DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECHCHARACTERISTICS:

It is original quotation of a talk It is always placed between two quotation

marks It is always preceded by Capital letter

Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct speech when the introductory verb position is in the front

Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when the introductory verb position is placed after or between the direct speech

The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!), question mark (?) that point type of sentence of direct speech do not change

Eg. - ‘Where do you live?’ she asked - My mother says to my sister: ‘Wash your

hands!’- She yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door

open!’

INDIRECT SPEECH It is a kind of report sentence

(reported speech) It retells one’s talk or idea It undergoes certain modification

It has three types of indirect speech 1. Imperative (Command/request)2. Declarative (Statement)3. Interrogative (question

1. Imperative (Command/request)

– The reported is a command – Because of a command so that it

does not know subject – The verb in direct imperative does

not change

- Imperative has contain verb 1 like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to go, to sleep, to open

It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by ‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ like: be quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to be here

POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:INDIRECT SPEECH She told me to go away

She ordered her to go away

She asked him to come thereShe commended them to come there

I begged us to be quiteI suggested the children to be quite

She ordered the children to be quiet

She warned to be happy

She asked him to help her

oooooooooooooooooooo

DIRECT SPEECH

She said, “Go away!” “Come here!” she said. I said, “Be quite!” ‘Be quiet!’ she yelled at the children She begged, “Be happy!” ‘Please help me!’ she told him ooooooooooooooooooo

NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:INDIRECT SPEECH She told me not to go awayShe ordered her not to go awayShe asked him not to come thereShe commended them not to come there

I begged us not to be noisyI suggested the children not to be noisy

She warned us not to be lazy

She advised Laila not to be lazyShe told him not to worry about itoooooooooooooooooooo

DIRECT SPEECH

She said, “Don’t go away!”“Don’t Come here!” she saidI said, “Don’t Be noisy!”She begged, “Don’t be lazy!”‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said to Laila‘Don’t worry about it!’ She said to himooooooooooooooooooo

Declarative (Statement) A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHI He/SheYou me/he/she/them/I/him/herMy his/herOur their/ourYour My/his/her

Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH now then today that day tomorrow the next day

the day afterthe following daya day later

next the … after the following …

Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH last … the … before

the previous …the preceding …

… ago … before … earlier yesterday the day before

the previous daythe preceeding day

the day before yesterday two days before here there this that these those

Declarative (Statement)

C. Tenses

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Present Simple Past Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect

Continuous

Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Future Simple Past Future Future Continuous Past Future Continuous Future Perfect Past Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect

Continuous

Declarative (Statement)

C. Tenses

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect

Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 2 Had + Verb 3 Is was Am was Are were Have had Has had Do did Does did Was/were had been Did had + verb 3

Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT

SPEECH Can could May might Must had to Shall should Will would

Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 / been

Could + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / been

Might+ verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / been Should + verb 1 should + have + verb3 /

been Would + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 /

been

Examples:DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he would go then

Rani: ‘They love me.’ Rani told me they loved her

‘I’ve been writing’, Dina Dina answered that she answered had been writing

Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that she had been

sick the day before

3. Interrogative (question)

a. Preceded by Auxiliary When the question is preceded by auxiliary that

needs yes/No answer it will be used the conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech

The steps how to make indirect speech:– The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly

changed to be statement– It then follows the rules before

Example

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHDoctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’

It is firstly changed to be: You usually take a nap Doctor asks

if/whether I usually

take a nap

Example

DIRECT SPEECHMary: ‘Are you a student?’–It is firstly changed to be: You are a student

INDIRECT SPEECH–Ratu asked if/whether I was a

student

Example

DIRECT SPEECHJohn: ‘May I borrow your car?’

Preceded by Question Word (QW)– It is firstly changed to be: I may borrow your car

INDIRECT SPEECH– John asked if he might borrow my– John asked whether he might borrow

my

a. Preceded by Question Words

In the question using Question Word (QW)–To form indirect speech the question

is firstly changed to be statement–QW: what, when, where, which, why,

who, whom, etc. are used as conjunction

Example

DIRECT SPEECH – Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’

- It is firstly changed to be:You spell your name

INDIRECT SPEECH Andi asked how I spelt my name

ExampleDIRECT SPEECH – Sophia: Where can you keep your money

safely?’It is firstly changed to be:You can keep your money safely

INDIRECT SPEECH - Sophia asked me where I could keep my

money safely.

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