1. DigitalStorytelling: stNarrativesforthe21 Century KristenR.Stephens,Ph.D. kstephen@duke.edu DukeUniversity

2. 10 THINGS ILove IHate 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 9. 10. 10. 1

3. S TORY S TAR Who are the main characters in the story? Include yourself. How does this event (or realization) change your life, or the way you feel about the world? Where is the story set? It could be in more than one CENTER: Why do you place. want to tell this particular story? What happens during the most Think of your story as a mini-movie important moment of the story? running in your head. How do you feel at the beginning of the story?2

4. S TORY C IRCLE G UIDELINES Thestorytellerisallowedtotellorreadtheircompletestorywithoutany interruption Feedbackshouldalwaysbeginwithaspecificaffirmationaboutthestory. Suggestionsarecouchedbystaying,Ifitweremystory,I Ifyourstudentsneedmorestructure,youcangivethemspecificaspectsof thedigitalstoryonwhichtocommentsuchas: WhatIlikedaboutyourstory Whatstoodoutaboutthestory WhatIdidntunderstandaboutthestory ThefeelingIgotfromthestory Yourstorymakesmethinkaboutthesepictures/images 3

5. S OFTWAREFOR D IGITAL S TORYTELLING PhotoEditingSoftware Therearemanytypesofphotoeditingsoftwareavailable.WewilluseiPhototomakevery simpleeditstoourimagesduringtheeducatorworkshop. Almostallcomputersnowcomewithsimilarsoftware.Also,digitalcamerasandscanners almostalwayshavesoftwarewithbasiceditingcapabilities. CDSusesthefollowingtwopiecesofsoftwaremostofteninitsstandardworkshops: AdobePhotoshopElements AdobePhotoshopCS VideoEditingSoftware Althoughsomeofthemorebasicsoftware(iMovieandMovieMaker)doesnothavethemore advancedfeatureswecommonlyuseonstillimages,anyvideoeditingsoftwarewillworkto makeabasicdigitalstory. iMovie(onmacs) WindowsMovieMaker(onPCs) FinalCutExpressorPro(onmacs) AdobePremiereElementsorPro(macsorPCs) PinnacleStudioPlus(PC) SonyVegasElementsorPro(PC) DVDAuthoring ComputersthathaveDVDburnerswillcomewithbasicDVDauthoringandburningsoftware. IntheworkshopforeducatorswewilluseiDVD. VoiceoverRecordings SoundStudio(macs) Audacity(macorpc)thisoneisFREE!4

6. O RGANIZING D IGITAL S TORYTELLING F ILES Keepingfilesorganizedandcorrectlyidentifiedfromthebeginningoftheprojectwillminimizeconfusionandtime spentsortingoutfilesattheendoftheproject.Eachstudentwillgenerateatleast15to20differentfilesfora projectwithveryshortstories.Youcanseethatthenumberofdigitalfilesgeneratedbyaclasscanbeenormous. Thefollowingprojectmanagementstrategieswillhelpkeeptheprojectorganized: Allprojectmaterialsaresavedinthesamesetofsubfoldersthatarehousedinonemainfolder.Noneofthe digitalfilesshouldbesavedoutsideofthemainfolder.Thiswillbeveryhelpfulifbyanychancethestudentstarts theprojectononecomputerandneedstofinishitonanother. Thenameonallfolders,subfoldersandfilescontainthenameofthestudent.Themainfoldershouldbenamed withthestudentsfirstandlastname.Otherfoldersandfilescanhavethestudentsinitials.Thisisthesame principalashavingstudentsputtheirnameonalltheirworkdoneonpaper. Astheteacher,youperiodicallychecktomakesurethatthefoldersareorganized.Wesuggestthat,asyoulookat thefolderstocheckoffworkthatisdue,youlookatallthefolderstodoublecheckthatthestudentsare maintainingalltheirfilesorganized. Thisisthefolderstructure(calledthedirectorysysteminPCs) FolderStructure Keepthemainfolderordirectoryonthedesktoptokeepitaccessibleduringtheproject. MainFolder: AndreaSmith Subfolders: ProjectAIS VoiceoverAIS ImagesAIS SoundtrackAIS VideoAIS ScriptAIS Project VideoFileAIS AISvo pic1AIS musicAIS vidoeclipAIS scriptAISFiles pic2AIS pic3AIS pic4AIS pic5AIS 5

7. R ECORDINGA V OICEOVER Youcaneitherrecordusingtheinternalbuiltinmicrophonethatcomeswiththecomputeroranexternal microphonethatcanbepluggedintothecomputer.WeSTRONGLYrecommendyouuseanexternalmicrophone. Thesoundqualityisfarsuperior,andfordigitalstorytellingtheabilitytoclearlyhearthevoiceoveriscritical. Thereareanumberofmicrophoneoptions.Whichyouchoosedependsonyourrecordingneeds,yourcomputer equipmentandyourcomfortwithtechnology. Thesearethebasicoptions: Microphoneandmixer(bestoptionforhighqualityrecording) Tabletopmicrophonewithnoisecancelingtechnology Headsetmicrophonewithnoisecancelingtechnology(bestclassroomoption) Dependingonyourcomputerequipment,youwillneedtoconnectthemicrophonetoyourcomputerviaa USBcableora1/8thinchmicrophonejack. Connectyourmicrophonetothecomputer.GotothePreferences(onmacs)orControlPanel(onPCs)tomake surethatthatthecomputerisrecordingyourvoicethroughtheexternalmicrophoneyouhavejustpluggedin ratherthantheinternalmicrophone. YoudothisbygoingtotheSoundsand/orAudiooptioninthePreferencesorControlPanel.There,youwillfinda placetoselecttheexternalmicrophoneyouareusing.Youmayhavetolookthroughdifferenttabsonthis windowtofindthepulldownmenusorcheckboxesthatcontrolthemicrophonethroughwhichthevoiceoveris recorded. Youarenowreadytorecordthevoiceover.WerecommendusingAudacity,freesoftwarewithatutorialincluded ontheTeacherResourcesCD.ThetutorialisforusingAudacityonaPC,howeveritisnowavailableforApple computers.ThetutorialwillsupportyouruseofAudacityonanApplecomputeraswellasonaPC. 6

8. D IGITAL S TORYTELLING T EACHER S C ALENDAR Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday IntroductiontotheProject, Element2:DramaticQuestion Element4:Economy(mini discusswhatmakesagood (minilectureanddiscussion lectureanddiscussion) story(minilectureand withstorysamples) discussion) Element3:EmotionalContent Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum WritersWorkshopI:Writing Element1:PointofView (minilectureanddiscussion andEditing (minilecture,discussionwith withstorysamples) storysamples) Activity:StoryStarandinitiate Activity:TenThingsILike/Ten writing ThingsIHate HW:FinishScripts HW:Completeroughdraft WritersWorkshopII: ROUGHDRAFTOFSCRIPT Scriptsandstoryboards Writing,Editingand ANDSTORYBOARDDUE returnedwithcomments. Storyboarding Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum Revisescriptsandcompletea Regularcurriculum simplestoryboard. HW:FinishScripts HW:CompleteScriptsand Storyboard FINALSCRIPTAND Tutorialonsettingupfolders Voiceoversarecompletedin STORYBOARDDUE toorganizeproject. anotherroomregular curriculumimplementedin Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum Tutorialondoingvoiceover. mainclassroom. HW:Collectimagesfor HW:Collectimagesfor HW:Collectimagesfor Elements5to7:Voice, scanningandorganizingon scanningandorganizingon scanningandorganizingon SoundtrackandPacing. Thursday. Thursday. Thursday. VoiceoversshouldbecompletedbeforeteachingiMovie.Schedulingvoiceoverswillvaryfromschooltoschool.Forthisexample,voiceoversarecompletedinanother roomregularcurriculumhappensinmainclassroom.Ifonesetofrecordingequipmentisavailable,2to3shortvoiceoverswillbecompletedina50minuteperiod.

9. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Voiceoversarecompletedin VoiceoversarecompletedinVoiceoversarecompletedin Voiceoversarecompletedin Voiceoversarecompletedin anotherroomregular anotherroomregularanotherroomregular anotherroomregular anotherroomregular curriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedincurriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedin mainclassroom. mainclassroom.mainclassroom. mainclassroom. mainclassroom.Voiceoversarecompletedin Voiceoversarecompletedin Voiceoversarecompletedin Voiceoversarecompletedin Voiceoversarecompletedinanotherroomregular anotherroomregular anotherroomregular anotherroomregular anotherroomregularcurriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedin curriculumimplementedinmainclassroom. mainclassroom. mainclassroom. mainclassroom. mainclassroom. HW:Collectimagesbasedon HW:Collectimagesbasedon completedstoryboardtobring completedstoryboardtobring toclassfordigitalstory. toclassfordigitalstory.FINALVOICEOVERSDUEIN ALLIMAGESTOBEUSEDORGANIZEDFOLDERS MUSTBECOLLECTED& Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum Workinlab,gettingimages SCANNEDBYENDOFDAY!Discusswebsitestogetvideos readyforuse. orphotoscopyrightfree Workinlab,gettingimages readyforuse.iPhotoandscanningtutorial. Workinlab,gettingimages readytouse. HW:Collectimagesbasedon completedstoryboardtobring toclassfordigitalstory. HW:Collectimagesbasedon HW:Collectimagesbasedon completedstoryboardtobring completedstoryboardtobring toclassfordigitalstory. toclassfordigitalstory. 8

10. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday ROUGHEDITDUEATENDOFRegularcurriculum Regularcurriculum iMovieTutorial Videoproduction PERIODSOUNDTRACKDUEIN PROPERFOLDER Videoproduction VideoProduction FINALDIGITALSTORYDUE FinalizeandOutputDigitalRegularcurriculum Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum FinalizeDigitalStory Story HW:Reflectionontheproject, whateachstudentlearnedand howtheyfeltaboutthe project. Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum Regularcurriculum FILMFESTIVAL! FILMFESTIVAL! 9

11. B ARE B ONES T EACHER C ALENDAR Monday TuesdayWednesday Thursday Friday Discussionaroundwhatmakes agoodstoryusingsample Whatisdigitalstorytelling? questions Refinescripts Tutorialonorganizingfolders Lecture/discussionwithmodels lecturewithmodels re:visualelementsofthestory Havekidsdoafreewrite Coulddoapaired1520minute Tutorialondoingvoiceovers aboutpotentialstoryideas activitywherekidsgive Introduceideaofstoryboard& feedbackoneachothers Voiceoversinclasseveryone startwork Shareoutasaclass&narrow scripts doitatonce! downstoryideas HW:Createstoryboard&bring HW:Writescript HW:finalizescripts photostouse LABGettingimagesready LABiMovieTutorial LABWorkonroughedit LABFineedit FilmFestival! iPhototutorial Workonroughedit Discussfindingmusic Backup Discusswebsitestogetvideos Tutorialonspecialeffects orphotoscopyrightfree Iwouldsuggestteachers/aides outputstoriesastheyfinished HW:Reflectiononhowthe orafterschool projectwent,whatkidslearned &howtheyfeelaboutfinished project 10

12. D IGITAL S TORY D UE D ATES Due DescriptionofItemDue #of Date points A12paragraphdescriptionofthestoryideayouhavedecidedon. Aroughdraftofthescript(nolongerthan350words)youwillusetonarrate yourstory. Afinaldraftofthescript(nolongerthan350words)youwillusetonarrate yourstory. Aseriesoffoldersorganizedintheproperfashion. Yourfinalvoiceoverintheproperfolder. Adetailedstoryboardshowingtheorderyouwillputtheclipsin&what imagesyouwillshowastheinterviewplays. Afolderfullofalltheroughimagesyouwilluseinyourstory. Afolderfullofallthereadyimagesyouwilluseinyourstory. Arougheditofyourdigitalstory. Afolderwithmusicalselectionsyouwilluseinyourstory. Afinaleditofyourdigitalstory,completewitheffects&music. 11

13. Name: StoryTitle: S TORYBOARD AUDIO(Whatviewerhears) VIDEO(Whatviewersees) 12

14. D IGITAL S TORYTELLING A SSESSMENT R UBRIC Thegoalofthisassessmentrubricistogiveeducatorsaplacetobeginconstructingtheirownrubric.Pleaseutilizeittotheextentthatitishelpfultoyou.PleasesendsuggestionsforimprovingtherubrictoAndreaSpagat,EducationDirectoratCDSatandrea@storycenter.org. Suggested Categories Mastery Proficient Sufficient Insufficient Missing Scripthasa Themeand Themeand Storyhastheme Storydoesnothave Writingisnot cleartheme messageorlesson messageorlesson andmessageor aunifyingtheme developedasa andpurpose. drawnfromstory drawnfromstory lesson.Script andcontains digitalstory,no areidentifiable. areidentifiable. contains informationthat identifiabletheme Thescriptconveysa Thescriptmay informationthat pointto orpurpose. singlestoryrather containsome supportsthemeand contradictory thanattemptingto informationthat message,butalso messages. relatemorethan divergesfromthe contains onestoryatatime. maintheme. informationthatis unnecessary.May trytotellmorethan onestory. Scriptcreates Openingstatements Openingstatements Openingstatement Openingstatement Openingstatement interestby demonstrate demonstrate isthoughtfuland doesnotengage hasnorelationship establishinga thoughtfulnessand thoughtfulnessand engagesaudience. theaudience. totherestofthe strong creativityand creativityand story. dramatic engageaudiencein engageaudience. question. aninterestingand subtlefashion. Scriptutilizes Rich,original Originallanguageis Mostofthe Storyisfullof Nodetailsare specificdetails languageisusedto usedtodescribe languageisoriginal. cliches.Veryfew included.Specific tosetascene describespecific situationsthat Fewclichesare specificdetailsare scenesarenot intowhich detailsthatreveal suggestknowledge, used.Languageis included. included. vieweris knowledge, attitudes,beliefsof usedtodescribe drawn. attitudes,beliefsof charactersinstory. knowledge, charactersinstory. Verylittle attitudesand Onlylanguage unnecessary beliefsdirectly. necessarytofurther languageisused. Unnecessary plotandcomplete languageis storyarcisused. included. 13

15. Suggested Categories Mastery Proficient Sufficient Insufficient MissingScript Storyisconcluded Thestoryconcludes Thestoryconcludes Theconclusiondoes Thestorytrailsoffconcludesby throughtheuseof withenough withtheresolution notaddressthe withoutaresponseresolvingthe detailsthatallow information tothedramatic dramaticquestion, tothedramaticdramatic theaudienceto respondtoprovide question.The orisnotalogical question.question. interpretthe aresponsetothe audiencefeels conclusiongiven messageofthe dramaticquestion. satisfied,although thecontentofthe story.Theaudience Theaudiencefeels theconclusionmay story. feelssatisfiedandis satisfiedandthe bemoralizingor giventhe conclusiondoesnot preachy. opportunitytothink soundpreachy. aboutthecontent. Theconclusiondoes notsoundpreachy.Images Imagesareoriginal Mostimagesare Someimagesare Manyimagesare Veryfewimagescomplement andconvey original.Many originalandcontain notoriginaland used.Nooriginalandhelp informationthatis imagesconvey imagesnot undermineintentof images.conveythe notcontainedinthe informationnot containedinthe story.Almostallideasinthe scriptbutthatadds containedinthe script.Some imagesreflectthescript tostorylineand script.Images imagesreflectthe voiceoverexactly senseofsatisfaction enhancethe voiceoverexactly anddonotaddany withthestory. audiences anddonotprovide newinformationto Toneofthevisuals experienceofthe additional thescript. isalignedwithtone story.Toneofmost information.Tone ofthestoryoris visualsisaligned ofmostvisualsis juxtaposedtothe withthetoneofthe alignedwiththe storywithspecific story. toneofthesotry. intent.Specialeffects Specialeffectsare Almostallspecial Mostspecialeffects Almostallspecial Videonotcontributeto usedwithspecific effectsenhance enhancestoryline. effectsare developedanoverall intenttoenhance story.Theydonot Somespecial distractingand sufficientlytosenseof theaudiences underminethe effectsare underminethe determinewhichsatisfactionfor satisfactionwith meaningofthe distracting.Very intentofthestory. specialeffectstheaudience. thestory.Theydo story.Verylimited limiteduseof Nospecialeffects wouldbeeffective. notdistractfrom useofspecial specialeffects ortransitionsused. thestoryor effectspossible. possible.Most undermineits Transitionsused transitionsused meaning. effectively. effectively. Transitionsused effectively. 14

16. Suggested Categories Mastery Proficient Sufficient Insufficient MissingSoundtrack Soundtrackchoice/ Soundtrack Soundtrackdoes Soundtrack Soundtrackmakescontributesto choicesenhance enhancessenseof notnecessarily interfereswith itimpossibletothemessage senseofsatisfaction satisfactionwith needtobeused abilitytohear understandstory.ofthestory withthestoryand story.Soundtrack throughoutstory. voiceoverand/or Notethatchoosinganddoesnot makesitmore doesnotnecessarily Doesnotinterfere undermines tonotputainterferewith interesting. needtobeused withabilitytohear purposeofstory. soundtrackinahearingthe Soundtrackdoes throughoutstory. voiceoveror digitalstoryshouldvoiceover. notnecessarily Doesnotinterfere underminepurpose notleadtoan needtobeused withabilitytohear ofstory. assessmentof throughoutstory. voiceoveror missing.No Doesnotinterfere underminepurpose soundtrackisoften withabilitytohear ofstory. muchbetterthana voiceoveror soundtrackthat underminepurpose interfereswiththe ofstory. story.Voiceover Voiceoverisclearly Voiceoverisclearly Voiceoverisclearly Voiceoverdifficult Voiceoverissupports audible,voice audible.Voice audible.Some orimpossibleto missing.purposeand inflectionsand inflectionsand interestcreated hear.toneofstory. pacingdraws pacinginmostof withinflectionand audienceinand thescriptmakesit pacing. createsintimacy easytolistentoand withauthentic engagewiththe emotion story.Story Allfilesusedin Almostallfilesused Morethan5files Somemissingfiles Lessthan75%ofcomponents digitalstoryare indigitalstoryare noteasilyfound. resultinproject filesresultinorganizedin easilyfoundin easilyfoundin Allfilesneededto thatismissing projectthatcannotfolders. clearlylabeled clearlylabeled openprojectare components. beunderstood. folders. folders. available.Student MasteryofiMovie Effectiveuseof Titlesand Titlesandtransition utilizesiMovie andoptionsfor iMovie.Titles, transitionsused. notused.Noeffectively. specialeffects, transitions,panning Panningand evidenceof includingpanning andzoomingused zoomingusedbut knowinghowto andzooming. anddonotdistract distractfromstory applyapanor Specialeffectsare fromstory. somewhat(too zoom. usedonlywhen manypansand needed,donot zooms,pansand distractfromstory zoomsthatmoveto andenhancethe quicklyorslowly). experienceof watchingthedigital story.Titlesand transitionsused effectively. 15

17. I NTERNET S ITES FOR P HOTO , A UDIO , V IDEO R ESOURCES IMAGE SEARCH ENGINES AND TOOLS http://www.flickr.com http://www.google.com (choose image search) http://www.altavista.com/sites/search/simage http://dgl.microsoft.com/mgo1en/eula.asp http://www.ncrtec.org/picture.htm http://www.picturesnow.com/ (choose image search) http://www.webplaces.com/search/ http://www.corbis.com/ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/ImageFinder/ http://gallery.yahoo.com/ http://disney.ctr.columbia.edu/webseek/ http://creativecommons.org FILM/VIDEO ON THE INTERNET Commercial Search Tool: http://www.picturesnow.com/ (choose video search) Internet Moving Images Archive, Prelinger Collection http://www.archive.org/movies/ COLLECTIONS AND DIRECTORIES OF IMAGES AND PHOTOGRAPHS Note: these sites may take a little more exploration, to find specific collections or search tools within the site . . . Allearn Image Databases http://www.alllearn.org/er/tree.jsp?c=43029 American Museum of Photography: http://www.photographymuseum.com/ City Gallery (commercial site): http://www.city-gallery.com/ Cook Collection Images of African Americans: http://www.library.vcu.edu/jbc/speccoll/cook/ Directory of Online Galleries and Art Museums: http://www.icom.org/vlmp/galleries.html Directory of Online Museums: http://www.icom.org/vlmp/ George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film:16

18. http://www.geh.org/ Holocaust Memorial Museum: http://www.ushmm.org/research/collections/ Images from the History of Medicine: http://wwwihm.nlm.nih.gov/ Museum Computer Network: Art Museum Sites Online: http://www.mcn.edu/sitesonline.htm National Archives (select Digital Copies Search): http://www.nara.gov/nara/searchnail.html National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Collection: http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/nav.html New York Public Library Digital Archive Collection: http://digital.nypl.org/photo.htm Photographic Libraries (commercial site for stock images): http://www.photographiclibraries.com/ Online Archive of California: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/calheritage/ Time Life Photos: http://www.thepicturecollection.com Vintage Postcards: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jmount/postcard.html The Web Gallery of Art: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/ Finding Images on the Web: a Tutorial http://www.bu.edu/library/training/webimages.htm Ruth Thomas, Art History Bibliographer at Boston University, teaches you about image copyright issues, downloading and inserting images, and the grammar for searching images on different search engines; she also links to large image repositories. ROYALTY-FREE MUSIC http://www.musicmediatracks.com http://www.musopen.com/ http://www.royaltyfreemusic.com http://www.freemusicplay.com/17

19. WEB 2.0 TOOLS Animoto.com - Add images and songs to create a music video. Voicethread.com - Add images, video, and voice commentary from you or your students to build a collaborative story. Zooburst.com - Digital storytelling tool that is designed to let anyone easily create their own customized 3D pop-up books. Kerpoof.com - Create animated video stories, pictures and more. Includes timeline and multiple layers. Mostly supports an elementary audience. Goanimate.com - Cut and paste Discovery Education images, clipart, songs and more into an animated cartoon story. Xtranormal.com - A text-to-speech tool. Pick a scene, type in a script, add action and sound, and publish. PhotoPeach.com - Similar to PhotoStory 3 only completely web-based. Edu.Glogster.com - Tool to create a non-linear story, PSA, or poster. Imageloop.com - Upload images from computer or Flickr or other site and combine them with their animated templates. Ourstory.com - Save stories, photos, and videos on a collaborative timeline. Vuvox.com - Create interactive slideshows and presentations from photos, video and music from Flickr, Picasa Web Albums, or YouTube. FREE TUTORIALS Moviemaker Tutorial http://www.atomiclearning.com/k12/en/moviemaker2 iMovie Tutorial http://www.apple.com/ilife/video-showcase GarageBand Tutorial http://www.apple.com/findouthow/music/garageband08.html Audacity Tutorial http://curriculum.union.edu/tips/audacity.php Photostory3 Tutorial http://millie.furman.edu/mll/tutorials/photostory3/index.htm COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Are You Copyright Savy? http://www.digitales.us/resources/copyright_savvy.php Copyright and Digital Storytelling http://digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu/copyright.html18