Unit 1 FriendshipUnit 1 Friendship

GrammarDirect speech & Indirect

speech

GrammarDirect speech & Indirect

speech

1. Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.

1. ______________ not inside a building2. _________ feeling disturbed3. _____________________to be worried about4. ____________free, not tied up5. _______________ to experience something6. __________ to take no notice of 7. _____________ staying close to and looking at somebody8. __________ to become quiet after nervous activity9. _______________ piece of material hung to cover a

window10. ____________ number of things that happen one after

another

outdoors

go throughloose

upset

ignoreface to face

be concerned about

calm downcurtain

series

2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4:

Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______ that the family had to move. However, she knew that she had to _________all the difficulties with her family. She found it difficult to settle and ___________ in the hiding place, because she was _________ whether they would be discovered. She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. What she really missed was going _______ walking the dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to watch it run ___ ___in the park. She wished she could tell her neighbour_________ that she was sorry not to be able to do it any longer, but she knew that was too dangerous.

upset

go through

outdoors

hide away

looselyface to face

concerned about

3. Answer keys for Ex.3 on page 4:1. When the man saw the car accident on the

highway, he stopped to offer help.

2. “How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it’s so dirty and dusty ? It will only make her worse.” said the doctor.

3. After Peter died, George set down the story of their friendship in a book.

4. When the street lights go on at dusk , they make a beautiful picture , so different from the daytime.

5. Good friends do not concern about what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.

6. Although Tim and Mike come from entirely different backgrounds, they became close friends.

7. Please draw the curtain ; the sunlight is too bright.

8. “Sorry, I didn’t break the plate on purpose .”

“ It’s OK. Don’t worry about it.”

Direct and Direct and Indirect SpeechIndirect Speech

Discovering useful structures

Discovering useful structures

Listen to Anne’s story. The teacher will repeat each sentence after her. Pay attention to how your teacher retells what Anne said. Notice the difference between Anne’s story and your teacher’s retelling of it.

I Warming Up

Pay attention to

how your teacher

retells what Anne

said!S: My name is Anne Frank and my

family is Jewish.

T: She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

___________ _________

Warming Up

Pay attention to

how your teacher

retells what Anne

said!S: My family and I are hiding in

Amsterdam.

T: She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

_______ __________

Warming Up

Pay attention to

how your teacher

retells what Anne

said!S: My only true friend is Kitty — my

diary.

T: She said that her only true friend was Kitty — her diary.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

______________ ___

Warming Up

Pay attention to

how your teacher

retells what Anne

said!S: After hiding here for a long time, I’ve

become crazy about nature.

T: She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

_______ ___________

Warming Up

1. Look at the sentences in Exercise 1 of your Student’s Book on page 5. Work in pairs and identify the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in the sentences.

Differences: Verb tenses Pronoun forms

Word order Adverbials of

time /places

II Grammar Study

2.Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1)

1. 转述他人的陈述→陈述句

→ She asked me what I was doing.

1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing.”

→ He said that he was going to Beijing.

2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”

→ He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.

3) She said , “What are you doing?”

2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句

直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

• He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” • He said to us that he had been to the

Great Wall. • He said, “I'll give you an examination

next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an

examination the next Monday.

•陈述句陈述句•用连词用连词 thatthat 引导，引导， thatthat 在口语中常省略。在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的 said, said, 也可也可用用 toldtold 来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说 said that, saisaid that, said to sb. that, told sb. thatd to sb. that, told sb. that ，不可直接说，不可直接说 toltold that d that

解题步骤 : 1. 陈述句 :“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like

computers.

said didn’tshe

Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

Sarah

一般疑问句

• He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”

• He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.

• He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”

• He asked whether I was interested in English.

•间接引语用连词间接引语用连词 whetherwhether 或或 ifif 引导，原引导，原主句中谓语动词主句中谓语动词 saidsaid 要改为要改为 asked(me/hiasked(me/him/usm/us 等等 )) ，语序是陈述句的语序 ，语序是陈述句的语序

2. 一般疑问句 :

Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?

( They asked him )

They asked him if

It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.

it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.

asked is was

They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

特殊疑问句

• He said to me “， What's your name?” • He asked me what my name was. • He asked us, “How many car factories

have been built in your country?” • He asked us how many car factories ha

d been built in our country.

•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用 ask(sb. )ask(sb. ) 来表达，语来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 序改为陈述句语序

3. 特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?

( They asked him )

They asked him When

you harvest the wheat

you harvest the wheat.

heheharvested

They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

选择疑问句

• He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”

• He asked me whether I spoke English or French.

• I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”

• I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

•用用 whetherwhether……oror…… 表达，而不用表达，而不用 ifif……oror…… ，，也不用也不用 eithereither……oror……

5. 注意地点的变化

在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化

2. 注意人称变化。

3. 注意指示代词的变化

4. 注意时间的变化

6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化

When you change a sentence from When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the sometimes need to change the verb verb tensetense.. You may also need to change You may also need to change pronounspronouns , , time time in order to keep the in order to keep the

same meaning.same meaning.

• Direct indirect • Present past• Past past and past perfect• Present perfect past perfect • Past perfect past perfect

Try to change direct speech into indirect speech :

He said that the earth goes around the sun.

He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.

He said that Rome isn’t built in a day.

Tom said he was born in July, 1978.

1.He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”

2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”

3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.”

4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”

5.She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”

She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

1. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。

2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时

3. 直接引语如果是客观真理，时态不变 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时5. 当直接引语中有情态动词 should, woul

d, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need 时

从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况 :

直接引语 间接引语指示代词

时

间

状

语

地点状语 方向性动词

this, that, these those

now, then, today that day

this week that week

yesterday the day before

last week the week before

four days ago four days before

the day before yesterday two days before

tomorrow the next day

next month the next month

here there

come, go,bring take

直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词shall should

should Should （不变）will would

would Would （不变）may might

might Might （不变）can could

could Could （不变）must Must/had to

Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech

or indirect speech:

1. Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home.

2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.

3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.

III Practice

4. Her father asked her why she chose/ had chosen her diary and old letters.

5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her.

6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.

7. “ When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father.

8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.

Practice

Practice

GM: What’s the weather like in…tomorrow? I can’t hear the man clearly on the TV.GS: That’s all right. I can help. The man said it was going to rain.GM: What did he say about Shanghai?GS: ….

Exercises:1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.”

2.He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.”

3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”

He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work.

He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May.

Tom said that he would see me the next week.

4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.

5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah.

6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.

7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.

The teacher asked me why I was late again.

Sarah said she didn’t like swimming.

His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”

My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.

1. Do WB P.42 Ex.1 2. Review the rules of the changes from direct speech into indirect speech.

IV Homework

1. Jack said to me, “You look worried

today.”

Jack told me that ___ worried ___.

A. he looks…today

B. you look…today

C. we looked…that day

D. I looked…that

day

Exercises(8m)Exercises(8m)

2. We said to her, “They’re walking

through the street now.”

We told her that ___ through the

street ___.

A. we were walking…then

B. you are

walking…now C .they

were walking…then

D. they walking…now

3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long

way this week.”

Mr Black said that __ a long way __.

A. I had walked…last week

B. he had walked…that week

C. I walked…last week

D. he has walked…this

week

4. The man thought, “I shall take it back

tomorrow.”

The man thought that __ take it back

____.

A. I shall…tomorrow

B. I shall…the next day

C. he should…tomorrow

D. he would …the next

day

5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to

leave this house ?”

They asked us ____ afraid to leave

_____ house.

A. that were we…this

B. that we were…that

C. if were we …this

D. if we were…

that

6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a

week ago?”

Jane asked ____ about _____.

A. that he heard…a week ago

B. what he had heard…the week

before C. what he had herd… a week

ago D. if he heard…the week

ago

7. She asked, “Whose house will he

break into next time ?”

She asked whose house ____ break

into _____.

A. will he…next time

B. would

he…the next time C.

he would…the next time

D. he will…next time

8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend

your holidays?”

Jack asked her where ____ holidays.

A. she spent her B. you spend your

C. she spend her D. you spent your

9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you

left here yet?”

Black asked me why ____ yet.

A. I hadn’t left there

B. I haven’t left here

C. hadn’t I left

there D.

haven’t I left here

10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun

rise in the east ?”

The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___

in the east.

A. if…rise

B. if…rises

C.

whether…rose

D. whether did …rise