Espaol III el primero de diciembre 2014

Madrid in the snow

Bienvenidos!

META

La leccin

Complementos Directos

Complementos directos

Me te lo la (le =speaking to a male in Spain and South America)

Nos os los las

Direct object pronouns

Position Law

I see Mary. Yo la veo.

Using the direct object pronouns in English

Direct object pronouns answer

Whom? Who or What?

We see her. La vemos.

She sees me. Ella me ve.

She sees us. Ella nos ve.

They know us. Ellos nos conocen.

We know them. Nosotros los conocemos.

Gramtica

Direct Object Pronouns: A

The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.

Bill hit the ball."Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."

Sherry reads the book."Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."

The direct object can also be a person.

Sherry hit Bill.(DO=Bill)

The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.

Bill hit the ball.Bill hit what?Bill hit the ball.

Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit whom?Sherry hit Bill.

Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun.

Example 1

Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife.

Example 2

Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.

When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:

me (me)te (you-familiar)lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)

nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)los, las (them, you-all-formal)

In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.

Tengo = I haveTengo la pluma. = I have the pen.La tengo. = I have it.

The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).

Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun.

Juan la tiene.

Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.

and

Mara la tiene.

Mara tiene = Mary hasMara tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.Mara la tiene. = Mary has it.

However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.

Juan lo tiene.

Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.

but

Juan la tiene.

Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.

Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used.

Juan lo tiene.

Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.

but

Mara los tiene.

Mara tiene = Mary hasMara tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.Mara los tiene. = Mary has them.

Look at how Spanish and English are different.

"Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it."

Differences:

1. "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la

2. "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have)

3. The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.

When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well:

John eats the soup.John = JuanJohn eats = Juan comeJohn eats the = Juan come laJohn eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.

Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well:

I eat the soup.I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat the = Yo como laI eat the soup = Yo como la sopa.

Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be:

I eat the soup.Como la sopa.

Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems:

I eat it. (the soup - la sopa)I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat it. = Yo como la.

This is completely incorrect!

The correct translation would be:

I eat it. (the soup)La como.

As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... don't do it! There is a better, easier way.

Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.

Actividad- para practicar

Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words:

la como

lo como

la leo Yo leo la revista.

lo leo Yo leo el libro.

la veo Yo veo la pelcula.

lo veo Veo el mono.

la tengo Tengo la manzana.

lo tengo Tengo el cepillo.

la compro Compro la blusa.

lo compro Compro el perro.

Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it.

la como

I eat it (feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.)

lo como

I eat it (masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)

la leo

I read it

lo leo

I read it

la veo

I see it

lo veo

I see it

la tengo

I have it

lo tengo

I have it

la compro

I buy it

lo compro

I buy it

In the previous examples, it is clear that the subject of the sentence is "I" because the verbs are all conjugated in the "yo" form. With other verb forms, it is often desirable to add a word to clarify the subject.

Juan la come. (la comida)

Juan eats it.

Mara lo tiene. (el libro)

Mara has it.

El chico la compra. (la pluma)

The boy buys it.

La chica lo ve. (el edificio)

The girl sees it.

Ustedes lo leen. (el peridico)

All of You read it.

Now, some examples of plural direct objects.

Juan come dos sndwiches.Los come. or Juan los come.

Mara tiene tres libros.Los tiene. or Mara los tiene.

El chico compra dos revistas.Las compra. or El chico las compra.

La chica ve dos coches.Los ve. or La chica los ve.

Ella compra dos televisores.Los compra. or Ella los compra.

Tenemos dos mesas.Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.

Now, some examples where the direct object is a person.

I know you.Te conozco.

She loves him.Ella lo ama. Ella lo quiere.

She loves me.Ella me ama.

Juan sees her.Juan la ve.

They call us.Ellos nos llama

We call them.Los llamamos.

De la pgina- 138 de Realidades 2

Realidades 2 Al Practicar

Actividades.....

1. Actividad 12 pgina 138

2. Actividad 13 pgina 139

3. Actividad 15 pgina 140

Captulo 3A Gramtica

El Pretrito

The Preterite tense is used to indicate a completed action in the past. something that was completed-finished in the past

Verbos regulares

-AR

-

-aste

-

-amos

-asteis

-aron

Verbos -er e -ir regulares

-

-iste

-i

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

______________________________________

Verbos irregulares

IRREGULAR CASES IN PRETRITO

Case I irregular below

DAR

Di

Diste

Dio

dimos

disteis

dieron

VER

Vi

Viste

Vio

Vimos

Visteis

Vieron

Case II irregular

Caer

Ca

Caste

Cay

Camos

Casteis

Cayeron.

OIR

O

Oste

Oy

Omos

Osteis

Oyeron

CREER

Cre

Creste

Crey

Cremos

Cresteis

Creyeron

LEER

Le

Leste

Ley

Lemos

Lesteis

leyeron

Case II also has-

All uir verbs

Construir

Influir.....

Construir

Constru

Construste

Construy

Construmos

Construsteis

Construyeron

Case III SER AND IR

Fui

Fuiste

Fue

Fuimos

Fuisteis

Fueron

Ser

Fu

Fuiste

Fu

Fuimos

Fuisteis

Fueron

JOTA group

Case IV

Jota group

All cir verbs take the J

Decir

Dije

Dijste

dijo

dijimos

dijisteis

dijeron

TRAER goes with the case IV verbs

Traje

Trajiste

Trajo

Trajimos

Trajisteis

Trajeron

Case V V group

ESTAR TENER ANDAR

Estar

ESTUVE

ESTUVISTE

ESTUVO

ESTUVIMOS

ESTUVISTEIS

ESTUVIERON

ANDAR

ANDUVE

ANDUVISTE

ANDUVO

ANDUVIMOS

ANDUVISTEIS

ANDUVIERON

TENER

TUVE

TUVISTE

TUVO

TUVIMOS

TUVISTEIS

TUVIERON

Case VI Los independientes

Poner

Puse

Pusiste

Puso

Pusimos

Pusisteis

Pusieron

Poder

Pude

Pudiste

Pudo

Pudimos

Pudisteis

Pudieron

Venir

Vine