dioxins and co2 reduction on power and heat sector

8/6/2019 Dioxins and CO2 reduction on power and heat sector

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Thailand

DIOXINS AND CO2 REDUCTION ONPOWER AND HEAT SECTORS

Massimo GobbiUNIDO

BAT/BEP Workshop

Bangkok 13 June 2011

M. Gobbi - BANGKOK 13 JUNE 2011 1


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THE UNIDO PROJECT

Project title: Demonstration of BAT and BEPin fossil fuel-fired utilities and industrial boilersin response to the Stockholm Convention onPOPs

Starting date: April 2010

Duration: 4 years

Project site: Regional (Cambodia, Indonesia,Lao PDR, Mongolia, Philippines and Thailand)



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TARGET

SIMULTANEOUS REDUCTION OFDIOXINS AND CO2 ON POWER AND

INDUSTRIAL BOILERS IN ESEA

COUNTRIES



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3.3 - PROJECT ACTIVITIES/workplan

Activity 3.3.1: Identify criteria for boiler typesselection

Activity 3.3.2: Select 2 boilers each in 6participating countries for

demonstration Activity 3.3.3: Modify and/or optimize

technology parameters ofselected boilers

Activity 3.3.4: Set up and carry out pilotmonitoring programs for a fewselected boiler types at powergeneration and industry sectors



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POWER STATION



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MAE MOH Power plant


Power plant panorama


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MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING RELEASES

OF DIOXINS IN BOILERS

TYPE OF FUEL USED

TYPE OF BOILER/PLANT

PRESENCE OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

SYSTEM BEFORE THE STACK



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UNEP Toolkit

DIOXINS EMISSION FACTORS*

Power and Heat SectorsEmission Factors - g TEQ/TJ of

Fossil Fuel Burned

Air Water Residue

1. Fossil fuel/waste co-fired power boilers 35 ND ND

2. Coal fired power boilers 10 ND 14

3. Heavy fuel fired power boilers 2.5 ND ND

4. Shale oil fired power plants 1.5 ND *

5. Light fuel oil/natural gas fired power boilers 0.5 ND ND


*important note: the type of plant is not considered


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OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING DIOXINS

EMISSIONS IN BOILERS

Age (old boilers emit more than new boilers)

Size (small boilers emit more than medium,large)

Technology used for combustion andCombustion system (burners works betterthan grates)

Operation and maintenance quality Type of operation ( full load, reduced load,

continous operation, intemittent operation)



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DIOXINS EMISSION FACTORS FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILERS*


Fuel type Old boilergTEQ/TJ

Retrofitted

boilergTEQ/TJ

New boiler

BAT/BEPgTEQ/TJ

Biomass 500 100 50

Coal 100 10 1

Fuel oil 10 2,5 2,5

* data from measures in Denmark and Poland


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Fuel type CO2 E.F.

tons CO2/MWh

Dioxins E.F.

g TEQ/TJ

Biomass 0 50

Coal 0.34 10

Fuel oil 0.27 2.5

Natural gas 0.20 0.5

Massimo Gobbi UNIDO - February 2011

CO2 and Dioxins Emission factors for power boilers

TECHNIQUES FOR DIOXINS AND CO


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TECHNIQUES FOR DIOXINS AND CO2SIMULTANEOUS REDUCTION

(BAT/BEP) FUEL SWITCHING TO CLEANER FUELS

REPLACEMENT/RETROFITTING OF BOILER

EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

!! ADDITION OF FILTERS BEFORE THE STACK CANREDUCE DIOXINS BUT DOES NOT REDUCE CO2



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Dioxins reduction by switching to cleaner fuel

M. Gobbi - ULAAN BATOR JUNE 2011 14

Fuel type Old boilergTEQ/TJ

Retrofitted

boilergTEQ/TJ

New boiler

BAT/BEPgTEQ/TJ

Biomass 500 100 50

Coal 100 10 1

Fuel oil 10 2.5 2.5

Natural

gas

0.5 0.5 0.5

* Data from measures in Denmark and Poland


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PLANTENERGY INPUT -FUEL ELECTRICITY

HEAT LOSSES



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TYPICAL ENERGY BALANCE OF A

INDUSTRIAL BOILER

BOILER

st

a

c

k

ENERGY TO

PROCESS 75%

ENERGY IN FUEL 10 0%

RADIATION AND

CONVECTION

LOSSES 4%

HEAT LOSS AT STACK18%

HEAT LOSS IN

BLOWDOWN 3%


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BOILER EFFICIENCY


BOILER

ENERGY TO PROCESS

WITH STEAM 75 %

ENERGY LOST

TO STACK 1 8%

ENERGY I N

FUEL 100%

HEAT LOSS IN

BLOWDOWN 3 %

RADIATION AN DCONVECTION LOSSES

4%


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EFFECTS OF EFFICIENCY INCREASE

1. Results in positive effects on plant

operation

2. Reduces fuel consumptions and fuelbill

3. Reduces both dioxins and CO2emissions



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POWER BOILERS



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POWER BOILERS INVENTORY

NUMBER OF POWER

BOILERS IN THE ESEA

REGION

CAMBODIA (1) -

INDONESIA 44

LAO PDR -

MONGOLIA 49

PHILIPPINES 62THAILAND 217

TOTAL 372



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POWER BOILERSTARGET:

1% efficiency

improvement



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POWER BOILERS SELECTION CRITERIA

BOILER REPRESENTATIVE OF BOILER POPULATION

REMAINING LIFETIME MORE THAN 10 YEARS

TYPE OF OPERATION: BASE LOAD

FUEL: PREFERABLY COAL COAL CONSUMPTION ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE IN FUTURE

COAL BURNING RESULTS IN HIGHER DIOXINS EMISSIONS THAN OTHER

FUELS. MORE DIOXINS REDUCTIONS CAN BE ACHIEVED



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Suralaya power plantInstalled capacity

2600 MWMassimo Gobbi UNIDO expert November

201023


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Annual fuel savings t/y 137,600

Annual fuel bill savings US$ 6,800,000

(at 50 $/t) CO2 reduction - tCO2/y) 251,000

Dioxins reduction -gTEQ/y 31000

(0,03 g/y)

Carbon credits (US$) 3,800,000

(251,0000 x 15 $/t)Massimo Gobbi UNIDO expert November

201024

SURALAYA POWER PLANT1% EFFICIENCY INCREASE


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MAIN BEP MEASURESIN POWER BOILER

IMPROVEMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHEMENT OF CRITICAL EQUIPMENT

UPGRADE OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

EFFICIENCY INCREASE



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Efficiency improvement in Power

Plants

Main interventions

1. Condenser

2. Air heater3. Pulverizers

4. Burners

5. Instrumentation&Control system



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1

4

2

3


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INDUSTRIAL BOILERS



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Firetube boiler


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Industrial Boiler 1


Rice husks conveyor

Rice husks loading machine


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Industrial boiler 2


Plant view


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Small industrial boiler converted to

wood



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INDUSTRIAL BOILERS INVENTORY

NUMBER OF INDUSTRIAL

BOILERS IN THE ESEA

REGIONCAMBODIA 430

INDONESIA 3500

LAO PDR (1) 150

MONGOLIA 81

PHILIPPINES 6000THAILAND 6660

TOTAL 16821


150


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POWER BOILERS SELECTION CRITERIA

1. PILOT BOILER REPRESENTATIVE OF BOILER POPULATION

2. BOILER REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MOST RELEVANT INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

3. AGED BOILERS- MORE THAN 20 YEARS- to be preferred forreplacement . Old oil boiler replaced with a biomass fluidized bedboiler)

4. ALMOST NEW BOILERS LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD: to be preferred forretrofit (additional equipment,operation and maintenanceimprovement)

1. TYPE OF OPERATION: DAILY TURN ON AND SHUT DOWN

2. FUEL: BIOMASS OR COAL ACCORDING TO THE AVAILABILITY IN THECOUNTRY COAL



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NEW WOOD BOILERS THERMAL

EFFICIENCY


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Industrial boiler BAT/BEP

Addition of filters before the stack

Addition of economizers/air heater to improvethe plant efficiency

Excess air control to avoid energy losses at thestack

Reduce temperature at the stack

Replacement/improvement of combustionsystem (burners) to improve combustionefficiency



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Industrial boiler BAT/BEP

Improve water treatment system to avoid

scaling and reduce blowdown

Recover condensate

Optimize steam consumptions of the process

( pressure, temperatures, steam traps, vents)

Replacement/improvement of I&C system

(instrumentation and control



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Replacement of an old wood boiler

with a new wood boiler


CAMBODIA INDUSTRIAL BOILERS


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CAMBODIA INDUSTRIAL BOILERSTOTAL DIOXINS REDUCTION BY REPLACING

BOILERS IN GARMENT INDUSTRY

(ref: boiler inventory- Cambodia)



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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

dioxins and co2 reduction on power and heat sector

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