digital human rights and the future of democracy: lessons ......digital human rights and the future...

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)

PE 656.325 December 2020 EN

STOA Annual Lecture 2020

Digital human rights and the future of

democracy: Lessons from the pandemic

Participants’ booklet

Digital human rights and the future of

democracy: Lessons from the pandemic

Webex (online) workshop

9 December 2020, 15:00 -17:00

STOA | Panel for the Future of Science and Technology

Prepared by Mihalis Kritikos, Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)

Available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/events/details/digital-human-rights-and-the-future-of-d

Join the conversation on Twitter by using the hashtag #Lecture2020 and by tweeting at @EP_ThinkTank

#Lecture2020

PE 656.325

© European Union, 2020

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/events/details/digital-human-rights-and-the-future-of-d

Digital human rights and the future of democracy: Lessons from the pandemic

In Memoriam

This year’s Annual Lecture is dedicated to the memory of the first

Head of the STOA Secretariat, Richard ('Dick') Holdsworth (1946-2020).


1. Programme ______________________________________________________________________ 2

2. Preface __________________________________________________________________________ 3

3. Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 4

4. Speakers ________________________________________________________________________ 5

4.1. Eva KAILI, MEP & STOA Chair ______________________________________________________ 5

4.2. Margaritis SCHINAS, EC Vice-President for Promoting the European Way of Life _____________ 6

4.3. Shoshana ZUBOFF, Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita, Harvard Business School ______ 7

4.4. Fredrik HEINTZ, Associate Professor of Computer Science, Linköping University ____________ 8

4.5. Karen YEUNG, Professor of Law, Ethics and Informatics, University of Birmingham ___________ 9

5. Previous STOA Annual Lectures 2003-2018 ____________________________________________ 10

6. About STOA _____________________________________________________________________ 16

6.1. Mission ______________________________________________________________________ 16

6.2. STOA Panel members __________________________________________________________ 18

6.3. STOA administration ___________________________________________________________ 20


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1.

15:00-15:10: Introductory remarks

Eva KAILI, MEP, Chair of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA)

15:10-15:25: Introductory speech

Margaritis SCHINAS, European Commission Vice-President for Promoting the European Way

of Life

15:25-15:55: Keynote speech

Shoshana ZUBOFF, Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita of Business Administration,

Harvard Business School

15:35-16:55: Discussion with experts, Members of the European Parliament and the public,

including:

Fredrik HEINTZ, Associate professor of Computer Science, Linköping University, Sweden;

President of Swedish AI Society; Director of Graduate School of Wallenberg AI, Autonomous

Systems and Software Program (WASP)

Karen YEUNG, Professor of Law, Ethics and Informatics, Birmingham Law School and School

of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

16:55-17:00: Closing remarks

Eva KAILI, MEP, Chair of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA)


3

2.

Through the construction of vast digital infrastructures, which track, monitor and collect personal data at scale, major online platforms are commodifying our data. An entire ecosystem of apps and

, in which we are ruled by algorithms and predictive analytics that make use of and trade individual human experiences to produce predictions of human behaviour has largely remained unregulated.

We still lack the necessary mechanisms and methodologies that would help us assess the evolving impact that the application of algorithmic systems with automated data analytics and machine learning capacities has on the exercise and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.

In the absence of common legal rules, binding legal standards and inter-institutional cooperation, the growing datafication of our societies threatens to dismantle the fundamentals of our democracy. It challenges human agency and self-determination, undermining privacy and depriving individuals of the right to remain disconnected, to seek redress or to authentically consent to market-based approaches, measures and practices of the tech sector.

As most of human activity and industry has moved online for the period of the pandemic and we become increasingly dependent on a growing amount of digital services, a series of critical questions arise: How can we build data infrastructures that recognise the role of data as a public good? Can we foresee an impartial system of data governance that could reconcile the astonishing potential of these technologies with their significant human downsides? How many citizens know that when we search Google, at the same time Google is searching us? Does the collection and processing of behavioural data by these technology platforms threaten to dismantle democracy and undermine the rule of law?

To tackle these questions and come up with novel, innovative responses, we need to read carefully the work of scholars like Shoshana Zuboff, the true prophet of the information age and one of the most influential thinkers of our times.

Her latest masterwork, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power , is apocalyptic: it reveals a world in which technology users are the raw material for new procedures of manufacturing that shape a Kafkaesque future. Her book exposes the inner

-targeting and behavioural advertising have become standard practices of data aggregation that are out of regulatory control.

Her analysis of the problematic aspects of the digital economy reminds us that we have a lot of work to do when it comes to regulating technology and more particularly in the domain of artificial intelligence. Scholars like Shoshana Zuboff with her insightful and passionate voice are needed to help us, as European lawmakers to set rules on algorithmic transparency and shape the digital age in an inclusive and responsible manner and reframe our terms of interaction with the digital world in its various manifestations.

Her participation in the 2020 STOA Annual Lecture as a keynote speaker marks an important milestone in our engagement with bold thinkers whose critical views and wake-up calls remind us of the fragility of our common values as well as of our rights as citizens, our responsibilities as policy-makers and our obligations to future generations.

Eva Kaili


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3.

The accelerating commodification of personal data that is used for the design, training and validation of predictive algorithms and the extensive use of highly targeted behaviour modification techniques have become a new source of legal and ethical concerns. In fact, given that our decisions are

-

ways.

The ongoing pandemic has accelerated our dependence on the digital world and our transformation from data subjects to data suppliers. Although digital technologies have been an important aspect of our crisis response in terms of detection, treatment and prevention, there are concerns that this increasing digitisation may lead to augmented surveillance, massive digital dependence and high epistemic asymmetries. Coronavirus, , is exposing the pathologies in the data governance ecosystem, which has left unaccountable private actors in possession of both our data, and the means to extract economic value from it. How can we manage the disruption that digitalisation poses to democracy and human rights? Can our political and human rights be safeguarded in the digital age? Whose responsibility is it to tackle these risks and strengthen data sovereignty and algorithmic transparency as a pillar to a fully democratic digital society and rights-preserving data ecosystem? Can the rule of law and ethics help us reclaim our data sovereignty and uphold the principles of liberal democracy?

cted to offer some well-informed answers to these crucial questions. The 2020 Annual Lecture will focus on the disruptive effects of the digital revolution upon democracy and the protection of civil liberties and human rights in the context of the current pandemic. It will examine the multifaceted impacts of digital technology on the notion of democratic citizenship and our ability to remain in control of our choices and data. The Annual Lecture 2020, chaired by STOA Chair Eva KAILI (S&D, Greece), will investigate the challenges associated with the growing datafication and platformisation of our societies and the need to reclaim data sovereignty in the era of AI, and address the plurality of socio-ethical challenges of digitisation.

Following the opening remarks of the STOA Chair, the European Commission Vice-President for Promoting the European Way of Life, Margaritis SCHINAS, will deliver an introductory speech on the subject of the event. The keynote lecture will be delivered by Shoshana ZUBOFF, Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and award-winning author of 'The Age of Surveillance Capitalism'. Professor ZUBOFF is a world-class thinker whose research is focused on the contested digital transition, its relationship to the future of capitalism, and the consequences for individuals and society.

Her keynote speech will be followed by a panel discussion on various aspects of key new technologies, with the participation of Members of the European Parliament and two eminent experts: Fredrik HEINTZ, Associate professor of Computer Science, Linköping University, Sweden, and President of the Swedish AI Society, and Karen YEUNG, Professor of Law, Ethics and Informatics, Birmingham Law School and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK. An online public debate will close the event.

As well as hearing from several interesting speakers, you will have the opportunity to join the debate either in person or via social media, using the hashtag #Lecture2020 .


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4.

4.1. Eva KAILI, MEP & STOA Chair

Eva Kaili is a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), part of the Hellenic S&D Delegation since

2014. She is the Chair of the European Parliament Panel for the Future of Science and Technology

(STOA) and its Centre for Artificial Intelligence (C4AI), member of the Committee on Industry, Research

and Energy (ITRE), and substitute member of the Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs

(ECON), and on Budgets (BUDG), and of the Special Committee on Artificial Intelligence in a Digital

Age (AIDA). Eva is a member of the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly (DACP),

and a substitute member of the delegation for relations with the Arab Peninsula (DARP), and of the

delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly (DNAT).

As MEP, Eva has been working intensively on promoting innovation as a driving force of the

establishment of the European Digital Single Market. She has been the draftsperson of multiple pieces

of legislation in the fields of blockchain technology, online platforms, big data, fintech, AI and

cybersecurity, as well as the ITRE draftsperson on the Juncker Plan EFSI2 and, more recently, the

InvestEU programme. She is the founder of the Future Forum, a network of influential politicians,

officials and public figures promoting innovation. She has also been the Chair of the Delegation to

the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, focusing on Defence and Security of Europe. Prior to that, she was

elected as a Member of the Hellenic Parliament 2007-2012, with the PanHellenic Socialist Movement

(PASOK). She also worked as a journalist and newscaster prior to her political career. She holds a

Bachelor degree in Architecture and Civil Engineering, and postgraduate degree in European Politics.

@EvaKaili


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4.2. Margaritis SCHINAS, European Commission Vice-President for Promoting the European Way of Life

Margaritis Schinas took office as Vice-President for Promoting our European Way of Life in the Von

security union, social rights, skills, education, culture, youth, health and dialogue with churches,

religious associations and non-confessional organisations.

Mr Schinas started his career in the European Commission in 1990. He also served as a Member of the

European Parliament, from 2007 until 2009. Upon the completion of his parliamentary term of office,

he returned to the European Commission and held various senior positions. In 2010, President Barroso

appointed Mr Schinas as Deputy Head of the Bureau of European Policy Advisers. Later he served as

Resident Director and Head of the Athens Office of the European Commission's Directorate‑General

for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN). In 2014, President Juncker appointed Mr Schinas as the

European Commission s Chief Spokesperson.

Margaritis Schinas holds an MSc in Public Administration and Public Policy from the London School

of Economics, a Diploma of Advanced European Studies in European Administrative Studies from the

College of Europe in Bruges, and a Degree in Law from the Aristotelean University of Thessaloniki.

@MargSchinas


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4.3. Shoshana ZUBOFF, Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita of Business Administration, Harvard Business School

Scholar, writer and activist Shoshana Zuboff is the author of three major books, each of which

signaled the start of a new epoch in technological society. Her recent masterwork, The Age of

Surveillance Capitalism

21st Century. Zuboff is the Charles Edward Wilson Professor Emerita at Harvard Business School.

'Our digital century was to have been democracy's Golden Age. Instead, we enter its third decade marked

by extreme asymmetries of knowledge and the power that accrues to such knowledge, as surveillance

capitalism seizes control of information and learning itself. Today the unaccountable power of the tech

companies threatens to remake society as it unmakes democracy, exposing a void where democratic

power should be and alerting us to our historical condition: We march naked into the digital century

without the charters of rights, legal frameworks, regulatory paradigms, and institutions necessary to

ensure a digital future that is compatible with democracy. If digital technologies are to advance the

aspirations of a democratic people in our time, then we must invent the laws and institutions that will make

it so.'

@Shoshanazuboff


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4.4. Fredrik HEINTZ, Associate Professor of Computer Science, Linköping University

Fredrik Heintz is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Linköping University, Sweden. He

leads the Reasoning and Learning group within the Division of Artificial Intelligence and Integrated

Systems (AIICS) in the Department of Computer Science. His research focus is artificial intelligence

especially the intersection between knowledge representation and machine learning. He is the

Director of the Graduate School for the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program

(WASP), the coordinator of the TAILOR ICT-48 network of AI research excellence centres.

Dr Heintz is the President of the Swedish AI Society, a member of the CLAIRE extended core team, a

member of the EurAI board, a researcher at the AI Sustainability Center in Stockholm, and was a

member of the European Commission High-Level Expert Group on AI. He is also very active in

education activities both at the university level and in promoting AI, computer science and

computational thinking in primary, secondary and professional education. Fellow of the Royal

Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA).

@FrederikHeintz


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4.5. Karen YEUNG, Professor of Law, Ethics and Informatics, University of Birmingham

Karen Yeung of, and through, new and emerging

technologies, with a particular focus on the legal, ethical, social and democratic implications of a suite

analytics, artificial intelligence (including various forms of machine learning), distributed ledger

technologies (including blockchain) and robotics. She is actively involved in several technology policy

and related initiatives at the national, European and international levels, including as a former

human rights dimensions of automated data processing and different forms of artificial intelligence

(MSI-AUT).

Karen occupies a number of strategic and advisory roles for various non-profit organisations and

research programmes concerned with responsible governance of technology. Her recent academic

publications include Algorithmic Regulation (co-edited with Martin Lodge), Oxford University Press

(2019), and The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology (co-edited with Roger

Brownsword and Eloise Scotford; 2017). She is on the editorial boards of the Modern Law Review, Big

Data & Society, Public Law and Technology and Regulation.


10

5.

Quantum technologies, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity: Catching up with the future 4 December 2018

Anton Zeilinger,

Professor of Physics and President of the Austrian Academy of Sciences

Esther Wojcicki, American technology educator and journalist at

the Palo Alto High School Media Arts programme

Media in the Age of Artificial Intelligence - 21 November 2017

Nello Cristianini, Professor of Artificial Intelligence, University of Bristol

David Wheeldon, Sky

Michail Bletsas, MIT Media Lab

Michiel Kolman, International Publishers Association & Elsevier

Andreas Vlachos, University of Sheffield

Jon Steinberg, Google

Richard Allan, Facebook

Yannis Kliafas, Athens Technology Center

Wilfried Runde, Deutsche Welle


11

Towards a space-enabled future for Europe -16 November 2016

Thomas Pesquet, ESA Astronaut (pictured)

Johann-Dietrich Woerner,

Director General, ESA

Philippe Brunet, Director, DG GROW, European Commission

Sir Martin Sweeting,

Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd & Surrey Space Centre

Ariane Cornell,

Blue Origin Business Development & Strategy

Johannes von Thadden, Airbus Defence and Space

Reinhold Ewald, ESA Astronaut

A discovery tour in the world of quantum optics - 9 December 2015

Serge Haroche,

Collège de France, Paris (pictured left)

Christophe Salomon, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris

Grégoire Ribordy,

ID Quantique, Geneva

Towards understanding the brain: explained by a Nobel Prize winner - 8 November 2014

Thomas Christian Südhof,

Stanford University, USA, 2013 Nobel Prize

in Medicine (pictured right)

David Nutt,

Imperial College London &

President of the European Brain Council

Elena Becker-Barroso,

The Lancet Neurology

Rosario Rizzuto,

University of Padua, Italy


12

Sustaining sustainability: Making economics work for the global environment - 12 November 2013

Ismail Serageldin,

Director of Bibliotheca Alexandrina & former Vice-

President of the World Bank (pictured left)

Achim Steiner,

Executive Director of the United Nations

Environment Programme

Hans Bruyninckx,

Executive Director of the

European Environment Agency

Monika Kircher,

CEO of Infineon Technologies Austria AG

Unlocking the mysteries of the universe at CERN - 27 November 2012

François Englert,

Professor Emeritus, Université Libre de Bruxelles

(pictured left)

Peter Higgs,

Professor Emeritus, University of Edinburgh

(pictured right)

Rolf Heuer,

Director-General of CERN

John Ellis,

Professor, King's College London

Steve Myers,

Director of Accelerators, CERN

Sustainable management of natural resources - 29 November 2011

Koji Omi,

Founder and Chairman,

Science and Technology in Society forum (pictured)

Sir Harry Kroto,

Florida State University,

1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (by video link)

John Anthony Allan,

Professor Emeritus, King's College London


13

Is an oil-free future possible? - 7 December 2010

Shai Agassi,

(pictured right)

Paul Crutzen,

Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry,

1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

(pictured left)

George Oláh,

University of Southern California,


(by video link)

One web, free and open for all - 1 December 2009

Sir Tim Berners-Lee,

Director of the World Wide Web Consortium &

Founder of the World Wide Web Foundation

Meeting future energy demands and tackling climate change - 12 November 2008

Jeffrey Sachs,

Director of the Earth Institute,

Columbia University (by video link)

David Eyton,

Group Vice-President on Technology BP

(pictured)

Jean-Pascal van Ypersele,

Vice-Chair Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change


14

The future of the brain - 27 November 2007

Susan Greenfield,

Director of the Institute for the Future of the Mind

Avoiding a web of confusion - Innovation in information technology - 21 November 2006

Phil Janson,

IBM Academy of Technology

Climate change and CO2 emissions reduction - 23 November 2005

Guy Brasseur,

Director of Max Planck Institute for Meteorology,

Hamburg, Germany


15

New and old epidemic diseases - 24 November 2004

Rolf Zinkernagel,

University of Zurich, Switzerland,

1996 Nobel Prize in Medicine

The coldest matter in the universe - 4 November 2003

Wolfgang Ketterle,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA,

2001 Nobel Prize in Physics

Risks and opportunities in the biotechnology era - 25 March 2003

Kary Mullis,

Burstein Technologies, Irvine, California,



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6.

6.1. Mission

The Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) forms an integral part of the structure of

the European Parliament. Launched in 1987, STOA is tasked with identifying and independently

assessing the impact of new and emerging science and technologies.

The goal of its work is to assist, with independent information, the Members of the European

Parliament (MEPs) in developing options for long-term, strategic policy-making.

The STOA Panel

The STOA Panel consists of 27 MEPs nominated from eleven permanent parliamentary committees:

AGRI (Agriculture & Rural Development), CULT (Culture & Education), EMPL (Employment & Social

Affairs), ENVI (Environment, Public Health & Food Safety), IMCO (Internal Market & Consumer

Protection), INTA (International Trade ), ITRE (Industry, Research & Energy), JURI (Legal Affairs), LIBE

(Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs), REGI (Regional Development) and TRAN (Transport &

Tourism).

Ewa KOPACZ is the European Parliament Vice-President responsible for STOA for the first half of the

9th parliamentary term. The STOA Chair for the first half of the 9th parliamentary term is Eva KAILI with

Christian EHLER and Ivars IJABS elected as 1st and 2nd Vice-Chairs respectively.

The STOA approach

STOA fulfils its mission primarily by carrying out science-based projects. Whilst undertaking these

projects, STOA assesses the widest possible range of options to support evidence-based policy

decisions. A typical project investigates the impacts of both existing and emerging technology options

and presents these in the form of studies and options briefs. These are publicly available for download

via the STOA website: www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/.

Some of STOA's projects explore the long-term impacts of future techno-scientific trends, with the aim

to support MEPs in anticipating the consequences of developments in science. Alongside its

production of 'hard information', STOA communicates its findings to the European Parliament by

organising public events throughout the year. STOA also runs the MEP-Scientist Pairing Scheme aimed

at promoting mutual understanding and facilitating the establishment of lasting links between the

scientific and policy-making communities.

Focus areas

STOA activities and products are varied and are designed to cover as wide a range of scientific and

technological topics as possible, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, 5G, genetic engineering,

antibiotics resistance, internet addiction, face recognition, pollution, sustainable agriculture, COVID-

19 and health in general.

These activities are clustered within three main thematic areas: Artificial intelligence & other disruptive

technologies, The new Green Deal, and Quality of life. In addition, four cross-

cutting policy areas: Science, technology and innovation; Societal and ethical challenges; Economic

challenges; and Legal challenges.

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/


17

ESMH

The European Science-Media Hub (ESMH), operating under the political responsibility of the STOA

Panel, is a platform to promote networking, training and knowledge sharing between the European

Parliament, the scientific community and the media. The ESMH creates a network among policy-

makers, scientists and media involving science, academia, educational and research entities, and

professional associations of journalists and scientists.

For journalists and media representatives, the ESMH organises training sessions and workshops on

current technological developments, both as subjects of their reporting and as means of facilitating

their work. Via media monitoring and media intelligence tools, the ESMH follows the most popular

topics in the field of science and technology on different platforms including journals, newspapers

and social media.

The ESMH makes information available to journalists, other media and citizens about new scientific

developments, as well as about scientific topics that attract media attention, and promotes

information based on evidence.

https://sciencemediahub.eu/about-us/


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6.2. STOA Panel members

Panel Member Committee Panel Member Committee

Ewa KOPACZ

(EPP, PL)

EP Vice-President

STOA Bureau

member

Herbert DORFMANN

(EPP, IT)

AGRI

Eva KAILI

(S&D, EL)

STOA Chair

STOA Bureau

member

ITRE

Lina GALVEZ

MUÑOZ (S&D, ES)

EMPL

Christian EHLER

(EPP, DE)

1st STOA Vice-

Chair - STOA

Bureau member

ITRE

Alexandra GEESE

(Greens/EFA, DE)

IMCO

Ivars IJABS

(Renew Europe, LV)

2nd STOA Vice-

Chair - STOA

Bureau member

ITRE

Alexis

GEORGOULIS

(GUE/NGL, EL)

CULT

Anna-Michelle

ASIMAKOPOULOU

(EPP, EL)

INTA

Maria GRAPINI

(S&D, RO)

TRAN

Rosa D’AMATO

(NI, IT)

REGI

Ivo HRISTOV

(S&D, BG)

AGRI

Francesca DONATO

(ID, IT)

AGRI

Marina KALJURAND

(S&D, ET)

LIBE


19

Panel Member Committee Panel Member Committee

Othmar KARAS

(EPP, AT)

ITRE

Hermann TERTSCH

(ECR, ES)

ENVI

Maria Manuel

LEITÃO MARQUES

(S&D, PT)

Barbara THALER

(EPP, AT)

TRAN

Karen MELCHIOR

(Renew Europe, DK)

IMCO

Patrizia TOIA

(S&D, IT)

ITRE

Caroline

NAGTEGAAL

(Renew Europe, NL)

TRAN

Yana TOOM

(Renew Europe, ET)

EMPL

Dennis RADTKE

(EPP, DE)

EMPL

Viola VON

CRAMON-

TAUBADEL

(Greens/EFA, DE)

ITRE

Michèle RIVASI

(Greens/EFA, FR)

ENVI

Tiemo WÖLKEN

(S&D, DE)

JURI

Susana SOLÍS

PÉREZ

(Renew Europe, ES)

ENVI

AGRI: Agriculture and Rural Development

CULT: Culture and Education

EMPL: Employment and Social Affairs

ENVI: Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

IMCO: Internal Market and Consumer Protection

INTA: International Trade

ITRE: Industry, Research and Energy

JURI: Legal Affairs

LIBE: Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs

REGI: Regional Development

TRAN: Transport and Tourism


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6.3. STOA administration

Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS)

European Parliament

Rue Wiertz 60

B-1047 Brussels

E-mail: [email protected]

Director-General

Anthony TEASDALE

Director

Wolfgang HILLER

Head of Unit - Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)

Theo KARAPIPERIS

STOA Secretariat

Zsolt G. PATAKI, Head of Service

Mihalis KRITIKOS

Gianluca QUAGLIO

Scientific Foresight Service

Lieve VAN WOENSEL, Head of Service

Philip BOUCHER

Vadim KONONENKO

European Science-Media Hub (ESMH)

Svetla TANOVA, Coordinator

Vitalba CRIVELLO

Eszter FAY

Emilia BANDEIRA MORAIS

Seconded National Expert

Andrés GARCÍA HIGUERA

Assistants

Rachel MANIRAMBONA

Marie-Noëlle MPOLESHA MISENGA

Edita RAMASAUSKAITE

Trainees

Marcos FERNANDEZ ALVAREZ

Aikaterini MAVROVA

mailto:[email protected]

This is a publication of the Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

PE 656.325

digital human rights and the future of democracy: lessons ......digital human rights and the future...

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