• Direct object

• Indirect object

• Predicate nominative

• Appositive

• Noun of direct address

• Subject

• Object of the preposition

• receives the action of the verb

• noun or pronoun that follows the action verb

• underlined and coded with a circle around it and D.O. above it

EXAMPLE: The chair scraped the floor.

The chair is the subject, scraped is the action verb, and floor is the direct object.

Scraped what ? Answer: floor

D.O.

• tells to whom or for whom the action is done

• noun or pronoun that is between the action verb and the direct object (can’t have an indirect object without a direct object)

• underlined and coded with a box around it and I.O. above it

EXAMPLE: Susan gave Bob a gift.

Susan is the subject, gave is the action verb, gift is the direct object, and Bob is the indirect object.

Gave what (gift) to whom ? Answer: Bob

D.O.I.O.

• noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject

• underlined and coded with a P.N. above it

Examples: Mrs. Jones is the principal.

It was a forest.

His shoes are cleats.

P.N.

P.N.

P.N.

• word or phrase that identifies or renames the noun or pronoun that comes right before it

• underlined and coded with a circle around it and APP above it

Example:

Thomas Edison, an American inventor, is

responsible for many patents.

APP

• names the person or group being spoken to

• underlined and coded with NDA above it

Example:

Are you sure that is the right

answer, John?

NDA

• noun or pronoun that the sentence is about

• underlined and coded with S above it

Examples:

Joshua gathered his toys.

Green men will not invade Earth!

S

S

• noun or pronoun that follows the preposition

• underlined and coded with OP above it and close the parentheses after it

Example:

Ronald hobbled down the street

because he twisted his ankle getting

out of the car.

OP

OP

• Predicate adjective

• Infinitive

• Possessive noun/pronoun

• Clauses

• adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject

• coded like an adjective and with P.A. above it

Example:

His shoes are incredibly comfortable.

adj.

P.A.

• to plus a verb (to eat, to sleep) that can act as an adjective, adverb, or noun

• coded with parentheses around it and with its function as an adjective, adverb, or noun

Example:

Martians might use flying saucers

to invade Earth.

He wants to start right away. D.O.

adv.

• noun or pronoun that shows ownership of another noun or pronoun

• coded like an adjective

Examples:

Her cheeks were so red!

Is that Angela’s sweater?

adj.

adj.

• are dependent (cannot stand alone)

• can be noun, adjective, or adverb clauses

• when building sentences with clauses, each clause only needs

one card (n, adj, adv)

• usually begin with the following words:that, how, when, where, whether, why, what, whatever,

who, whom, whoever, whomever, which, whichever

• can serve as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative• coded with an underline under entire clause

Example:

The director determined who would design the set.

A love of theater is what motivates her.

• usually begin with a relative pronoun: who, whom, whose, that, which

• tell which one, what kind, or how many, and describe nouns or pronouns• coded with parentheses around it and like an adjective

Example:

The gear that a climber brings is important

to his success.

adj.

• usually begin with a subordinating conjunction:

if, because, before, than, as, even though, so that, while, where, when, as if, since• tell where, when, why, how, to what extent, and under what conditions• coded with parentheses around it and like an adverb

Example:

Because the trails were slippery, they were cautious.

adv.