digital design haldun hadimioglu computer and information science 3/30/2003 cs 2204 laboratory
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Digital Design
Haldun HadimiogluComputer and Information Science
3/30/2003
CS 2204 Laboratory
3/30/2003 Digital Design 2
CS 2204
Title : Digital Logic and State Machine Design
Credits : 4
Year : Sophomore
Format : Lectures and Laboratory 3-hour lectures
3-hour laboratory sessions
3/30/2003 Digital Design 3
CS 2204
Content : Digital circuit fundamentalsTheory, analysis, design
Digital clock Car alarm Traffic light controller Vending machine controller Four function calculator
Precursor to courses : Computer Architecture : computer design (junior) Advanced hardware design : chip design (senior)
3/30/2003 Digital Design 4
CS 2204 Laboratory
Emphasis on design
20 students per lab 2-student teams formed first week
Teams do lab projects and homework
How to approach a large design Problem analysis and solving
3/30/2003 Digital Design 5
CS 2204 Laboratory
Introduces current digital design techniques and tools
Team-oriented, top-down, core-based design
Modern hardware development environment
3/30/2003 Digital Design 6
CS 2204 Laboratory
Hardware development environment Computer Aided Design (CAD) Software : Xilinx Foundation (industry software)
Simulates hardware
Testing hardware : Digilent board FPGA Chip on Digilent board
FPGA : Field Programmable Gate Array
Emulates hardware
3/30/2003 Digital Design 7
CS 2204 Laboratory
Why CAD Design ? Circuit design and test before physical implementation
Shorter and cheaper developmentDesign objectives reached faster
Speed, cost, power consumption, size, weight, reliability,..
3/30/2003 Digital Design 8
CS 2204 Laboratory
Term Project Spring 2003 : Game playing circuit
Human vs machine play against each other
Derived from dominoes Chance and thinking determine winner
Pieces of circuit completed in 3 to 4 week experiments (deadlines)
3/30/2003 Digital Design 9
Historical Trend
Mechanical components replaced by Analog components and
Digital components
Analog components replaced by Digital components
3/30/2003 Digital Design 10
Digital Revolution
Computers (laptops to supercomputers)
Microprocessors (Sun Sparc to Intel Pentium 4)
Car engine controllersCalculators
Video games
CD Players
Digital cameras
3/30/2003 Digital Design 11
Benefits of Digital Circuits
Moore’s Law holds since the 1960s Every two years, number of transistors on chips doubles
Every two years memory size doubles
Smaller size devices
3/30/2003 Digital Design 12
Digital Chip
Electronic components are placed inDie area in center of the chip
There can be50 million components
transistors on a microprocessor die
A chipThe die
3/30/2003 Digital Design 13
Is It Always A Chip ?
NO !Design on computers kept as
Circuit diagrams : traditional Hardware Description Language (HDL) programs : since 1980s
Companies license their design as Intellectual Property (IP)
Circuit diagram/HDL program files Used as core circuits
3/30/2003 Digital Design 14
Digital Circuits
A digital circuit consists of Gates and Flip-Flops
on chips
All chips on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
1 142
45
6
7
3
8
9
10111213
A 4
A 3
A 2
A 1
Y 4
Y 3
Y 2
Y 1
V cc
GND
B 4
B 3B 2
B 1
7408 AND gate Chip
Notch
3/30/2003 Digital Design 15
CS 2204 Digital Components
Gates
Flip-flops
ANDORNOTk
m k + m
OR gate
km
k.m k k
AND gate NOT gate (inverter)
D Q
C
D Flip-flop J-K Flip-flop
Q
Q
QC
J
K
3/30/2003 Digital Design 16
A Digital Circuit
Car seat-belt alarm Alarm sound if engine is running AND seat-belt is NOT fastened
Digitalcircuit
engine
Seat belt
alarm
AND
Seat belt
engine
AND
OR
NOT
alarm
3/30/2003 Digital Design 17
Another Digital Circuit
a
bAND
AND
OR
NOT
y(a, b, c)
p
q
rc
Digitalcircuit
a
by(a, b, c)
c
if a is 0 => y =aif a is 1 => y = c
CircuitDiagram(Traditional)
3/30/2003 Digital Design 18
The Same circuit
--MULTIPLEXER
--VHDL STRUCTURAL MODELING
entity multiplexer is
port (A, B, C : in BIT;
y : out BIT);
end multiplexer;
architecture structure of multiplexer is
signal p, q, r: BIT;
begin
p <= NOT a;
q <= p AND b;
r <= a AND c;
y <= p OR q;
end structure;
Digitalcircuit
a
by(a, b, c)
c
if a is 0 => y =aif a is 1 => y = c
VHDLProgram !
3/30/2003 Digital Design 19
1-bit Adder Design
A 1-bit Adder, Full Adder :
a
b
ci
s
co
1-bit
Adder
a ci b co s
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 . . . 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
3/30/2003 Digital Design 20
The 1-bit Adder
CircuitDiagram
3/30/2003 Digital Design 21
Designing the 1-bit Adder--FULL ADDER--STRUCTURAL MODELING
entity fulladder isport (A, B, CIN : in BIT;
SUM, COUT : out BIT);end fulladder;
architecture structure of fulladder issignal s1, s2, s3,s4,s5: BIT;begin
s1 <= A xor B;SUM <= s1 xor CIN;s2 <= A and B;s3 <= B and CIN;s4 <= A and CIN;s5 <= s2 or s3;COUT <= s4 or s5;
end structure;
VHDLProgram