa!ity a 'aid !auss t-at +ay

in'o5d 3o dis+issa 3o+ t- s'i!, t- CA os'd t-at t- /+oandu+ issud y/ayo BndaQa t+inating /agnay4s +oy+nt did not s!i3y t- a!ts !onstituting

2


29/214

-is "ant o3 !aa!ity and unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t; It +y statd t-at t- !-aa!t

in'stigation !ondu!td duing -is oationay iod s-o"d t-at -is +oy+nt

=nd not n!ssay to +annt in status; #!i3i!ay, t- noti! o3 t+inationaty ads:

ou are here$y notified that your service as tility Dor=er I, thismunicipality under si /;0 month pro$ationary period, isconsidered terminated for unsatisfactory conduct or want ofcapacity, effective )ugust 3", 1EE3.

ou are further notified that after a thorough characterinvestigation made during your such pro$ationary period under myadministration, your appointment for employment need not benecessary to be automatically permanent in status.

%-is noti! indisutay a!5s t- dtais o3 /agnay4s unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t o "ant o3

!aa!ity; #!tion VI, 2;2() o3 t- O+nius Guidins on Aoint+nts and ot-Psonn A!tions (C#C /+oandu+ Ci!ua $o; @, #is o3 1DD@, as a+ndd yC#C /+oandu+ Ci!ua $o; 12, #is o3 1DD), o'ids:

1.1. nsatisfactory or *oor *erformance

$. )n official who, for one evaluation period, is rated poor inperformance, may $e dropped from the rolls 28& *0& '&. Fue

notice shall mean that the officer or employee is informed in writingof the status of his performance not later than the fourth month ofthat rating period with sufficient warning that failure to improve hisperformance within the remaining period of the semester shallwarrant his separation from the service. Such '& +%233 23+'2' +088&' '852' :%% +%233 &'273& %& &53/&&

&2& 2' &32'2'. 8Amphasis and underscoring supplied9

/agnay assts t-at no 3o+an! 'auation "as +ad t"n/a!- 2001 "-n - "as -id y /ayo Rosas unti August 1, 2001 "-n -is

s'i!s " t+inatd y /ayo BndaQa; It "as ony on uy 2D, #$$, at

/ayo BndaQa4s -st, t-at -is t"o su'isos ad and su+ittd t-'auation ot a3t t- C#CROHIV di!td -i+ to 3i an ans" to

/agnay4s aa;

%-is -as not n uttd; It ing not disutd, it "as an o on t- at o3 t-

C#CROHIV to y on su!- atd 3o+an! aaisa; Co++on sns di!tats t-att- 'auation ot, su+ittd ony in 200@, !oud not -a' n t- asis 3o

/agnay4s t+ination;

2D


30/214


31/214

/agnay "as dnid pro&ed"ral du o!ss "-n - !i'd -is noti! o3

t+ination ony a day 3o - "as dis+issd 3o+ t- s'i!; E'idnty, - "as

33!ti'y di'd o3 t- ootunity to d3nd -i+s3 3o+ t- !-ag t-at - a!5dt- !aa!ity to do -is "o5 and t-at -is !ondu!t "as unsatis3a!toy; As ", duing -is

aa to t- C#CROHIV, - "as not 3unis-d "it- t- su+issions o3 /ayo BndaQa

t-at - !oud -a' oosd; ? "as aso dnids"bstanti%edu o!ss !aus - "asdis+issd 3o+ t- s'i! "it-out a 'aid !aus 3o a!5 o3 any 3a!tua o ga asis 3o

-is "ant o3 !aa!ity and unsatis3a!toy !ondu!t;

%-us, " J!t tition4s agu+nt t-at t- CA d "-n it a!td uon t-

onous +dy a'aid o3 y sondnt "-n - 3id a tition 3o 'i"!onsiding t-at t- assaid d!ision is not in t- natu o3 =a"ads, Judg+nts, 3ina

ods o soutions o3 o aut-oid y any uasiHJudi!ia agn!y in t- !is o3 its

uasiHJudi!ia 3un!tions as s!id und Ru @ o3 t- Rus o3 Cout; W-i#!tions 1 and 2 o3 Ru V (B) o3 t- .ni3o+ Rus on Ad+inistati' Cass in

t- Ci'i #'i! o'id 3o t- +dy o3 an aa 3o+ d!isions o3 its giona

o33i!s to t- Co++ission o, /agnay4s tition to t- CA !o+s und t-!tions to t- do!tin o3 -austion o3 ad+inistati' +dis; %- CA !o!ty

!itdRep"bli& %. La&ap,"- a 'ioation o3 du o!ss is istd to a+ong t- notd

!tions to t- u; As dis!ussd ao', /agnay4s dis+issa "as taintd "it-

iguaity !aus t- noti! gi'n to -i+ !o+s s-ot o3 t- noti! !ont+atd ya" and Juisudn!; %- CA !o!ty !isd Juisdi!tion o' t-is !as "-

standads o3 du o!ss -ad n atnty a!-d;

?a'ing n igay dis+issd, /agnay s-oud instatd to -is 3o+ osition

"it-out oss o3 snioity and aid a!5"ags and ot- +ontay n3its 3o+ t- ti+o3 -is dis+issa u to t- ti+ o3 -is instat+nt; In ou d!ision in Ci%il Ser%i&e

Co!!ission %. Gentallan," ud t-at 3o asons o3 Justi! and 3ainss, an igaydis+issd go'n+nt +oy "-o is at odd instatd is ntitd to a!5"agsand ot- +ontay n3its 3o+ t- ti+ o3 -is iga dis+issa unti -is instat+nt

!aus - is !onsidd as not -a'ing 3t -is o33i!;

P&+05' 8 ''&'&= ''-P&+05' 8 ''&'&= ''-

532'& 8 %& 3& 8 +&' #1 8532'& 8 %& 3& 8 +&' #1 8

RA N. 91< ' *0+ 2+&+RA N. 91< ' *0+ 2+&+

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES VS. SAPIA

ANDONGAN, G.R. N. 1!?


32/214

%- !-ain o3 !ustody u und #!tion 21 o3 RA $o; D1K "as not s-o"n to

-a' n sustantiay !o+id "it-;

%- su+tion o3 guaity in t- 3o+an! o3 o33i!ia dutis !oud not

'ai o' t- su+tion o3 inno!n! in 3a'o o3 t- a!!usd;

Fo, a+ong ot- t-ings, it is in!di 3o an agdy 5no"n dugHdd to

standing at a !on o3 a stt at :K0 in t- 'ning instad o3 ying - tad s!ty,and "it- ony a 0;1Hga+ sa!-t "ot- PK00;00 o3 o-iitd dugs in - ossssion

t- 'au o3 "-i!- -ans to "-at a osuHuy "ants to uy;

R&+*&'& &J0&5&' 8 5&57&+ 8

%& H0+& 8 R&&+&'26&+.

REP. DANILO RAMON FERNANDE VS. HOUSE

OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL

2'* "ESUS VICENTE, G.R. N. 1!?!, D&&57& #1,#$$9

Ptition 3id 3o !andida!y as Rsntati' o3 t- FirstLgisati' &isti!t o3t- Po'in! o3 Laguna in t- /ay 1, 200 !tions; In -is Cti3i!at o3 Candida!y

(COC), - indi!atd -is !o+ta!t addss as =$o; 1@ /a-ai5a #t;, Via %odo

#udi'ision, Baangay Baiago, #ta; Rosa City, Laguna (agd #ta; Rosa sidn!);

Pi'at sondnt sus L; Vi!nt (i'at sondnt) 3id a =Ptition to &ny&u Cous to ando Can! Cti3i!at o3 Candida!y and Ptition 3o &isuai3i!ation

3o t- O33i! o3 t- Po'in!ia E!tion #u'iso o3 Laguna; %-is "as 3o"add tot- Co++ission on E!tions (CO/ELEC) and do!5td t-in as SPA N. $-$?

(PES); Pi'at sondnt soug-t t- !an!ation o3 tition4s COC and t- att4sdisuai3i!ation as a !andidat on t- gound o3 an agd +atia +issntation in

-is COC gading -is a! o3 sidn!, !aus duing ast !tions, - -ad d!ad

PagsanJan, Laguna as -is addss, and PagsanJan "as o!atd in t- FourtLgisati'&isti!t o3 t- Po'in! o3 Laguna; Pi'at sondnt i5"is !ai+d t-at tition

+aintaind anot- -ous in Cauyao, Laguna, "-i!- "as aso outsid t- Fist &isti!t;

%- CO/ELEC (Fist &i'ision) dis+issd said tition 3o a!5 o3 +it;

Ptition "as o!ai+d as t- duy !td Rsntati' o3 t- Fist &isti!to3 Laguna on un 2, 200, -a'ing gand a tota o3 9


33/214

#!tion o3 t- 1D Constitution; In suot o3 -is tition, i'at sondnt agud

t-at tition 3asy d!ad und oat-: (1) -is agd #ta; Rosa sidn!6 (2) t-

iod o3 -is sidn! in t- gisati' disti!t 3o /ay 1, 200, "-i!- - indi!atdas on ya and t"o +ont-s6 and (@) -is igiiity 3o t- o33i! "- - "as s5ing to

!td; Pi'at sondnt sntd t- tsti+ony o3 a !tain Atty; $o %;

%ia+ong, "-o statd t-at tition is not 3o+ t- agd #ta; Rosa sidn! ut asidnt o3 BarangayPuo, Cauyao, Laguna6 as " as t- s!ti' tsti+onis o3

BarangayBaiago ?at- Wo5s "-o attstd t-at t-y ay, i3 ', sa" sondnt

in t- asd +iss at t- agd #ta; Rosa sidn!6 and ot- "itnsss "-otsti3id t-at !ontay to t- +issntations o3 tition, - is not a sidnt o3 t-

agd #ta; Rosa sidn!; A "itnss tsti3id t-at tition att+td to !o! so+

o3 t- ot- "itnsss to !ant t-i d!aations and !-ang t-i a33ida'its; Finay,

i'at sondnt sntd as "itnss t- a"y "-o notaid t- Conta!t o3 Lasdatd /a!- , 200 t"n tition as ss and Bin'nido G; Asun!ion as sso;

Ptition, as sondnt in HRET C2+& N. $-$?, sntd as -is "itnsss

sidnts o3 Via d %odo "-o tsti3id t-at t-y -ad sn sondnt and -is 3a+iysiding in t-i o!aity, as " as Bin'nido G; Asun!ion "-o tsti3id t-at tition

is t- ss in .nit $o; 1@ Bo!5 1 Lot I, /a-ai5a #t;, Via d %odo #udi'ision,

Bgy; Baiago, #ta; Rosa City, Laguna; Ptition i5"is sntd /; os- Wad,

Psidnt o3 #out- Point ?o+o"n4s Asso!iation o3 Cauyao, Laguna, as " as Eng;Lay E; Casto (Casto), "-o tsti3id t-at sin! Fuay 200 u to t- snt,

tition -ad no ong n siding in -is oty o!atd at Bo!5 2, Lot 1, #out-

Point #udi'ision, Cauyao, Laguna, and t-at said oty "as ing o33d 3o saand t+oaiy ing usd y Casto, togt- "it- so+ s!uity +n o3 tition and

+oys o3 Ra3ts /usi! Loung o"nd y tition; Ptition tsti3id t-at - -ad

n a sidnt o3 #ta; Rosa 'n 3o Fuay 2006 t-at - o"nd oty in

anot- #ta; Rosa sudi'ision (BHAi)6 t-at - and -is "i3 -ad ut u a usinsst-in, t- =RAF%ER# stauant a6 and t-at - -ad io sidn! in anot- a!

aso at #ta; Rosa as ay as 2001;

#in! t- ?RE% ud in 3a'o o3 i'at sondnt, t-is tition "as 3id 3ous;

In tition4s assign+nt o3 os, - ags t-at t- ?RE% gi'ousy d

and !o++ittd ga' aus o3 dis!tion:

1; In not a!ing on t- )"o *arrantotition sus L; Vi!nt t- udno3 o'ing t-at t-n sondnt (no" tition) Fnand is not a

uai3id !andidat 3o Rsntati' o3 t- Fist &isti!t o3 t- Po'in!

o3 Laguna62; W-n it disgadd t- uing o3 a !oHua tiuna in #PA $o; 0H06

@; W-n it addd a oty uai3i!ation to a /+ o3 Congss6

; W-n it dt+ind t-at t- tition 3aid to !o+y "it- t- on (1)ya sidn!y ui+nt asd on t- !onta!t o3 as6

@@


34/214

On t- 3ist assign+nt o3 o, tition ustions t- 3oo"ing

onoun!+nt o3 t- ?RE% in its d!ision:

In t- !as 3o us, tition -as !ay asstd, andsondnt dos not dny, t-at -is do+i!i o3 oigin is PagsanJan in t-

Fout- &isti!t o3 Laguna; ?n!, t- udn is no" on sondnt too' t-at - -as aandond -is do+i!i o3 oigin, o sin! -is it-,

"- - 3o+y an 3o o'in!ia Boad /+ o3 Laguna in 1DD,3o Vi!HGo'no o3 Laguna in 2001 and 3o Go'no o3 Laguna in

200; In a -is Cti3i!ats o3 Candida!y "-n - an 3o t-s ositions,

- indi!atd und oat- t-at -is do+i!i o +annt sidn! "as inPagsanJan in t- Fout- &isti!t o3 Laguna, not in t- Fist &isti!t "-

- at an in t- ast !tions;

Ptition a's t-at i'at sondnt 3aid to stais- -is !ai+ and to addu!

'idn! su33i!int to o'!o+ tition4s igiiity to a !andidat 3o

Rsntati' o3 t- Fist &isti!t o3 Laguna;

On t- s!ond assign+nt o3 o, tition su+its t-at t- ?RE% s-oud -a'

n =guidd ando !autiond y t- CO/ELEC4s disositions in SPA N. $-$?,

"-in - "as adJudgd as uai3id to un 3o t- osition o3 Congss+an o3 t- Fist&isti!t o3 Laguna y an agn!y tas5d y a" and t- Constitution to as!tain t-

uai3i!ations o3 !andidats 3o !tion; Ptition !ai+s t-at t- ?RE% s-oud -a'

respe&tedt- 3indings o3 t- CO/ELEC and s-oud -a' dis!ty dnid t- tition;

On t- t-id assign+nt o3 o, tition agus t-at und Ati! V, #!tion 1,

o3 t- 1D Constitution, any !itin o3 t- P-iiins "-o is a uai3id 'ot +ay

i5"is, i3 so uai3id und t- ataining a" and t- !onstitution, a to unand 'otd 3o as a !andidat 3o ui! o33i!;

Ptition ags t-at in t- ustiond &!ision, t- ?RE% addd a n"

uai3i!ation ui+nt 3o !andidats s5ing !tion to t- osition o3 /+ o3 t-

?ous o3 Rsntati's, and t-at is, t-y +ust a oty o"ns in t- gisati'

disti!t "- t-y s5 !tion;

On t- 3out- assign+nt o3 o, tition addsss i'at sondnt4s

agu+nts against t- !onta!t o3 as t-at - sntd as at o3 t- oo3 o3 -is!o+ian! "it- t- sidn!y ui+nt; Ptition assts t-at t- no+n!atu usdy !onta!ting atis to ds!i a !onta!t dos not dt+in its natu, ut t-

d!isi' 3a!to is t- intntion o3 t- atis to a !onta!t < as s-o"n y t-i !ondu!t,

"ods, a!tions, and dds < io to, duing and a3t !uting t- ag+nt; Ptition!ai+s t-at - -as sntd a+ oo3 o3 -is sidn!y in t+s o3 'idn! +o

nu+ous and aing +o "ig-t and !diiity t-an t-os o3 i'at sondnt; ?

o!ds to -ig-ig-t so+ o3 t- 'idn! - o33d in t- )"o *arranto !as t-at

agdy o' t-at -is tans3 o3 sidn! and intntion to sid in #ta; Rosa "o'n y -is stay in Via d %odo, to "it: (1) 'n ai t-an 200, - -ad u!-asd

a -ous and ot in BHAi #udi'ision in #ta; Rosa "-i!- - ntd out !aus - "as

@


35/214


36/214

%-us, i'at sondnt !o!ty ointd out t-at a tition 3o )"o *arrantois

"it-in t- !usi' Juisdi!tion o3 t- ?RE%, and !annot !onsidd 3ou+ s-oing

'n i3, as in t-is !as, t- CO/ELEC -ad aady assd uon in ad+inistati' ouasiHJudi!ia o!dings t- issu o3 t- uai3i!ation o3 t- /+ o3 t- ?ous o3

Rsntati's "-i t- att "as sti a !andidat;

Annt t- s!ond issu taining to tition4s !o+ian! "it- t- sidn!y

ui+nt 3o /+s o3 t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's, a3t studying t- 'idn!su+ittd y t- atis, " 3ind 3o tition, ta5ing into a!!ount ou uing in ri%aldo

%. COMELEC, "-i!- ads in at:

%-is Cout -as ti+ and again iay and uitay !onstud t-!toa a"s o3 ou !ounty to gi' 3ust 33!t to t- +ani3st "i o3

ou o, 3o in !as o3 dout, oiti!a a"s +ust inttd to gi'

i3 and siit to t- oua +andat 3y ssd t-oug- t- aot;

Ot-"is statd, ga ni!tis and t!-ni!aitis !annot stand in t- "ay

o3 t- so'ign "i; (E+-asis suid)

Fo t- 3ogoing ason, t- Cout +ust !is ut+ost !aution 3o

disuai3ying a "inning !andidat, s-o"n to t- !a !-oi! o3 t- !onstitunts t-at -

"is-s to snt in Congss;

%- uai3i!ations o3 a ++ o3 t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's a 3ound in

A3& VI, S&' 8 %& C'+0', "-i!- o'ids:

#!tion ; $o son s-a a /+ o3 t- ?ous o3

Rsntati's unss - is a natuaHon !itin o3 t- P-iiins and,

on t- day o3 t- !tion, is at ast t"ntyH3i' yas o3 ag, a to adand "it, and, !t t- atyHist sntati's, a gistd 'ot in

t- disti!t in "-i!- - s-a !td, and2 &+*&' %&&8 8 2

&* 8 ' 3&++ %2' '& /&2 55&*2&3/ &&*' %& *2/ 8 %&

&3&'. (E+-asis suid)

W 3ind t- inttation o3 t- ?RE% o3 t- sidn!y ui+nt und t-

Constitution to o'y sti!ti' and un"aantd und t- 3a!tua !i!u+stan!s o3t-is !as;

%- 'idn! sntd y i'at sondnt 3o t- ?RE% -ady su33i!s to

o' t-at tition 3aid to !o+y "it- t- onHya sidn!y ui+nt und t-Constitution; Pi'at sondnt4s do!u+ntay 'idn!to disuai3y tition +ainy!onsistd o3 (a) tition4s !ti3i!ats o3 !andida!y (COCs) 3o 'aious ositions in

1DD, 2001 and 200, "-i!- a indi!atd -is sidn! as PagsanJan, Laguna "it-in t-

Fout- &isti!t o3 said o'in!6 () -is ai!ation 3o a di'4s i!ns in August 200Kt-at indi!atd PagsanJan, Laguna as -is sidn!6 and (!) t- stat+nt in -is COCs

in!uding -is 200 COC 3o Congss+an 3o t- Fist &isti!t o3 Laguna t-at -is a!

o3 it- "as PagsanJan, Laguna;

%- ony t-ing t-s i!s o3 do!u+ntay 'idn! o' is t-at tition4sdo+i!i o3 oigin "as PagsanJan, Laguna and it +aind -is do+i!i u to 200K, at t-

@


37/214


38/214


39/214

o aas to a diat att+t to +isad, +isin3o+, o -id a

3a!t "-i!- "oud ot-"is nd a !andidat inigi;

In t-is !as, at-oug- i'at sondnt d!ad in -is !ti3i!ats o3

!andida!y io to t- /ay 11, 1DD !tions t-at - "as a sidnt o3Gattaan, Cagayan, t- 3a!t is t-at - "as a!tuay a sidnt o3 t- %-id

&isti!t not Just 3o on (1) ya io to t- /ay 11, 1DD !tions ut 3o

+o t-an s'n () yas sin! uy 1DD0; H+ 325 %2 %& %2* 7&&' 2

&+*&' 8 T00&22 +'& "03/ 199$ + &*73& '+*&' %2 %&

:2+ 6&' 85 19!! 199! 2'*, %&&8&, :03* 7& '6&'&'

8 %5 52'2' %+ &+*&'& ' T00&22, :%% + %& 223 8

%& 6'& 8 C22/2'.

As a"ays, t- osta o3 adJudi!ation in !ass o3 t-is natu isGallego %;Vera, in "-i!- t-is Cout -d: >W@%&' %& &6*&'& ' %&

233&&* 32 8 &+*&'& J02382' + :&2 ''30+6& 2'* 3&23/ 2&2+, 2+ ' %& '+2' 2+&, %2 %& 0+& 8 %& 32:

:03* ' 7& %:2&* 7/ 0%3*' %& % %& 88&, %& :33 8

%& &3&2& +%03* 7& &+&&*.In t-is !as, !onsiding t- uos

o3 t- sidn!y ui+nt, i;e;, to nsu t-at t- son !td is3a+iia "it- t- nds and o+s o3 -is !onstitun!y, t- !an no

dout t-at i'at sondnt is uai3id, -a'ing n go'no o3 t-

nti o'in! o3 Cagayan 3o tn yas i++diaty 3o -is !tion as

Rsntati' o3 t-at o'in!Ss %-id &isti!t;

%-us, in t- !as ao', t- Cout 3ound t-at t- a33ida'it o3 t- sso and t-

!onta!t o3 as " su33i!int oo3 t-at i'at sondnt t-in -ad !-angd -issidn!; In t- !as no" 3o us, at-oug- i'at sondnt aisd agd 3o+a

d3!ts in t- !onta!t o3 as, t- sso -i+s3 tsti3id t-at as 3a as - "as!on!nd, - and tition -ad a 'aid !onta!t and - !on3i+d t-at tition and -is

3a+iy a t- o!!uants o3 t- asd +iss;

Ptition !o!ty ointd out t-at t- a!5 o3 o notaiation dos notn!ssaiy nui3y no nd t- atis4 tansa!tion 'oid ab initio; InMallari %. Alsol," 3ound a !onta!t o3 as to 'aid dsit t- nonHaaan! o3 on o3 t- atis

3o a notay ui!, and ud in t-is "is:

$otaiation !on'ts a i'at do!u+nt into a ui! do!u+nt;?o"', t- nonHaaan! o3 t- atis 3o t- notay ui! "-o

notaid t- do!u+nt dos not n!ssaiy nui3y no nd t- atisS

tansa!tion 'oid a initio; %-us:

; ; ; Ati! 1@K o3 t- $" Ci'i Cod on t- n!ssity

o3 a ui! do!u+nt is ony 3o !on'nin!, not 3o 'aidity o

n3o!aiity; Faiu to 3oo" t- o 3o+ dos notin'aidat a !onta!t; W- a !onta!t is not in t- 3o+

s!id y a", t- atis !an +y !o+ a!- ot- to

os' t-at 3o+, on! t- !onta!t -as n 3!td; %-is is

@D


40/214


41/214

a -o+ 3o t-i 3a+iy4s us as a sidn!; In a, tition -ad aduaty s-o"n t-at

-is tans3 o3 sidn! to #ta; Rosa "as bona 'ide and "as not +y 3o !o+ying

"it- t- sidn!y ui+nt und !tion a"s;

It "as in!u+nt uon i'at sondnt to o' -is asstion t-at tition is

indd disuai3id 3o+ -oding -is !ongssiona sat; Pi'at sondnt4s udn o3oo3 "as not ony to stais- t-at tition4s do+i!i o3 oigin is di33nt 3o+ #ta;

Rosa ut aso t-at tition4s do+i!i 3o t- on ya io to !tion day !ontinud to PagsanJan, Laguna "-i!- "as tition4s do+i!i o3 oigin o t-at tition -ad

!-osn a do+i!i ot- t-an #ta; Rosa, Laguna 3o t-at sa+ iod; In ot- "ods, to

o' tition4s disuai3i!ation, t- 'ant iod is t- on ya iod io to!tion day; It "oud asud to u t-at t- tition in a )"o *arrantosuit ony

nds to o' t-at t- !andidat -ad so+ ot- 'ious do+i!i, gadss o3 -o"

+ot in ti+ 3o+ !tion day t-at 'ious do+i!i "as stais-d, and t-n t-!andidat "oud aady -a' t- udn to o' aandon+nt o3 t-at 'ious

do+i!i; It is t- udn o3 t- tition in a )"o *arranto!as to 3ist o' t- 'y

3a!t o3 disuai3i!ation 3o t- !andidat s-oud 'n !ad uon to d3nd -i+s3"it- !ount'aiing 'idn!;

In ou !onsidd 'i", i'at sondnt 3aid to dis!-ag -is udn o3 oo3;

Ptition4s COCs 3o 'ious !tions and -is 200K ai!ation 3o a di'4s i!ns

ony o'd t-at -is do+i!i o3 oigin "as PagsanJan, Laguna and it +aind to sou to 200K; A33ida'itststi+onis o3 sondnt4s "itnsss, at +ost, tndd to o'

t-at tition "as on s'a instan!s 3ound in -is -ous in Cauyao, Laguna, "-i!-

"as not 'n -is do+i!i o3 oigin; Cauyao, Laguna is in t- S&'* &isti!t o3 Laguna

"-i tition4s do+i!i o3 oigin, PagsanJan, is in t- F0% &isti!t o3 Laguna;Basd on i'at sondnt4s o"n do!u+ntay su+issions, Cauyao "as n' 'n

statd as a do+i!i o sidn! in any o3 t- tition4s COCs; /oo', o"ning anaod in Cauyao "- tition is o!!asionay 3ound did not o' t-at Cauyao istition4s a do+i!i; Indd, disgading Cauyao as tition4s do+i!i "oud

!onsistnt "it- t- stais-d in!i t-at -ysi!a sn! in a a! sans t-

intnt to +annty sid t-in is insu33i!int to stais- do+i!i; $it- didi'at sondnt4s su+issions 3ut tition4s 'idn! t-at sin! Fuay 200

tition -as !-osn #ta; Rosa as -is do+i!i;

%o su++ai, i'at sondnt4s o"n 'idn! did not !atgoi!ay stais-

"- tition4s do+i!i is no did said 'idn! !on!usi'y o' t-at 3o t- yaio to t- /ay 1, 200 tition -ad a do+i!i ot- t-an "- - a!tuay sidd,

i.e.#ta; Rosa, Laguna; %o su, Gallego %. Verad!d t-at:

W +ig-t add t-at t- +ani3st intnt o3 t- a" in 3iing a

sidn! uai3i!ation is to !ud a stang o n"!o+, una!uaintd"it- t- !onditions and nds o3 a !o++unity and not idnti3id "it- t-

att, 3o+ an !ti' o33i! to s' t-at !o++unity6 and :%&' %&&6*&'& ' %& 233&&* 32 8 &+*&'& J02382' + :&2

''30+6& 2'* 3&23/ 2&2+, 2+ ' %& '+2' 2+&, %2 %&

0+& 8 %& 32: :03* ' 7& %:2&* 7/ 0%3*' %& %

%& 88&, %& :33 8 %& &3&2& +%03* 7& &+&&*. (E+-asis suid)

1


42/214

ri%aldoi5"is s!id t-at:

%o su!!ss3uy !-ang a "inning !andidatSs

uai3i!ations, t- &'& 50+ 3&23/ *&5'+2& %2 %&

'&373/ + + 2&'3/ 2'2'+ '+0'23 2'* 3&23

'3&+ %2 6&*' +0% '&373/ 2'* %&&7/ 6' &88& %& 22&' :33 8 %& &3&, :03* 0352&3/ &2& &2&

&0*& to t- 'y d+o!ati! institutions and Juisti! taditions t-atou Constitution and a"s so aousy ot!t and o+ot;

(E+-asis suid)

In (orayno, t- Cout -ad t- o!!asion to say t-at:

%- Constitution and t- a" uis sidn! as a uai3i!ation3o s5ing and -oding !ti' ui! o33i!, in od to gi' !andidats

t- ootunity to 3a+iia "it- t- nds, di33i!utis, asiations,

otntias 3o go"t- and a +atts 'ita to t- "3a o3 t-i!onstitun!is6 i5"is, it nas t- !toat to 'auat t- o33i!

s5sS uai3i!ations and 3itnss 3o t- Jo t-y asi 3o;

R!nty, in Japzon %. COMELEC, t- Cout, !iting #apandayan, Jr. %.

COMELEC, said:

In#apandayan, Jr. %. Co!!ission on Ele&tions,t- Cout o'idd asu++ation o3 t- di33nt in!is and !on!ts in Juisudn! ating

to t- sidn!y uai3i!ation 3o !ti' o!a o33i!ias; Ptinnt otions o3

t- ratioin#apandayan a odu!d o":

Ou d!isions -a' aid !tain tsts and !on!ts inso'ing t- issu o3 "-t- o not a !andidat -as !o+id "it- t-

sidn!y ui+nt 3o !ti' ositions; %- in!i o3 ani!"s

re%ertendi -as n usd to dt+in "-t- a !andidat -as an

7intntion to tun7 to t- a! "- - s5s to !td;Cooay to t-is is a dt+ination "-t- t- -as n an

7aandon+nt7 o3 -is 3o+ sidn! "-i!- signi3is an intntion to

dat t-3o+; In Caasi %. Co"rt o' Appeals,t-is Cout st asid t-aad ods o3 t- CO/ELEC and t- Cout o3 Aas and

annud t- !tion o3 t- sondnt as /uni!ia /ayo o3

Boinao, Pangasinan on t- gound t-at sondntSs i++igation tot- .nitd #tats in 1D !onstitutd an aandon+nt o3 -is do+i!i

and sidn! in t- P-iiins; Bing a gn !ad -od, "-i!- "as

oo3 t-at - "as a +annt sidnt o i++igant o3 t- .nitd

#tats, and in t- asn! o3 any "ai' o3 -is status as su!- 3o -an 3o !tion on anuay 1, 1D, sondnt "as -d to

disuai3id und U o3 t- O+nius E!tion Cod o3 t-

P-iiins (Batas Pa+ansa Bg; 1);

In Co %. Ele&toral (rib"nal o' the


43/214

sntati' o3 t- 2nd &isti!t o3 $ot-n #a+a; %- ?ous o3

Rsntati's E!toa %iuna (?RE%) u-d -is !tion against

!ai+s t-at - "as not a natua on Fiiino !itin and a sidnt o3Laoang, $ot-n #a+a; In sustaining t- uing o3 t- ?RE%, t-is

Cout, !iting aypon %. ;"irino, aid t- !on!t o3 ani!"s

re%ertendi o 7intnt to tun7, stating t-at -is asn! 3o+ -issidn! in od to usu studis o a!ti! -is o3ssion as a

!ti3id ui! a!!ountant in /ania o -is gistation as a 'ot ot-

t-an in t- a! "- - "as !td did not !onstitut oss o3sidn!; %- 3a!t t-at sondnt +ad iodi!a Jounys to -is

-o+ o'in! in Laoag 'ad t-at - a"ays -ad ani!"s

re%ertendi;

In Abella %. Co!!ission on Ele&tions and Larrazabal %.

Co!!ission on Ele&tions,it "as aind t-at t- dt+ination o3 asonSs ga sidn! o do+i!i agy dnds uon t- intntion

t-at +ay in3d 3o+ -is a!ts, a!ti'itis, and uttan!s; In t-at

!as, tition Adina Laaaa, "-o -ad otaind t- -ig-stnu+ o3 'ots in t- o!a !tions o3 Fuay 1, 1D and "-o

-ad t-us n o!ai+d as t- duy !td go'no, "as

disuai3id y t- CO/ELEC 3o a!5 o3 sidn! and gistation

uai3i!ations, not ing a sidnt no a gistd 'ot o3 >ananga,Lyt; %- CO/ELEC ud t-at t- att+t o3 tition Laaaa

to !-ang - sidn! on ya 3o t- !tion y gisting at

>ananga, Lyt to uai3y - to un 3o t- osition o3 go'no o3 t-o'in! o3 Lyt "as oo3 t-at s- !onsidd -s3 a sidnt o3

O+o! City; %-is Cout a33i+d t- uing o3 t- CO/ELEC and

-d t-at tition Laaaa -ad stais-d - sidn! in O+o!City, not in >ananga, Lyt, 3o+ 1DK u to t- ti+ t-at s- an 3o

t- osition o3 Po'in!ia Go'no o3 Lyt on Fuay 1, 1D;

%- "as no 'idn! to s-o" t-at s- and - -usand +aintaindsaat sidn!s, i.e., s- at >ananga, Lyt and - -usand at

O+o! City; %- 3a!t t-at s- o!!asionay 'isitd >ananga, Lyt

t-oug- t- yas did not signi3y an intntion to !ontinu - sidn!

a3t a'ing t-at a!;

InRo!"aldez %. R(C, Br. =, (a&loban City,t- Cout -d t-at7do+i!i7 and 7sidn!7 a synony+ous; %- t+ 7sidn!7, as

usd in t- !tion a", i+ots not ony an intntion to sid in a

3id a! ut aso sona sn! in t-at a!, !oud "it-!ondu!t indi!ati' o3 su!- intntion; 7&o+i!i7 dnots a 3id

+annt sidn! to "-i!- "-n asnt 3o usinss o asu, o

3o i5 asons, on intnds to tun; In t-at !as, tition P-ii G;

Ro+uad stais-d -is sidn! duing t- ay 1D0Ss inBaangay /aog, %oosa, Lyt; It "as -d t-at t- suddn datu

3o+ t- !ounty o3 tition, !aus o3 t- EA PoSs Po"

R'oution o3 1D, to go into s3Hi in t- .nitd #tats unti3a'oa !onditions -ad n stais-d, "as not 'ountay so as to

!onstitut an aandon+nt o3 sidn!; %- Cout aind t-at in

@


44/214

od to a!ui a n" do+i!i y !-oi!, t- +ust !on!u (1)

sidn! o odiy sn! in t- n" o!aity, (2) an intntion to

+ain t-, and (@) an intntion to aandon t- od do+i!i; %-+ust ani!"s !anendi !oud "it- ani!"s non re%ertendi; %-

uos to +ain in o at t- do+i!i o3 !-oi! +ust 3o an

ind3init iod o3 ti+6 t- !-ang o3 sidn! +ust 'ountay6and t- sidn! at t- a! !-osn 3o t- n" do+i!i +ust

a!tua;

.ti+aty, t- Cout !aituats in#apandayan, Jr.t-at it is t- 3a!t

o3 sidn! t-at is t- d!isi' 3a!to in dt+ining "-t- o not an

indi'idua -as satis3id t- sidn!y uai3i!ation ui+nt;

W do not dout t-at t- sidn!y ui+nt is a +ans to 'nt a stang o

n"!o+ 3o+ -oding o33i! on t- assu+tion t-at su!- stang o n"!o+ "oud

insu33i!inty a!uaintd "it- t- nds o3 -is os!ti' !onstitunts; ?o"', it is

aoiat to oint out at t-is Jun!tu t-at asid 3o+ tition4s a!tua, -ysi!asn! in #ta; Rosa 3o +o t-an a ya io to !tion day, - -as d+onstatd t-at

- -as sustantia tis to #ta; Rosa and t- Fist &isti!t o3 Laguna 3o an 'n ong

iod t-an t-at; Ptition -as usinss intsts in #ta; Rosa !o+isd o3 stauantsand a sidntia oty 3o as; Ptition -as t"o !-idn studying in #ta; Rosa

s!-oos 'n 3o 200; %-s !i!u+stan!s o'idd tition "it- +atia asons

to 3unty 'isit t- aa and 'ntuay ta5 u sidn! in t- said disti!t;#igni3i!anty, tition 'iousy s'd as Boad /+ and Vi!HGo'no 3o t-

Po'in! o3 Laguna, o3 "-i!- t- Fist &isti!t and #ta; Rosa a a at; It stands to

ason t-at in -is 'ious !td ositions tition -as a!uid 5no"dg o3 t-nds and asiations o3 t- sidnts o3 t- Fist &isti!t "-o " a+ong -is

!onstitunts;

#i+y ut, tition !oud not !onsidd a =stang to t- !o++unity

"-i!- - soug-t to snt and t-at 'i t-at t- sidn!y ui+nt "as dsignd to'nt is not snt in t-is !as;

W ta5 t-is o!!asion to itat ou uing in Sina&a %. M"la, to "it>

8W-n9 a !andidat -as !i'd oua +andat, o'"-+ingy

and !ay ssd, a ossi douts s-oud so'd in 3a'o o3 t-

!andidatSs igiiity 3o to u ot-"is is to d3at t- "i o3 t-o; Ao' and yond a, t- dt+ination o3 t- tu "i o3 t-

!toat s-oud aa+ount; It is t-i 'oi!, not ous o o3 anyon s,

t-at +ust 'ai; %-is, in ssn!, is t- d+o!a!y " !ontinu to -odsa!d;

WHEREFORE, +iss !onsidd, t- tition is -y GRANTED.

"0+*' 8 %& H0+& 8

R&&+&'26&+ E3&23 T70'23

*&&5'& %& J02382'+ 8 '5'&&+

8 %& 2/ 3++


45/214

&ARL GRACE A AO$ V#; ?O.#E OFREPRE#E$%A%IVE# ELEC%ORAL %RI .$AL, E%AL;, A$& OVI%O PALPARA$ V#; ?RE%, E% AL;,G;R; $O; 1D, FE R.AR 11, 2010%-s t"o !ass a aout t- aut-oity o3 t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's E!toa

%iuna (?RE%) to ass uon t- igiiitis o3 t- no+ins o3 t- atyHist goust-at "on sats in t- o" -ous o3 Congss;

T%& F2+ 2'* %& C2+&

In G.R. 1!9?, tition &ay Ga! ; Aayon is t- 3ist no+in o3 t-

Aangat (ayo atyHist oganiation t-at "on a sat in t- ?ous o3 Rsntati'sduing t- 200 !tions;

Rsondnts P3!to C; Lu!aan, ;, Rony #; &a Cu, and Agustin C;&ooga, a gistd 'ots, 3id a tition 3o )"o *arranto"it- sondnt ?RE%

againstAangat (ayoand its no+in, tition Aayon, in ?RE% Cas 0H01; %-y!ai+d t-at Aangat (ayo "as not igi 3o a atyHist sat in t- ?ous o3

Rsntati's, sin! it did not snt t- +aginaid and undsntd s!tos;

Rsondnt Lu!aan and t- ot-s "it- -i+ 3ut- ointd out t-at tition

Aayon -s3 "as not uai3id to sit in t- ?ous as a atyHist no+in sin! s- didnot ong to t- +aginaid and undsntd s!tos, s- ing t- "i3 o3 an

in!u+nt !ongssiona disti!t sntati'; #- +oo' ost - id as atyHist

sntati' o3 t- atyHist oganiation !ad An ?aray in t- i++diaty

!ding !tions o3 /ay 10, 200;

Ptition Aayon !ountd t-at t- Co++ission on E!tions (CO/ELEC) -ad

aady !on3i+d t- status o3 Aangat (ayo as a nationa +utiHs!toa atyHist

oganiation snting t- "o5s, "o+n, yout-, uan oo, and dy and t-ats- ongd to t- "o+n s!to; Aayon aso !ai+d t-at at-oug- s- "as t-

s!ond no+in o3An ?arayatyHist oganiation duing t- 200 !tions, s- !oud

not gadd as -a'ing ost a id 3o an !ti' o33i!;

Finay, tition Aayon ointd out t-at sondnt ?RE% -ad no Juisdi!tiono' t- tition 3o )"o *arrantosin! sondnt Lu!aan and t- ot-s "it- -i+

!oatay atta!5d t- gistation o3Aangat (ayoas a atyHist oganiation, a +attt-at 3 "it-in t- Juisdi!tion o3 t- CO/ELEC; It "asAangat (ayot-at "as ta5ing asat in t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's, and not Aayon "-o "as Just its no+in; A

ustions in'o'ing - igiiity as 3ist no+in, said Aayon, " intna !on!ns

o3Aangat (ayo;

On uy 1, 200D sondnt ?RE% issud an od, dis+issing t- tition asagainst Aangat (ayout u-oding its Juisdi!tion o' t- uai3i!ations o3 tition

Aayon; %- att +o'd 3o !onsidation ut t- ?RE% dnid t- sa+ on

K


46/214

#t+ 1, 200D, o+ting Aayon to 3i t- snt tition 3o s!ia !i'i a!tion

o3 &ertiorari;

In G.R. 1!9


47/214

)"o *arranto3id "it- it inso3a as t-y soug-t t- disuai3i!ations o3Aangat (ayoand

Bantay; #in! titions Aayon and Paaan " not !td into o33i! ut "

!-osn y t-i s!ti' oganiations und t-i intna us, t- ?RE% -as noJuisdi!tion to inui into and adJudi!at t-i uai3i!ations as no+ins;

But, at-oug- it is t- atyHist oganiation t-at is 'otd 3o in t- !tions, it isnot t- oganiation t-at sits as and !o+s a ++ o3 t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's;

#!tion K, Ati! VI o3 t- Constitution, idnti3is "-o t- =++s o3 t-at ?ous a:

S&.


48/214

22' %& 72*&+ ++73& &&+&'2' 8 2/, +&23 0

'&&++ ' %& H0+& 8 R&&+&'26&+ 7/ &'%2'' %& %2'&+

5&& 8 2'* :' +&2+ ' %& 3&+320&, 2'* +%233 6*& %&

+53&+ +%&5& ++73&. (.nds!oing suid)

As t-is Cout aso -d inBantay Rep"bli& A&t or BA9RA =@1 %. Co!!ission onEle&tions, a atyHist sntati' is in 'y sns =an !td ++ o3 t- ?ous o3

Rsntati's; At-oug- t- 'ot !ast in a atyHist !tion is a 'ot 3o a aty, su!-'ot, in t- nd, "oud a 'ot 3o its no+ins, "-o, in aoiat !ass, "oud

'ntuay sit in t- ?ous o3 Rsntati's;

Bot- t- Constitution and t- PatyHList #yst+ A!t st t- uai3i!ations andgounds 3o disuai3i!ation o3 atyHist no+ins; #!tion D o3 R;A; D1, !-oing t-

Constitution, stats:

S&. 9. :ualification of Part+7List ;o"inees. N &+' +%233

7& '5'2&* 2+ 2/-3+ &&+&'26& 0'3&++ %& + 2 '2023-7'&' 8 %& P%3'&+, 2 &+&&* 6&, 2 &+*&' 8 %&

P%3'&+ 8 2 &* 8 ' 3&++ %2' '& (1) /&2 55&*2&3/

&&*' %& *2/ 8 %& &3&', 273& &2* 2'* :&, 7'2 8*&

5&57& 8 %& 2/ 2'2' :%% %& +&&+ &&+&' 8

2 3&2+ ''&/ (9$) *2/+ &&*' %& *2/ 8 %& &3&', 2'* + 2

3&2+ :&'/-86& (#


49/214

sntati' in t- o" ?ous and nJoy t- s!ud tnu t-at gos "it- t-

osition, t- soution o3 t- disut is ta5n out o3 its -and;

W-at is in'ita is t-at #!tion 1, Ati! VI o3 t- Constitution o'ids t-att- HRET +%233 7& %& +3& 0*& 8 233 '&++ &32' , 25' %& %'+, %&

J02382'+ 8 %& 5&57&+ 8 %& H0+& 8 R&&+&'26&+. S'&, 2+ '&* 0276&, 2/-3+ '5'&&+ 2& &3&&* 5&57&+ 8 %& H0+& 8 R&&+&'26&+

' 3&++ %2' %& *+ &&+&'26&+ 2&, %& HRET %2+ 0+*' %&2 2'*

2++ 0' %& J02382'+. By anaogy "it- t- !ass o3 disti!t sntati's,

on! t- aty o oganiation o3 t- atyHist no+in -as n o!ai+d and t-

no+in -as ta5n -is oat- and assu+d o33i! as ++ o3 t- ?ous o3Rsntati's, t- CO/ELEC4s Juisdi!tion o' !tion !ontsts ating to -is

uai3i!ations nds and t- ?RE%4s o"n Juisdi!tion gins;

%- Cout -ods t-at sondnt ?RE% did not ga'y aus its dis!tion "-n

it dis+issd t- titions 3o )"o *arranto against Aangat (ayo atyHist and Bantay

atyHist ut u-d its Juisdi!tion o' t- ustion o3 t- uai3i!ations o3 titionsAayon and Paaan;

W%&%& %& COMELEC :2+ & '

*&'/' A' L2*32* 2+ 2 2/-3+ 0

' 523 0'*+= 8&&*5 8 &&++'

2'* % &3'.

ANG LADLAD LGBT PARTY VS. COMELEC, G.R. N.

19$

DEL CASTILLO,J.;

%-is is a Ptition 3o Certiorariund Ru K o3 t- Rus o3 Cout, "it- an ai!ation

3o a "it o3 i+inay +andatoy inJun!tion, 3id yAng LadladLGB% Paty (Ang Ladlad)

against t- Rsoutions o3 t- Co++ission on E!tions (CO/ELEC) datd $o'+ 11, 200D

(t- Fist Assaid Rsoution) and &!+ 1, 200D (t- #!ond Assaid Rsoution) in #PP$o; 0DH22 (PL) (!o!ti'y, t- Assaid Rsoutions); %- !as -as its oots in t-

CO/ELEC4s 3usa to a!!dit Ang Ladlad as a atyHist oganiation und Rui! A!t

(RA) $o; D1, ot-"is 5no"n as t- PatyHList #yst+ A!t;

Ang Ladladis an oganiation !o+osd o3 +n and "o+n "-o idnti3y t-+s's as

sians, gays, isuas, o tansHgndd indi'iduas (LGB%s); In!ooatd in 200@, AngLadlad 3ist aid 3o gistation "it- t- CO/ELEC in 200; %- ai!ation 3o

a!!ditation "as dnid on t- gound t-at t- oganiation -ad no sustantia ++s-i as;On August 1, 200D,Ang Ladlad again 3id a Ptition 3o gistation "it- t- CO/ELEC;

B3o t- CO/ELEC, tition agud t-at t- LGB% !o++unity is a +aginaid

and undHsntd s!to t-at is ati!uay disad'antagd !aus o3 t-i sua ointation

and gnd idntity6 t-at LGB%s a 'i!ti+s o3 !usion, dis!i+ination, and 'ion!6 t-at!aus o3 ngati' so!ita attituds, LGB%s a !onstaind to -id t-i sua ointation6 and

t-atAng Ladlad !o+id "it- t- Hoint guidins nun!iatd y t-is Cout inAng Bagong

D


50/214

Bayani9O? Labor #arty %. Co!!ission on Ele&tions; Ang Ladlad aid out its nationa

++s-i as !onsisting o3 indi'idua ++s and oganiationa suots, and outind

its at3o+ o3 go'nan!;

On $o'+ 11, 200D, a3t ad+itting t- tition4s 'idn!, t- CO/ELEC

(#!ond &i'ision) dis+issd t- Ptition on +oa gounds, stating t-at:

%-is Ptition is dis+issi on +oa gounds; Ptition

d3ins t- Fiiino Lsian, Gay, Bisua and %ansgnd (LGB%)

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