director of the census · report ob the director of the census. 1 depart~zent of com~ierce, i....

I I

ANNUAL REPORT'

OR THE

DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS

TO THE

SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

FQR THE

FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1916

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

l a l o

1916 C O N T E N T S .

Page . ........................................... ................. Introduction .. 6

Ourrent and completed work on statutory inquiries ........................... 5 Census of manufactures: 1914 .......................................... 6 ......................................................... Vital statistics 7

Mortality statistics ................................................. 7 .................................................... Birth statistics 7 International list of causes of death ................................. 8 ............................................ financial statistics of cities 8 ............................................... General statistics of cities 9 ............................................ Cotton and tobacco statistics 9 Cotton and cottonseed ............................................. 9 Stocks of leaf tobacco held by manufacturers and dealers ............ 10 Creation of new division; quarterly tobacco reports .................. 10 .......................................... Negroes in the United St.ates. 10 ................................................ The blind and the deaf 11 .................................... Prisoners and juvenile delinquents.. 11 ................................................ Estimates of population 11 ..................................... Special and miscellaneous lines of work 12 ......................................................... Vital statistics 12 ............................................ United States life tables 12 ............................................... Mono rapll on cancer 12 .................................... The Adera1 registration service 13 ............................................ Financial statistics of States 13

Financial statistics for cities under council and commission government ... 13 .................................... Supplementary occupation statistics 13 ......................................... Special censuses of population 14 .......................... Report of the United States Geographic Board 14 Pamphlets giving information relat~ng to the work of the Bureau .......... 14

............................... Statistical Directory of State Institutions 15 .................................................... The Census exllibit 15 .................................. Assistance rendered other departments 1 5 ....................................................... Publications iseued 16 ....................................................... Plans for future .worlc 17 ................................................ Transport. ation by water 17 ...................................................... Rel ipus bodies 18 .................................................. Marriage and divorce 18

Monog.raph on tuberculosis ............................................. 1.9 ................................................... Electrical industries 19 ....................................................... Porest produck 19 .......................... ................... Executive civil service ... 19 ............................................ Census of city distribution 20 .......................................................... Machine shop 20 .............................. Development of integrating 1.abulator 21 Office a~commodations furniture, and storage spaca ...................... 21 ............................................ office accommodaiions 21 ......................................................... Furniture 22 ..................................................... Storage space 22 ............................................................... Oilice force 22 ............................... Method of distributing the Bureau's statistics 26 Reports and bulletins- ................................................ 26 ................................ Information furnished by correspondence 27 ......................................................... &?$elation needed 27 Marriage and divorce .................................................. 27 Pol.estproducts ....................................................... 28 ............................................ Financial statistics of states 28 ................................... @ Oilicial Register of tho United States 28 ...................................................... Express business 29 .......................................... Special statistical compiIations 20 .................................... Intermediate census of manufactures 30 ............................................ Appropriations and expenditures 30 Financial statement;, fiscal year 1916 ................................... 30

........................................ Appropriations, fiscal year 1917 31 3

R E P O R T OB THE

DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS.

1 DEPART~ZENT OF COM~IERCE, I. BUREAU or TIIE CENSUS, t Waslbington, OctoZler a, 1016. I SIR: There is s~ibmitted herewith the following report upon tho

erntions of the Bureau of the Census during the fiscal year ended une 30,1916, and upon the work now in progress.

INTRODUCTION.

During the fiscal year the Bureau of the Cens~xs compilecl and published a considerable part of the prinlary or fundamental statistics based on its latest canvass of lnanufacturing inclustries and cnr- ried on the compilation of more detailed statistics for later pillolica- fions; conducted its regular ann~inl inquiries relating to mortality, to municipalities, and to cotton and cottonseed; prepared and pnb- lislled the Official Register of tlie Unitecl States; completecl the preparation of a report on the blind and brought well toward completion one on the clenf; made semiannual collections of stxtistics relatinpn to stocks of leaf tobacco; prepared and published s pam- phlet giving comparati~re financial statistics for cities operating under the council and commission forms of government; issuecl a set of tables showing expectation of life for various classes WE the population; carried on the compilation of a monograph giving cletailed statistics relative to deaths from cancer; prepared estimates of opn- lation for States and municipalities; took special censuses oPfour cities and towns; and compliecl with many requests for information contained in its records.

Since the close of the fiscal year the Bureau has completed the compilation and publication of the primary statistics of manufactures :incl has been engaged in the preparation of the analytical tables ttncl test for the final reports on that subject, in the conduct of the usual nn~lual inquiries, ancl in preparatory wo~.lr on the fo r t l~com~ng cen- ptscs of religions bodies, transl3ortation by water, ancl electrical mdustries.

CURRENT AND COMPLETED WORK ON STATUTORY INQUmmS.

4 CENSU8 OF MANUFACTURES : 18 14.

The canvass lor this census was con~pletefrl early i n tlie fiscal* year, reports being secnred from all manufactur~ng establ~sl~ments m the United States which were in operation a t any time withrn the calen-

5

6 bats EEPOBT OB TEE DTBECTOR OF THE CENSUS.

dar year 1914, and, dnring that period made products at t h e rate of 8 0 0 worth per annum. It has been the encleauor of the Bureau to complete this canvass and to publish the results a t earlier dates, relatively to the period covered, than the corresponding ones for any preceding similar census. To acco.mplish this, many changes and improvements were macle in the methods employed, and I an1 pleased to report that not only was tlie canvass brought to conipletion Illore expeditiously than at preceding censuses, but the results were published more promptly. than heretofore. Tlie work was so arranged as to pel:mit the publication of the " genern.1 tables "-thqt is, those giving the principal statistics relating to all. mnnufacturlng industries combi~ied-for individual States ancl cities as soon as they col~ld be compiled.

The first of these general tables, with text cliscussion, was published in June, 1915, in the form of a preliminary statement or press sunimary; and since July 1, 1915, there h a ~ e been issued 751 sinlilar preliminary statements, of which 1 relatecl to all manufactnring industries combined, for the United States as a whole; 48 to all manufacturing industries combined, for indiviclual States; 652 to all manufacturing indnstries combined, for individual cities of 10,000 inhnbitnnts or more; arid 50 to power laundries, for individual States, the District of Columbia, and the United States as a whole. I n addition, 63 press summaries, each givjng the principal statistics for n single important industry and covering the United States as a whole, were published, the last of which was sent to the printer on August 15, 1916.

The aggregate number of these summaries (including the one issued in June, 1915) is thus 815. The statistics relating to all manufacturing industries combined, for the entire United States, were sent to the printer on July 24, 1916-an earlier date, relatively to the period covered by tlie inquiry, than that at which the comparable figures for any preceding similar census hnd gone to press, nnd fully two months earlier than tlle corresponding date i n the case of the last preceding ceqsus, that of 1909. Tlie res~llts of this census shorn that, notwithstanding the abnormal conclitions existing i n the latter p u t of 1914, the industrial activities of the coniitr;y during that year vere materially greater than in 1909.

The primary or fundamental figures having thus been publishecl, the clerical force of tlie Bureau has been concentrated, so fa r as possible, upon the preparation of the analytical tables and tes t for the final reports. It is the intention to p~xblisl~ an nbstract in rr. convenient-sizecl octavo volume of about 500 pages which will p~esent all the essential statistical facts collected at tlie census. This will be in'some respects, n new departure in census work, and i t is my be- lief that it myill be a very popular publication. It will cliffer from the octavo abstracts of the decennial censuses of .I890 and 1900 in that it will, cont t~~n analytical tables, comparative figures for earlier years, and text cliscnssion; it will clifler from the abstract of the Tl1irteenth (1910) Decennial Census in that i t will present the stntistics in considerably greater clet~til and a t the same tillie mill be of octavo instead of quarto size and therefore much more convenient fpr hanclling; and it will differ from all former abstracts in that it mill pertain to manufactures alone. Since the abstract will supply the meds of the great majority of those using the statistics of mnnu-

' HsJeW REPORT OF %'HZ DUtEBTOR OF THE CENSUS. 7

factures, it will be the first volume issued. T h e final reports will be published first in the form of a series of State bulletins, each presenting detailed statistics for a State and its cities; a series of bulletins or monographs, each gi-ving detailed statistics for a single important industry and covering the United States a s a whole; and a bulletin presenting statistics for al l industries combined and for important industries separately, for the United States as a whole; and these bulletins will later be bound together i n the form of three or four quarto volumes of about 1,000 pages each.

(See recommendation for legislation authorizing an intermediate census of manufactures, under " Legislation needed.")

VITAI; STATISTICS.

Mortality statistics.-The compiltttion of the annual report, Mortal- ity Statistics, 1914, was conlpletecl during the fiscal year, the last of the copy being sent to the printer on April 8, 1916. I n this report there were incllxded for the first t ime statistics for the State of Kansas, which had been adclecl t o the death-registration area for 1914.

The work on the report, Mortality Statistics, 1915, is progressing satisfactorily, ancl the copy will probably be i n the hands of the printer by December 1, 1916. A preliminary statement, ixi the form of c~ press summary, giving the number of deaths and denth rate for each registration State and each city having a population 01 inore than 100,000 in 1910, has already been issued. This was sent to the printer on August 29, 1916-about three months earlier, relatively, than the corresponding summary for 1914.

The mortality statistics issued by the Census Bureau are, from year to year, bein brought to a higher standard of usefilness. The registration of feathiewhich, under the Constitution of the United States, is necessarily a function of the State and municipal authori- ties-is constantly becoming more nearly complete ; and the registration area has been extended until i t n o v contains a b w t 70 per cent of the total population of the country. Separste stat~stjcs are shown for the white and colored races for t ha t part of the registration aren which lies in the South, and for all States, counties, and municipalities elsewhere in the area, in which the colored population forms 5 per cent of the total or numbers 10,000 or more; al~cl data for deaths of nonresidents are shown separately, so fa r as it is possible to do so, thus avoiding the injustice that has heretolore been s~~ffered by certain cities f u r which high cleath rates, due in considerable part- to deaths of nonresidents, have been shown. This is a matter of especlal importance to cities having unusual l~ hea l t l i f~~l climates, by reason of which constmplives and other invallcls are attracted thither, and also to cities as compared with rnral locnlities, since an appreciable pe?- centage of tlie cleaths in city hospitals are of persons resident ~n near-by small towns and rural territory.

Birth stntist.ics.-Toward the close of tho calendar year 1915 the Bureau established a birth-registration area comprisin the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, %bode Island, Connecticut, New Yorlr, Pennsylvania, Michignn, and Minnesota, ancl the District of Columbia. This area, although i t represents barely 10 per cent of the territorial extent of continental United States, has an estimated population of about 32,000,000, or more than 31 per cent of the total for the country.

8 * HlPORT OP TECE DIRECTOR OP THE CENSUS.

The collection of birth statistics, as well as those of deaths, was authorized by the pernlanent census a.ct,. approved March 6, 1902. This act, however, l~rovidecl that the statlstlcs s l~ould be obtninecl o n l y from the registration records of such States as in the jud.gment of t h o Director of the Census possessed~recorcls airording sntlsfactory data In the necessary detail. Ever silrce the passage of the pe rn lnnen t census act the Bureau h ~ s made annual collections of mor t a l i t y s ta - 1 tistics from a steadily increasing area which now contains about 70 per cent of the total population of the United Slates; bu t until re - cently very few of the States have maintained reliable bir th-registration systems. A begmning has now been made, however, a n d t h e statistics will relate to an area having a population of w c l ~ size and heterogeneity as .lo rencler thern of great value and significance. Tl io data now being gathered are being compiled so as t o show b i r t h s and birth rates for the population as a whole and for the w h i t e ancl colored races. Separate figures will also be given for urban and r u r a l localities.

The worlr on the report for 1915 is progressing i n a s:rtis- factory manner, and the copy will be serlt to the p r in t e r abou t December 1, 1916.

I.nternatio?mZ List of C'auses of Death.-A second edition o f the Manual of the International List of Causes of Death was pr in ted . Except for the appendix, which was rearranged alphabeticnIIy because of many changes, the original plates were used.

The third edition of the Physicians' Poclret Reference t o the International List of Causes of Death was lsublished and a copy was mailed to every physician in the United States.

Transcripts of birth and death certificates for 1916 a r e being received and edited, and the vital-statistics work of the Bureau is

I , now well up to date. I f / / j'i . /i FINANCIAL STATISTICS OW Cl1'JXS. tl (1 The tcnilual report presenting financial statistics f o ~ cities of snore

i than 30,000 population, relatmg, in the case of each city, t o its latest fiscal year terminatecl p n o r to Ju ly 1, 1915, mas completed and sent to the printer in January, 1916, lcss than seven months after the close 01 the period covered. This report, which fills 338 pages, gives detailed statistics relating to (1) total and per capita receipts from revenues and from the principal classes thereof; (2) total and per capita payments for current espenses, for interest, and for outlays for permanent improvements, and for each of tlze principal classes of expenses and outlays; (3) total \rallnc of

3 mnnicipal pro xrtiee; (4) total and per capita municipal indebt- edness; and (53 total and er capita assessed valuation of property subject to taxation. I n aiclition, a number of pages are devoted to accounting terminology tls used in the collection of the statistics. T h e Bureau's clxssificntion of municipal financial statistics has received the endorsement of the leading civic organizations of the a country, and is no~v follo-wecl to n greater or lcss extent by nlany of the cities ha~ring more than 30.000 inhabitants.

An abstract oontaining the p r i n c i l d tables in this report has been ( prepareil n~lcl will be usecl to nlcet the constantly gro~ving demands 1

REPORT OP THI DIRECTOR O F W E CENXUS. 0 CG-J

9

made upon the Bureau by persons 7.~110 desire i ts primary or ftznda- lnental statistics in relation to municipal finance but do not care for the more detailed information given i n the full report.

The field worlr on the current inyest ipt ion pertaining to municipd finance, which covers the 213 Amcrlcan cities estimntcd to 11:tve more than 30,000 inhabitants on the ~nedial clates ol! their fiscal years, and relates, in the case of each city, to its latest fiscal periorl terminated prior to July 1, 191G, v7as begun early in tlie present calendar year and is being rapidly brought toward colnlsletion I t is the intention to have the resnlts of thls inquiry in the hw~ds of the printer in November of this year, or less than five months after the closr of the period covered.

GENERAL BTA'Y1T1STlCS OP C'ITIES.

The report on this inquiry, which also refcrred, in the case of each municipality, to its Itliest fiscal period ended prior to Jnly 1, 1035, related to the subjects of go~rernmentnl organization, police depnrt- ments, watcr-supply systems, and liquor llcenses and taxes. It wns completed and sent, to the printer in November, 1015, live months after the close of tllc period covered. T h e demnnd for this report htls been so great as to necessitate a reprint.

The 1916 report on general stntistics of cities mill present detailed data in reference to recreation facilities, such as park areas and bruld- ings, orgranization of pnrlr administration, playgrouncls and athletics, baths and bathing beaches, zoological park$ tlnd collections, rnusio and entertainment proviclecl by the city, a r t galleries, museums, etc. Practically all the data for these subjects have already been collected, and their coinpilntion is well under may. The report will probably go to the printer in October, 1916.

COTTON AND TOBACCO ST-4TISl'ICS.

C'oZton and cotto?ueecl.-Ten reports giving statistics as to quanli- ties of cotton ginned to fixed dates and four presenting data a s to cottonseed crushed and linters obtained were publisliecl, ln the form of postal cards, at the usual intervals durin,g the ginning season of 1915-16; and monthly reports on consumption, stocks, and imports and ox~or t s of cotton, and number of active cotton spindles, also in the 1 orm oP postal cards, were issued. In addition, an annual bul- Ietin covering tlie year ended July 31, 1915, was prepared and published, in ~vhich was presented, in amplified form, with test discussion, the statistical material cortained i n the postal-card reports for that, year, together with other inforlnation not given in those reports.

For some time past there has been a great demand for authoritative statistics as to the cyuantity of cotton fiber consizmed in the mamlfac- ture of explosives, which culininated i n the passage of the act approvecl August 7, 1916, authorizing the Director of the Census to collect and publish, at cluartel-ly intervals, statistics of raw and prepared cotton and linters, cotton waste, and hull fiber consumed m the manufacture 01 guncotton and explosives of all kinds and of absorbent nncl medicated cotton. The first publication of these statistics mill cover the calendar year 1915.

64133-16-2

10 " - - REPORT OB T E E DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS.

There also has been a demand for inore frequent and more d e t a i l e d statistics in relation to cottonseed and its products. Heretofore, although there has been no dehit lve provision of law au thor iz ing the collection of such statistics, they have been gathered on the t h e o r y that cottonseed and linters properly formed a part of the cotton c rop , but the Bureau has not felt justified in publishing thein i n any g r e a t detail nor so frequently as they .?ere desired by cotton growers a n d by those interested in the industries uslng materlal derived from cot-

Q tonseed and its products. Legislation authorizing an exte~lsion of the Bureau's work along this line was recommended in the last annual reports of the Secretary of Commerce and the Director of the Census ; and such legislation is incl~~cled m the act of August 7,1916 (referred to in the foregoing paragraph), . w!lich provides for the collection and publication month1 of statistics concerning the quantities of cottonseed received at oi i' mills, of seed crushed in such mills, a n d of crude cottonseed products and rcfined oil produced; the qilantities of these products shipped out of the mills and the qnantities of these products and of cottonseed on hand; and the quantities of crude a n d refined cottonseed oil held by refiners, by manufacturers of conlpound lard, butterine, oleomargarine, and soap, and by brokers, espmters , and warehousemen. Arrangements have been made to carry i n t o effect these provisions of the law, and it is believed that the statistics to be published during the coming year will be of great value t o a l l interests concerned in the production, merchandising, or manufacture of cotton and its various products.

fitoclcs of leaf tobacco held by mawfactztrers ccnd dea2ers.-Dur- ing the fiscal year the B ~ ~ r e a u issued, in the form of postal cards, its regular semiannual reports-the first relating to October 1,1915, and the second to April 1, 1916-giving statistics in regard to the quantities of leaf tobacco held by manufacturers and denlers. This work has been carried on in accorc2ance with the provisions of the act of April 30, 1912.

Creation of new dizriSion; quarterZ9 tobacco reports.-The 1eg.isla- tive, executive, and judicial appropriation act for the current fiscal year, approved May IQ, 191G, contains the follo~ving provisions :

For securing infornt:llion for censu.; rcporls, pisoviileil for by lttm, * * * quarterly reports of tobacco; * * * including $15,000 for collecting tobacco statistics authorized by law in addition to any otlier fund availrtble Illerefor : Provided, That herenfter tliere shall be in the ofIicial organization of the bureau a sepamte, distinct, ancl indepe11dei.t division called the Division of . Cotton and Tobacco Statistics : Provided fiwlher, That hereafter the Director of

I the Census may procure the inforlnation for the tobacco reports required by this Act and the Act approved April thirtieth, nilletcell hunclre(1 and twelve, b y mail or by special agents or by other employees of the Bureau of the Census.

Arrangements have been made for putting into effect the above- quoted provisions of law. The quarterly series of tobacco reports will begin with that for October 1,1916.

NEGROES XN THE UNITED STATES. I I n the reports of the Thirteenth Census, as in those of preceding (W

ones, the statistics relating to khe Negro population were scattered through a number of volumes in which the primary classifications were other than racial. After the publication of the reports ;sf that census R bulletin entitled "Negroes in the United States ,' mas pre-

ared, in which were brought together and assembled in :L systematic form all the principal statistics relating to the Negro mce. This bulletin, which was issued in April, 1915, has been a very popular publication, and already more than 15,000 copies have been distributed.

A report, in considerably greater detail, is now nearing completion, which will cover, among other things, such subjects as geogrnphical distribution of the Negro population; nativity; rate of increase; school attendance; illiteracy; occupations; marital conclition; death

' rates ; owxlership of homes ; Parin ownership, f arm tenure, size oJ farms operated? and v~ lue of the various classes of farm property religiolls organizations; and innlates of institutions for the depend. ent, defeclive, and delinquent classes.

TEII BLIND A N D TIIE DEAF.

At the Thirteenth Census, as a t the preceding one, the enurnerntors were required to make an appropriate entry opposite the name of each person who mas blind or deaf and dumb. To persons thus re- ported special scl~edules mere afterwards mailed requesting data as to cause, degree, and duration of the defcct; existence of blindriess or deafness among relatives; education, occupation, etc. The sch~d- ules .vvhich were returned furnish data for significant and interesting tabulations. Bulletins presenting the fundamental figures derived fro111 these tabulations h a v ~ already been published, and the final reports are now in the hands of the printer.

PItPIIISONERS AND JUMNILE DELINQUENTS.

The last census of prisoners was take? a t the same time as the Thirteenth Decennial Census, but mas entlrely separate and distinct from it. This inquiry covered (1) sentenced prisoners in penal institutions on January 1, 1910, and (2) those coinmitte~l to such institutions during the year 1910. A bulletin (121) giving in detail the statistics relatina to the prisoners enumerated on Jan!lary 1, together with the n u m ? ~ ~ committed during the year, clnss~hecl by race and nativity, has already been published. The details relating to prisoners committecl hayo since been tabulated, and the final report, presenting an analysis ancl discussion of all the statistics, n~it11 ratios and percentages, is nearly colnpleted and n~i l l soon be rexcly for public a t' loll.

EST'.IAIA!L7GB O F POPULATION.

The preparation of a bulletin presenting midyear estimates of >lie population of States ancl cities for the years 1810 to 1916, inclusive, was practically conlpiieted dwjng tl-rc fiscal gear, ancl the copy has since been sent to tlze printer. These "jntercensal" estimates of population, ~ ~ h i c h are bnsecl upon the returns of t11~ last census ancl the increase betmen tlze last tmo censuses-changes In area, if any, being also taken into consideration-are neeclerl as a bnsis for the calcula- tion of birtll and cleat11 rates and per capita fignres of v ~ r i o u s kinds; and in several States they are also used as bases for fixlng the com-

ck ion of county o1Iicials and f o r estak>lisl~ing the number of fens' iquor licenses to be granted.

SPECIAL AND MISCELLABEOUS LlNES OF WORK.

VITAL BTATTSTICB.

United Btates life fables.-One of the most importnnt of the special lines of work unclertalren by the Census Bureau w ~ s the prepara t ion of a series of "life tables," relating to the population of the six New Englancl States, New Yorlr, New Jersey, Indiana, Michigan, and t h e

6 District of Colmnbia. These States and District+-s01netirncs referred t o as the '(original registration States"-liad formed a p a r t of the death-registration area since and including the year 1900.

The Cellslses Bureau's life tables, whicli nre the first of their lrind ever compilecl by the TJnited States GOI-ernment, are similar to tllose prepared hy life insurance companies, but cliffer fro111 the l a t t e r i n that they relate to the entire population of tlie area covered instead of being limited to rislrs selected tlirougl~ medjcal exnmination and otherwise. One table gives data for all elemelits of the populntion combined, of both sexes; ailcl otller tables relntc Co whites, to Negroes, to native whites, and to foreign-born whites. Still other tables present separate figures for tlle States of Indiana, Massacliusetts, Michi- gan, New Yorlr, and Nev Jersey, mcl for tlm urban and ru ra l popu- lations of the entire area. I n all the tables except the first t he information i s given separately for inales and !or females. E a c h tnble shows, for each year of age, among other things, rate of mortality among persons at that age, rate of niortality nrnong persons nt t ha t nnil all higlier ages, and conlplete expectation of life. A special infant-mortality table appearing a t the head of each Innin table sho~vs rate of mortality, espectation of life, ancl other data f o r each month of age throngl~ont the first year of life.

The tables publishecl are basecl oil the population in 1910 nnd tlxe mortality in tllc three years 1909, 1910, and 1911. A sirnilar set of tnbles eshibiting mortality conclitions in 1890 and 1901 nncl dull-

$19 ing the decenniu~n 1901 to 1010, inclusive, mill bo preparecl and sent If: to the printer before the end of the current fiscal year. I n the report

jc presenting these tables will be given thc original data on mlzicli they are based, together with an explanation of the methods employed 1 jn computing them. The Bureau's tables are intendecl primarily -lo be of service as a

I 11 source of inlormation to the public; but they will be pnrticula~Zy 15 useful to scielltific men, matheinaticians, teachers, public-health offi.

cials, physicians, stuclents of vital statistics, sociologists, economists: 1 rlctu;~ries, sttktisticians, sani ta r ;~ engineers, and others interested ~ I I the conservation and bctterlnent of the public health. They w i l also be useful t o lavyers in connection wit11 the valuation of reversions,

11 nnnuitics, retirenleilt fisends, ancl nld-age pensions. Monograph 0.12 cnnce,q.-A monogr:lpl~ has been prepared and will 1 soon be l~ublished, in which v i l l be presented, in much greater clc-

tail than i n tl10 annual inortality reports issued by the Bureau, statistics in relation to deaths from cancer ancl other malignant tumors

i Ihrolxgl~ont the registration area i n the year 1914. The deaths will bo classifiecl under 7 general headmgs ancl 27 subclivisions, each indi- cating the particular organ or part of the body affected, wlierens in

k the annl~al lnortalitv reports onlv seven classes of cancer a re dis-

" - - - I

YPiBS REPORT OF TUE: U I R E C T O ~ ~ OP TUE CENSUS, 13

This work was undertaken at the request of the Amcrican Society for the Control of Cancer. Both this society and the A~nericnn Pub- lic Health Association are especially interested in tlie nionograpll and have been actire in cooperating wit11 the Census Bureau in its co~npil a t' lon.

The Fecle~*aZ ?*cgist?'ation s~vics.-iI paper entitled '' The Federal registration service of the United States : I ts development, problems, and defects," prepnrecl at the request of the Director of the Census by Cressy L. Wilbur, M. D., formerly chief statistician for vital statistics, Bureau of tllc Census, ancl now director of vital statistics, New York State Department of I-Iealtlz, for prescntatioii at tlie last annual meeting 01 the American Statistict~l Association, held in JVashington in December, 1915, ~ v a s published by the B ~ u e a ~ z of the Ceiisns. The statistical appendixes for this paper n7ere prepared by the Burettu.

FINANCIAL STATISTICS O P STATES.

II i*cport on this subject, siinilar in scope to the E~~reau ' s annual reports giving financial statistics of cities (see section on financial statistics of cities, under '' Current ancl completed work on statutory inquiries "), TVRS prepared ancl publislled by order of the Secretar;y of Commerce. This report, which relates, in the cxse oP each State, to its latest fiscal year ended prior to July 1, 1915, is the first ever cornpiled in mhich the statistics pertainins to revenues, expenclitures, indcbteclness, :~ssessetl valuation, nnd State properties have been given in so greal; detail. I t has aroused n~ucli interest ainong State oficials, ~vho have cooperatecl actively wit11 the B11ren11 in its preps- nration and who are clesirous that the investigt~tion be inacle an annual one. (Sec reconzrnendation relating to fillancia1 statistics of States, under " Legislation needed.")

FINANCIAL STATIS'I'ZCS FOR CITIZS UNDEIt COUNCIL AND CO3TNISSION GOTDItN31ENT.

A painphlet giving comparative financial statistics, reduced to a per capita basis, for (1) eight cities operating under the mayor and council form of government during the fiscal gears 1913 and 1915, (2) eight cities operating under the commission form $ir ing both years, and (3) eight clties having the mayor and councrl form during 1913 nnd tlie comnlission forin cluring 1915, was prepared early in the calendar year and issued March 13,1916.

SIJPPLE3IENT1LRY OCGUPATION STATISTICS.

The Thirteenth Census report on occupations shows, for the United States as a whole, for each State ancl Territory, and for each principal city, the n~nnbers of nlales and females 10 years of nge and over engaged in each specified occupation, and, for the most part, their distribution according to broad age groups and accordmg t@ color or race, nativity, and parentage. At the tiilie this report wns in course of preparation, and for some time after it was published, the pressure of other work, and part ic~~larly that on the 1914 census

14 8 " ' V ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ OF THE DIRECTOE 03' TEE CENSUS.

of manufactures, mas such as to render it impossible for the Bureau to make further analytical stndies of the occupation data. The subjects of (1) occulsntioils of women, (2) occupations of children, (3) occupations of the foreign born, and (4) unemployment are, however, of such importance, both as bnses for legislation and as mmttcrs of general information, that the Bureau later (in October, 1015) 4 began the preparation of a set of bulletins on these subjects, based on the Thirteentlz Census data. The compilation is being c a r r i e d on as rapidly as the condition of the worlr on the currcilt Inquir ies \\rill permit. The first bulletin to be issued will relate to occupations of children and mill sl~ow sex, color or race, nativity, and parentage of child workers in conjunction wit11 single years of age.

SPECIAL CENSUS19 O F POPULATION.

During the fiscal year the Bureau toolr special poplxlation censuses of Highlancl I'arlt, Mich., St. Clair IIeigllts, Mich., Hastings, Nebr., and E l Paso, Tex. Each of these censuses v a s talren a t the recluest of the municipality, the actual worlr of enumeration being clone by local employees under the supervision of a representative of t h e Census Bureau. The expense of the enumeration, except the salaries of the supervisor and his assistant (also an employee of the C e n s ~ ~ s 1311reau), was borne by the municipality. The Bureau is in receipt of a niimber of other requests for similar "intercensal" cou~lks of population.

t REPORT O F Z'EIE UNITED STATES GEOGlUPIIIC BOARD.

Tlle Fourtll R e p o ~ t of the United States Geograpl~ic Board, of mrhich the geogmpl~er of the Census Bureau is secretary, was compiled during the gear. This report contnined about 12,000 names.

PA3fPRLETS GIVING INFORMATION RELATING TO TI-IE WORK OF TIZE BUREAU.

Under the titles, '' Information concerning Federal estimates of population and Federal supervision of local censuses" and "Ten- tative program of the Bureau of the Census: 1916-1919," respec- ti~rely, tlie Bureau issued, during the fiscal year, two pamphlets giving information of the cllarncter indicated by their titles.

I n all, the Bureau has pubjished six such pamphlets since the beginninc of the fiscal year 1913-1914, of which the first four were erltitled, Circular of inl'ormation concerning tentative progrnm of Ihe Bureau of the Census : 1914-1916," " Circular of inforination concerning Census publications : 1790-1914," " Circular of information concerning the ~vork of the permanent Census Bureau: 1902- 1913," and "The story of the Census: 1790-1915," respectively. Tho Circular of Information Concerning Census Puhlica~ions. presents descriptive ancl chronological lists of all the publicat~ons lssned by the Boreau. The Story of tho Census gives a brief historical siretch @ of the inception and growth of the census work from 1790 until the present time, together wit11 an outline of the statistical field now covered. Both these pamphlets have recently been revised and brougllt down to date.

- - - REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR OB THE CENSUS.

STATISTICAL DIRECTORY O F STATE INSTITUTION8.

The Bureau is colnpiling a statistical directory of State institutions for the care and custody of the dependent, defective, and delinquent classes. This directory will show for each institution the number of inmates; cost of maintenance; nuinber of offici~ls, assistants, or em- employees; acreage of grounds or land; and other data, all of which have been supplied by the officials of the institutions and will be published with their knowledge and consent. It svill show the cost of maintenance per inmate and the total cost of maintaining such institutions in each State co~llputed as a per capita of the total population of the State and also as a ratio of the total wealth of the St:~te.

TI= CENSUS EXIIIBm.

The Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, Cal. in 1915, awarded the Census Bureau the Grand Prize and Gold ~ e d a i "For an exhibit of nletliods and machines employed in the collection and tabulation of statistics," and also a Diploma of Honorable Men- tion "For the il1ust;trntions contained in the Census report" (the maps, cartograms, charts, and dingralns in tlie Statistical Atlas).

At Ihc close of the exposition the exhibit mas returned to the Bu- reau nncl has been made a permanent one. A number of new c h ~ r t s and 1n:1ps have recently been adcled, and the exhibit now comprises an automatic tabulating machine, a sorting macl~rne, a punching machine, and n ltlrge number of charts nncl maps, the latter showing graphically some of the results of tlie Thirteenth Censi~s and of important inquiries that have been made since that census.

The maps and chxrts tvere on display at the last annual meeting of the National Chamber of Commerce, in Washington; the entire exhibit is nov at the Western Pennsylvania Exposition, in Pittsburgh; nncl it is Inter to be taken to the New Yorlc Electrical Exposition, i n New Yorlr City. Requests for the use of this exhibit a t other exposi- tions have been received, but it has been necessary to decline them because of conflicting dates.

Two or three persons are always sent with the exhibit t o demon- strate the machines, explain the maps and charts, take orders for Cen- sus publications, etc. All expenses, except tlie salaries of these persons, are paid by tlle exposition.

When not in use elsewhere this exhibit is installed in room Fill, the fifth floor of the Commerce Building, and is always open to the public.

ASSISTANCE RENDERED OTEIER DEPARTMENTS.

Lists of names and addresses of large manufactnring establish- ments (about 30,000 in number) mere furnished the Secretary of tke Navy, to be .~~sei l by him in organizing the industries of the country in furtherance of the plans for military and naval preparedness. Lists of this character were also furnished the Federal Trade Comnlission and the Department of Agriculture, for use in connection with the activities of those offices.

40 x r ~ ~ l - ~ E P O R T OF THE DIRECTOR O F THE CENSUS.

Four thousand two ht~nducd letters Croxn the Pension Bureau, ye- questing data from tlze enumerators' returns for use in es tabl ish~ng the ages of pensioners ancl applicants for pensions and increases of pensions, mere receited and answered during. the year.

The Cenws Bureau has two plzotostats (devlces for n~alring photo- graphic copies of letters, clocuments, etc.), instnlle~l primarily f o r its owl1 use, on vhiclz i t bas clone ancl is doing considerable ~vorlr for other Federnl bureaus and offices, both in ancl outsicle the Departlnent of Commerce. This worlr is clone at actual cost. Only a, few photo- stats are 0~7~ned by the Government, and the Census Bnrea1;l's equipment in this respect is probably tho best in the Federnl service.

By crowding its own employees to n grcater extent tl1a11 is desir- able, the Census Bureau has l~rovided space on the fourth floor of the Con~inerce Building for some 2B or 30 einployees ol: the Federal Trade Com~nissian.

Tlze census schedules containing agricultural data are of value to the Departinent of Agriculture 111 connection with its morlr; and employees of that clepartnzenl are given access to the scheclnles and provicled with facilities for esaniiii~ng them ancl transcribing there- from such ini'onnation as is needed.

Em loyees of tlze Forest Service, of the Departlnent of Agl-icul- ture, f' lave been given access to the scheclules returnecl at the recent census of manufactures from estnblishinei~ts engaged in the lnmber+ and timber industry, for use in the yeparation of the Forest Serv- ice's series of statistical bulletins re atlng to forest proclucts. Tho Census Bureau also has lent the Forest service some of its adding machines for use in the conll~ilation of the statistics coiitaiiied in these bulletins. (See section relating to forest proclucts, under " P l a n s for future work.")

This Bureau has slipplied tlie Bureau of Animal Industry, of the De1)artment of Agriculttlre, for use in connection with its m a ~ l r , the names and ncldresses of slauglitering and meat-packing establish- ments, together with certain reliminary statistics in reference to

censns of mannfactures. i the slaughtering and meat-pac ing ind~~s t ry , derived from t h e 1914

As ex dained in the section, " Executive civil service," under il '' Plans or future mork," the Census Bureau is cooperating with the Bureau of Efficiency in the collection of data in reference t o Fed- ern1 e~nployees. This Bnrean lias assigned five of its clerks t o tlie work a t the Bureau of EBciency, where they will '' edit " the returns from the various departments and independent offices in respect to their personnel.

One census clerk has been detailed to the General Supply Corn- / mittee. if PUBLICATIONS ISSUED.

Following is a list showing the pnblications isslned during the fiscal year and since its close. I n addition to these, the Bureau has published a large number of press summaries, of vhich more than 800 were based on the manufactures census of 1914. (See subsection @j relating to census of manufactures, under " Current and completed work on statutorv inquiries "; also subsection headed "Press sum. marie,~," under " aethocl of distributing the Bureau's statistics.")

BEPORT OF THE DIRECTOB OF THE CENSUS. ' - '~3?~17

P - ---- 1 Class and title. ( Dnto issued. Poges. Edition. I - 5 JULY 1, 1915, TO JUNE 30, 1010. I 1-1- I Total.. ....................................................................... 1 I Bulletin (cl~larto): No. 131-Cotton proanclion and dislrihution, soason 1 of 1 - 1 5 ........................................................ . i ... ..

Botiud volumes (quarto): Indians in the United States and Alaska: 1910. .................... ~ ~ c a ~ t h , debt, and taxation, 10t3-~ol. I ..........................

1 @ Wealth, deI1, m ~ d taxatio11.1913-W1 11.. ........................ ............. Oflctal Regisl,or ol the United Stales, 1915. Directoiy ..................................... General statistics of cilies, 1915 United States life tables, 1010.. ....................................

i

Rol~orts of spcdnl cenfiuscs (octavo): l'o~)nlnl!on 01 Tulsa, OBla, ennmeratcd Apr. 15,1016) ............ Pop~i~otion ol I~arntrarnclr 6fic11. (enumerated June 25 1915).. .... l'opoletion of kt . Clair ~ e i b h t s Mich. (en~~rncra ted NO;. 18, 1915).. I ~ o p ~ ~ l a t i o n of Ilighlnud IJalk, hiic11. (enurncrnted Nov. 15, 1015). .. Yop~~lation ol Flustings, Nebr. (onumerated DPC. 13 1915). ........ Pop~llation of E l I'aso, Tex. (enurncrated Jan. '15, 1610). ...........

Aug. Oct. Jan. Feb. Feb. Mnr.

JuIy 3 1015 JUIS 0:1916 July 20,1B5 Ueo. 0 1015 Apr. 18:191~ Juno 7,1010

Misccllnneous publicntions: Lcnr tobacco h ~ l d by mannfactnrm's a n d dealers, Apr. 1, 1915

(octavo) ......................................................... July ....... Advancc tables of cotton ginned BOIU Crop 01 1914 (quai to). July ....................... Census ol 1110 deal and dumb, 1010 (quarto). Be~il. Annudrc 1011 01 Lhc Director o l theCc~~sus to tbeSecretary of Corn- ................................. morco I!srill year 1015 (?et?vo). Oct. Connpar;tive flnancnia1 slatlstics of cities niidcr council and commis- ......................... sion goverl~ii~ent, 1013 nnd 1015 (octavo) Mar. Circnlav No. 4--Federal esti~nates of population and Fedelal super- ................................ vision 01 local cons~iscs (oclavo).. May The Federal regislration servico of tlle United States: I t s dovelop- .......................... ment, problems and defects (octavo).. Jutla Advance tables oicolton productfon in the United States-crop of ................................................... 1915 (qoarto). June 213 roliorts, in card form, roluling to ootton a n d cotton seed.. July ....... suuc

.......... 2 reporls, in curd lorin, rclnting to stocks of leef tobacco..

....................................................................... Total..

............ .................... Gmnd tolul, July 1, 1916, to June 30, 18111.. 1

285 886 750 910 185 65

JULY 1,1916, TO SEPT. 15,1910. I I I

5 OW isno 2 : ~ a

25 10 000 7:500

PLANS FOR FUTURE WORK.

Miscellaneoos ~~ublications: Manual of lhe interl~ational list ol ceuscs of death (second raprint;

revisod) (ootnvo). ........................................... . iCirc11lar No. &Tentative program of t h e Buroau or t h e Census: ..................... . 101~1019 (octavo).. ....................-.. ........................ Finnncial slatistics of states: 1015 (quarto).

..................................................................... Totnl....

..................................... Grand lolal, July 1,1016, to Sept. 15, 1916

TRANSPOR'I'ATION BY WATER.

The act creating the permanent Census Burenu authorizes the Director of the Census to make an inquiry in regard to water trans- portation at decennial intervals. The last sucl~ Inquiry covered the calendar year 1906, and the next will therefore relate to 1016.

Since t;he census of 1906 there has been a great increase in tile number and tonnage of American-o~ned craft engaged in foreign and domestic commerce, and mntesial changes h a ~ e been made in the

July 25,1916

hog. 14 1010 Sept. 5: 1916

307

I4 125

446 ---

600

5,000 5, --

10,800 = 81x1 21,500

10 M r r l ~ U ~ \ ' l Ul" ' l n w UllIEOTVn Vl" IHu CKLUDUS.

methods of conducting the shipping business. It is necessary t h a t the great interests corlcerned be properly represented i n the coming report, and to this end their cooperation must be secured. T h e importance of this lnatter was subillitted to you, and, act ing i n con- formity ivith your suggestions, I have arrangecl to obtain the cooperation of the Bureau of Navigation, tlle Steamboat Inspection Serv- ice, alid the Bureau of Fisheries, all of which gather information con- . cerning the shipping interests of the country that will be of Inore o r less assistance in conducting the census. I n addition, I have been able t o obtain Ihe sympathy and cooperation of the American Stearnsllip Associntion and other associations and individnals that represent a large proportion of the shipping interests of the Unitecl States. T h e names and addresses of operators of documented craft a r e being secured from the Bureau of Navigation, and the collectors of ciis- toms and postmasters throughout the country are assisting i n tho preparation of lists giving similar infor~nation in regard to s n c l ~ of the lxndacuine~lted crtlft as mill be covered by the census. T h e l~ lanl r schedules to be usecl in gathering the data have been formulated and printed, and mill be distributed before the close of the year in t h e hope that the shipo~vners will prepare the reports and send them t o the Bureau soon thereafter.

Arrangements have also been made to obtain statistics relat ing to the operations of shipbnilcling yards and of fishing vessels. Neither of these important branches of the shipping industry was covered by the census of 100G.

RELIGIOUS BODIES.

The census of religious bodies, like the water-transportatioli inquiry, is, under the law, made at decennial intervals, and the for th- coming one mill relate to the calendar year 1916. The report will present, for eac11 religious denomination, detailed statistics in regard to cllnrch membership, church property, number and salaries of ministers, Sunday schools, etc.

ISAI<RIAQE AND Dn70RCE.

A joint resolution is now pending in Congress which, if adopted, ill authorize the Bureau of the Census to collect and publish statistics in relation to marriage and divorce, covering the periocl f rom 1907 to 1915, inclusive, and a t annual intervals thereafter. I n case this invest i~at ion is thus authorizecl, the field work will begin within a short tlme after the adoption of the resolution.

The first Federal investigntion of marriage and clivorce ns a distinct subject was innde in 1887 by the Department of Labor and COY- ered tlze twenty years froin 1867 to 1886, inclusive. The next was made twenty years later by the Bureau of the Census and corerccl the period from 1887 to 1906, inclusive. I f another investigation is mode in the near future, there mill be available, when the report is pre- pnred, statistics on this sukject coveeng a half century. The report mill shorn, among other things, marriage and divorce rates ; duration & of marriage; causes of divorce; party to which granted, and whether contested; number of children; whether a l i m o n ~ was asked, nnd whether granted; and statutor regulations coverm,q marriage and divorce i n the various States. Bomparative figures will be given for

REPOnT OP T H E DIl?ECTOR OP T H E CENSUS. *. b ! Jr-P i 19

important foreign counbries. I t is the purpose, if the investigntion is made, to resent for certain States cletailecl statistics of n~xssiage, B such as nurn Jer of inxrriages, age a t mnrriage, color, ntttivity, etc., so far as these statistics are available in published reports for any or all of the years included in the decade to be covered. (See recoml~~encla- tion relating to marriage and divorce, under " Legislation needed.")

1\TOP;OGRBPI-L ON TUBERCULOSIS.

A statistical monograph on deaths from tuberculosis, covering the calendar year 1916, mill be prepared ancl p~zblislled. This monograph, like that relating to cancer (see Monograph on Cancer, under " Special and miscellaneous lines of vorB "1, will present n~ncli more clqtnilecl statistics than are given in the Bureau's annnal reports on mortality.

ELECTRICAL INDUSTRmS.

The next quinclnennial censns of electrical industries, at wllich will be collected statistics in regard to the ope~ations of central electric light and power stations, electric rnilmays, and telephones ancl tele- graphs, will cover the year 1017. The preliminary work for this census, therefore, must be begun i n the latter part of that year, in order that the actilal canvas may commence promptly after the first of January, 1918.

The census reports contain a complete history of the development of electrical industries, which has been so important; a factor in the inclustrial advance of the United States. They are not made up entirely of statistical material, but include also sections describing the changes and improvements which have been made in electrical machinery and apparatus during the period covered. These sections are similar in style to articles in technical and scientific periodicals, and are accoinpanied by illustrations.

The next census will be the fourth regular quinquennial eanmera- tion that has been made i n coinplixi~ce with. the requirements of the permanent censns act.

A bill providing for the annual collection of statistics of forest proclucts is now pending in Congress. I n the event of its enactment into lam the Bureau mill collect and p~tblish annually, probablp i n cooperation ~v i th the Forest Service of the Department of Agr~cal- ture, statistics showing kinds, quantities, and values of products made by lumber mills, quantity of each species of timber cons~uined, number of mills, etc. (See recommendation relating to forest proclucts, under " Legislation needed.")

A bulletin presenting statistics relating to the enlployees in the executive civil service on J u l y 1, 1916, will be compiled and published. The data will be supplied, on individual cards, by the various departments and other governmental ~stablishments. The Bu- reau of Efficiency will have charge of the distribution and collection

is V REl'OBT OF TXE DlRECTOR O F T E E CENSUS.

of these cards, nncl after making use of the clzta on tlmm as a basis for estinlating the cost of civil-service pensions, will t~lm illern over to the Census Bureat1 for the purposes of the statistical compilations retlnireil for the proposecl bulletin.

Tmo similar bulletins have already been publishecl, one relating to the year 1003 and the other to the year 1907. I n these bulletins the eniployees in the executive civil servicc are classified by departments and bureaus nnd by sex, age, race, nativity, martial condition, com-

6 pensation, length of service, etc. I n 1907 the total number of employees, both m and outsicle the District of Columbia, was 185,874; ancl i t is estinlated that tlie n~umbcr at the present time is not f a r from 320,000.

OENSUS OF CITY DISTRIDUTION.

Ullder your directioll tho Bwenu is now planning a11 inquiry i n nno or nlore of the reproscntative cities of tlle IJnitetl States into that

ortion ol tho cost of distribution whicl~ arises from cartage and Esuling. Tl~ero has nwer bean any completo authoritative inquiry on this subject, and tho few attoinpts that havc beet] made by outside iuvestig?tors to obtain this information ]lave nol been continuous nncl conclus~ve am1 llnve only demonstrated that the problem is n very lmgc one. I t is I<no\vli that tlle cost of distribution is oxlo of thc principal factors in the high cost of living to-day. Arly inquiry concerning so extensive a subject to be of value nocess:~r~ly would have to be undertaken by the Federal Govcrnmcui,. It is hoped. that the flicts to bc dove10 ~ c d by thc prcliminnry inquiry will lead t o tt thorougll knowlodge o! this almost unknown but vital pllsso of the cost of living and to so!ne udequxtc trcat;ment of it in t he futwo. The Bucnu plans to beg111 this investigation as soon as the conditiol~ of its current morlr: will permit-probably shortly after the tho f i s t of the coming cnlenilar yenr.

The machine shop was engaged during the gear in the maintenance of machines in use in tho Census Bureau and in the Bureau of Immi- gmtion; in making repairs to computi?g lnachines and t o tabulat- lilg equipment danzaged in transit; and in preliininary work in con- nectjou vit11 new const.mction, rebuilcling, ancl overl~auling. In this pselrminary work tho shop has been somewhat handicapped by de- layed cleliveries and by c1ifIiculty in securing special materials.

I n order that the Bnreau inny be prope1.3y equi~ped rnltl~ machinery for tabulating the results of the Fourteenth Census, a reat deal of ~vork is necessary during the coming three years. 1f the approprintions for the lnachine shop continue adequate, i t is planned to h x ~ ~ the entire lnachine equipment co~nlsletecl and thoroughly tested by July 1, 1919-the beginning of tlie Fou~teenth Cens~rs period. With this end in view, a progressive plan of tvorlr has already been begun. This includes the construction of 25 new-model tnb~~lat jng nlnchines, complete, ancl of 5 extra txbulator bases and 114 extra counting units of 10 counters each; the rebuilding of 286 automatic card-punchin ~nachiiles and of 2 card-sorting inacllines; and the overhauling of 1 % card-sorting machines and of 5 card-count-

l t w l w 'tr$'< REPORT OF TXE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 2 1

ing machines. This work, together with the maintennnce of the ma- rllinary in clailg use, v i l l tax the capacity oP tlle machine shop, 3s now organized, between the present time nncl c J ~ ~ l y 1,1010.

Thc force of the machine shop has been enlarged since July 1, Isle, by the enlployment oil t h e e temgorxry mechanicians; nncI n register oP eligibles for the position of " tabulating nleclianicinn '' in the Census Bureau hns been establislled by the Civil Senrice Comniission, throng11 an open competitive examini-ttion Ilelcl Sep- tember 5.

Devebopment of integ~.atinq tabu2ato1-.--During the last two ycars tho officials of the Buranu have giren considcmble thought to the develop~lient of nn "integrrzling " counter-that is, a counter which . will not merely rccoril nntl acid units but wiIl record and add ntcm6ers, thus performing. nutomzticnlly tho work done by the operator of an adding machine-lor use on certain lines of current work in con- nectjion with the mech~inicnl-t2,bulntion system of the Burenu, and some experimental work in tllis direction has been done in thc machine shop. The tnbu13tor already developed by tho Buroau, which is a "unit-counting ' I ln ~clline, is successfully opor~ting in connection with tho co~npllxtion of the data returned for the popu- latioil and otller inquiries involving the nssemLIiag of singIe unitis only; but tho devdopment of nn integrating counter would provide meclinnism whereby the statistics of the agriculturnl and rn~l~nufac- tures censuses could be simi1:lrly tabutitad, nnd it is the opinion of thoso familiar with the work of tlie Burea~z thnt the use of such a mnchiric on the conlpilation oI the detx obtained a t these inquiries would result, not only in n great sming of tiine and money but dso in greater accurtlcy Ih:en is now possible.

In order thnt tho Bureau may immedintely take up this work: it is necessary, and is urgent a t this time beceuse of tho appronching Fourteenth Ceilsus, to have an ztdclitional ayproprinllan. I$ is - highly important that the pres.ent work of the mnchiue shop be not interfered with. because both the npl~rop"i2'.tion and the force am- ployed are bs~rely suilicielit to tnlre care of the current work of the Bureau and prepnre prol>erly for the next decennial census. An est;imat;e ol $50,000 has therefore been submitted for the purposo of ~neeting the expense incidoilt to de~eloping the integrnting :outer. It is believed that, the expenditure of this sum will be reptild many fold through Llrie saving, not merely on the census worlr alone, but on the stntistictil work of other governmoutal burenus and olTices, for tlie integrating ti-tbuliltor will hc ndnpted for use an all cltisses of stativticnl ~vorlr.

OFFICE L1C~COir13fD1~.iTJON,~, B~lXIl1UI1l$, AND STORAGE 8PACE.

Ofice arconan~odatio~~s.-~lltllo~~gll the increase. in the Bnrenu's oflice Sorce incident to the next ittlecen~linl census vill not take place nntil1019, the co~~~pilat icn of the reenlts of the recent census of manu- Pnctnres-a, very large piece of xork-is nolv under may, nrlcl s!v~rd other inqmrtant inrestigationr;, sncll as the censuses of religious boclies and vnter trnusportation, a s ~ v e l l as the inquiry relating $0 ~nnrriage and clivorce, in case that inquiry is nuthorizecl hy lxw, VI!~ tiegin in tht! ilenr fnture: in Pact! preliminary worlr on tllesc muesti-

22 "* REPOET OF THE DlBECTOIL OF TEE CENSUS.

gations is already in progress. It becomes necessary, therefore , t o give immediate ancl serions :~ttention to the mntter of a n incrense i n

accommoclations. Tlie Census Burealx already occupies f o u r entire floors aiid parts of three floors of the Coinnierce Bui lding, unci it needs still another entire floor. Furthermore, a portion of its force . is not disposed to the best adva~itagc ; for example, the clivisio1-1 of vital statistics occupies part,s of three floors, whereas it sllnultl be located entirely on one floor. It is obvious that the highest degree of efficiency cnn not be attained when x section of the Porcc engageil in n single line or in closely related lines of work i s scat tered on several floors.

Fu?*niture.-Although the Bure:ln's supgly of deslrs, chairs, nztil fil,ing cases has been increased son~cwhat during tlie past year, $1 still further increase is nece,ssary in order to meet properly t h e needs of the cltiily v~orlc.

Xtorage space.-The matter of storage spnce for the Bureau's old records is steadily becoining ?nore serio~zs. These recorcls consist in large part of population, agricultural, and manufactures schedules- that is, the returns made by the enumerators-of past censuses. The population schedules constit,ute substantially conlplete lists of the inhabitants of the Unitecl States at decennial intervals froin 1790 to 1910. These sched~~les-tvl-~iclz shorn not only names rind adclresses but various other iteins of information, such as sex, age, ~ n a r i t a l condition, etc.--are thus of great, value to genealogists, applicqlits for pensions or increases of penslonu, litigants in connectlo~l wit11 the settlement of estates, and others; ancl their destruction would mean irrepart~ble loss. At present these sched~~les are stored in four places : tlle eighth floor of the Cornmerce Building; the fireproof vaul t ill the basement; a portion of the basement outside the vault ; a n d tile olcl Armory Building at the corner of Fifteenth and E Streets NW.

One end of tlie vault is next to the boiler room, and all tlle stealn pipes for one side of the b~zilding pass through it. For this reason, the tempernt~xre-altholxgh the windoms are left open and the steam kept shut ofl from the raclintors-can not be brought belom 90° F. while the heating plant is in operation. It is, therefore, almost impossible for a clerk to ~vorlr in the vault, and particularly i n !;he end next to tlie boiler room, for more than a few minutes a t a tilno; alld the records are rapidly deteriorating because of the heat, in spi te of the fact that a large number of buclrets of water are kept standing in the vault i11 orcler to moisten the atmosphere.

The roof ancl walls of the old Arinory Bnildin are lealry: nncl some of the records there have alren'dy been so bad87 injured by tho rain that portions of them are obliterated.

The Census Bureau is, therefore, in iinmecliate need of additional storage space for its records; and this need will be very greatly increased soon after tlie beginning of the Fourteenth Censns period. It is highly iinportnnt that steps be taken at once to remedy this condition.

OFFICE FORCE.

The appro ,riation act for tlie fiscal year 1916 proviclecl for 56'3 Bi permanent o cinls and employees of the Census Bureau. The number provided by the act of 1917, under which the Bureau is now oper-

I

e$ yir ?P I REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 23

ating, is 562, seven einployees having been transferred by that act to the roll of the Department.

The Census Bureau labors under a serious handicap by reason of its low average salary scale, which is driving many members of its force, including some of the inost capable ones, to leave for more lucrative employnlent elsewhere, both in and outside the Goverr~ment service. Although the appropriation act for the current year nf- forded some slight measure of relief by providing for 13 additional positions in the salary classes above $1,200 per annurn, the number of $1,200 places being correspondingly reduced, the scale of compensation still remains very low when comparison is made with other Federal 01Kces. Of the Bureau's entire force, including officinls, clerlcs, and subclerical em2loyees, those in the clerical salary classes t, above $1,200-that is, in t e $1,400, $1,600, and $1,800 classes-form only 14.2 per cent, and the officials and clerks above $1,200 together co~istitute only 17.2 per cent, leaving 82.8 er c e n t a very large pro- P portion indeed-in the salary classes o $1,200 and below. The percentage for officials and clerks above $1,200 combined (17.2) is less than half as large as the corresponding one 36.1) for all the esecu- 6 tive departments combined, exclusive of t e Census Bureau, in February, 1912, the latest date for which this percentage has been computecl. It is safe to say that in no other Federal office of equal or greater size is the salary scale for the official and clerical forces so low as in the Census Bureau.

During the past fiscal year 11 clerks-8 men and 3 women-were transferred to other Federal ofIices, and 20-7 men and 13 momen- resigned. A11 the clerlcs transferred and all but one of those who resigned were receiving $1,200 or less.

During the fiscal year 101&15, 34 clerks mere lost by transfer and 1 official and 15 clerlcs by resignation. Of the clerks transferred, all but 5, and of those ~ 1 1 0 resigned, all but 1, were receiving $1,200 per mnum or less.

The loss during the year 1915-16, therefore, was somewh~t less than during the preceding one, and it is probable that the differcnca was due in soine measure to the fact that the promotions made at the beginning of the p.~.esent fiscal year had been in prospect for several months. It is obvious, however, that the drain lzpon the Bureau's personnel remains altogether too large.

I here q ~ ~ o t e , from my last report, s passRge wl~ich %pplies with equal force to present conditions :

I t is impossible to lily too great stress on the injuslice, both to tlie Burcau as an oifice and to its personnel a s inclividn:lls, \i'hich results from this state of afeairs. On the one hand, the Bureau has lost a con';iclcr:~l?lc nninber of its experieilced employees, alld h a s thus become, to that extent, n. training school for governmental bureaus and comrnercinl institutions mill1 riiore liberal salary scales. llfany of these employees find become especially valuable and efficient as EI result of their long service, and their places can not be nilcwntely filled by the simple process of pro~notio~l or appointmeat, Months, runil even years, of training will be necessary to fit their successors to discharge their duties with the desirctl degree of efficiency. On thc olller hand, tllr employees who remain are, in lnally cases, clralving ftar less pay thnn is given for comparable service in other burenus in this and otlier departments. From the standpoint of the enlgloyees, this is unjust ; and fro111 the sta~ldpoint of the Bureau, i t is a clisadvantage, in tllat i t tends to engender a spirit of discon- tent and indifference. RIost employees will not clevelop their maximum possible efaciency when they believe themselves to be illtreatcd.

24 1" L' REPORT OP T.KE IIIRECTOR OF TEE UENSUS.

The Bnreau also suffers by reason of the inadequate size of its statutory force, which now numbers 562, whereas 10 years ago it was 640, or 57 more than the present number. A portion o f this reduction (39 employees) was due to the removal of the Census Bu- reau to the Department of Commerce Building ancl the result:lnt con- solidation of part 01 its force with that of the Department. MnI r ing allowance for this consoliclation, the Bureau is now opesating w i t h 48 fewer employees than i t had 10 years ago. I t s work, however, is materially greater at present than it was a t that time, t o sorne extent by reason of the addition, in 1912, of the senliannual (now quarterly) tobacco inquiry to the investigations regularly carr ied on by the Bureau, but more especially because of the general increase in the worlr along all lines, due to the growth of the country dur ing the past clecade.

The increase in the vital-statistics ~ o r l i is ~ v o r t l ~ y of l~a r t i c r r l a r mention. This worlr is rapidly becoming gr!ater from vea? to ve:\r, not merely by reason of the normal increase In the population of the country, but also because of the extension of the " regi?tration a r e a s " fo r births and deaths. The collection of birth stntistlcs h:ts recently been begnn; and the death statistics, which 10 years ago related to less than one-hall, now refer to approximately '70 per cent, of the p o p ~ ~ l n - tion of the 7Jnitecl States. As sc result of this growth in the wol.lr on vital statistics i t was necessary, in thc latter par t of the past fiscal year and the early part of the current one, to ernplo;~ 30 temport t ly mnchine operators in the division of vital st:\tistics for a period of about four months. Some of these operators had been formerly in the employ of the Census Bureau, and the remainder were obtaincd from the registers of the Civil Service Commission.

The Bureau of the Census, therefore, is doing Inore work to -day with a slnnller force tllan i t did years ago. It has becn able, by improvements in metl~ods and mechanism, to neutralize in par t the effects of this condition, but the hnndicnp uncler which it labors is still a serious one.

With the view of remedying, i n some measure, the unfol-tunnte condition existing in the Census Bureau as a result of its low ealnry scale, Congress w ~ l l be asked, in malring nppropri~t ions for the for th- coining fiscal year, t o provide for an increase of 33 in the number of places :~bove $1,200 and for a corresponding reduction in the miin- ber of $1,200 positions, the total numnber of places thus being l e f t the same as at present. The changes for whlch provision is mnde in the cstimsctes sublnittcd to Congress will necessitate an increase of only $0,600, or less than 13 per cent, in the total appropriation f o r salaries, but ill make possible a considerable number of so~sely needed promotions. When once the compensation paid in the Buren~z of the Census is on a par mith that paid elsewhere for comparable vo r l~ , the Burean mill be able to retain tl10 services of its ablest employees-or a t least of most of them-instead of losin6 them to other branches of the Federal service and t o the commercinl \vorld.

The present and proposecl classifications are shown on the pages foIlowing. W

n ~ ~ u 1 t . r U& 1.n~ UlltEUlOR OP THE UENSUS. ! 2 5

The following statement shows the nature and distribution of the office and field enlployees on September 30, 1916 :

- ---- -- -- --

Crmde.

Director ....................................... ChieIstnlisticinns.. ........................... Chiolclerk.. .................................. aoographcr.. ................................. Stenogrnphor ................................ Expert chiels ot divislon.. .................... Clerlrs:

C ~ S S 4 .................................... Class 3.. .................................. Clnssz.. .................................. Class 1.. .................................. $1 000.. ................................... sob0 .......................................

Expert n~np mounter.. Skilled laborors:

$900 ....................................... $720 ....................................... ............ ....................... Messengers : ........................ Assistant mossongers.. ............................. Unsltillctl Inborors

Messenger boys ............................... Total. ..................................

Director SAM. L. ROOEICS. Chief clerlc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WILLIAM L. Au8TIN. Chief stntisticians :

Pol~ulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L A M C. HUNT. statistics of cities ---------------------------------. T A C E &It ~ R O G A N . RIunufncturos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W L A Id. STEUAIIT. Vital r;lnti~tlcs - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L I A N H. Dnvrs, M.

mspert special agent in charge of revision nnd results-------.JOSEPH A. IIILL. Geogl-apher ---------------------------------------------. CI<ALES 8. SLOARE. IUxpert chiefs of division :

Administrative - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - v F. HA~TLEY. Populntlon ---------,-------------------------------- VILLIAN H. JAIIVIB. Nanufaciures --------------------------------------- D A D W. KOCH.

FRANK L. SAXFORD. GEORGE 1. OLLEU.

Stut i&ic~ of. cities ............................... A T J. ElIIsCH. Vital s t a t i s t~cs ...................................... RICHARD C. LAPPIN. Revision and results .............................. I - - A. Pmacn.

--- OfIice force, 1917.

Cotton and tobacco ---,----------------------------- - -. Chief, mechanical laboratory M. LABOITEAUX.

TeF- 1 4 1 1 1 9

I t 25 40 283 83 el ................................................... 2 1 3 6 4 3

562

-- Estimates, 1918.

Stenographer, $1,500 ---------------- 1 Clerlts-Contluued. Ciorlts : $I.OOO 83

Clnss4 ........................ 1 5 $SOO-------------------------- 8 1 Clnss 3-------_---------------- 25 - Class 2 ------------------------ 4 0 Total----------------------- 828 Class 1 ....................... 283

Skilled laborers : Assfstnnt ntessengers, $720 ----------- 6 -------------------------- 2 Messenger boys, $480---------------- 3 720---------------,---------- I -

Unskilled Inborers, $720 ------------- 4 Total ----------------------- 18 Messengers, $840 ------------------- 3

Salary.

$6000 $000 2:500 2 000 1'500 $000

1 800 ~ : O O O I 400 1'200 1:000

goo

900 720 840 720 720 480

..........

Amount.

Q0,OW 12,000 8 000 2:000 1,500

24000

30,OlHl 48, wo 01,1100

300 000 83: 000 72 000 1 : ~

OW 720

2 620 3 ' 8 0 2 ' 8 ~ 1:440

083,060

-

ye?- 1 4 1 1 1 10

17 30 85

250 83 81 1

1 1 3 5 4 3

802

Expert $1 800--------------------- Electr~cnl dxpert $1 800 ------------- Mechsnicnl expekt. $1,400 1\I~clinnlci:1n, $1.400 ---------------- Taolmnker, $1,400 ------------------ Electrician, $1,200 ------------------

Amount.

------ $6000 12:000 2,500 2,000 1 GOO

18:000

27 000 40: 000 50 000

33d600 83: 000 7 2 , ~ ~

1,800 720

2 620 3'1300 2: 880 1,440 ------

1373,460

Edary.

80000 3'000 3:000 2 000 1'600 2:000

1 800 1'600 1'400 1'200 1:000

goo 1,000

QOO 720 840 720 720 480

..........

LABOIIATORY FORCE.

1 Alcehnnicinn, $1.200 ---------------- 1 1 Genernl mechanic, $1,000 1 1 Machinists, $1,200 (temporary) ------ 8 1 - 1 Total----------------------- 11 1

SPECIA& AGENT FORCE.

Expert agents for genernl flcld work, etc--- ---- -- ------- &--- -----..----------- 1g

Omcluls --------------------------- 18 Special agents --------------------- 19 ClericaI force ...................... 628 Snbclerlcal force ------------------- 18 I Total ------------------------- 694 l cchnn icn l laborntory force ---------- 11 - b

I n addition, there are employed througllout the cotton belt '72; local special agents to collect statistics of cotton. These agents per- form their work only a t intervals and are paid on a piece-price basis.

METHOD OF DISTRIBUTING TEE BUREAU'S STATISTICS.

The zrsefnlness of the statistical worlr done by the Census Buren11 depencls to a considerable extent upon the manner in svhiclz its results are disseminated. Tlia method employed is to place the preliminary or furldamental statistics derived lrom a census inquiry before the public through the medium of preliminary aanounce- meiits or " lwess summnries," and later to issue the complete report in the form of a paper-bound bulletin or series of bulletins, or in the form of one or more bound volumes. I n the case of the more comprehensive reports, separate sections are published in bulletin form, and sometimes an abstract or summary of the entire report i s issued. {See section relating to census of manufactures, under " Current nnd completed work on statutory inquiries.")

By means of its preliminary announcelnents or press summaries, the Bureau is able to place tbe salient features of its statistical reports in the hands of millions of readers-not only of newspapers, but also of trade journals, technical and scientific publications, etc.- whereas the reports themselves reach only thousands. These preliminary announcements in some cases summarize entire reports and in other cases only single sections of reports. An example of the latter class is supplied by the press summaries giving statistics from .the recent census of manufactures.

These summaries range in length from half an ordinary news- paper column to a column or more, and many of them nre gnren a very wide circzllption. They are often printed in full, but when n paper or periodical cnn not spare sufficient space for the entire summary it usuc~llg omnits portions and prints all or the gre@ part of the remainder verbatim. I n this way the Bureau minimizes the clanger that garbled and misleading statements based or! 1ts statistics, hastily prepared by persons unfamiliar wit;h the subjects covered, will be placed before the public.

Jn distributting its reports and bulletins the Bureau ernpl?p a number of mailing lists. One of these contains names of rnun~clpnl libraries, libraries of educational institutions, statisticians, yono- mists, and others who have reqtlested that they be supplied wlth all V publications issuecl by the Bureau; others are made up of names of associations, board? of trade, chambers of commerce, institnt~ons, State and city officlnls, special students, etc., w l ~ o desire the ~nrsall's

REPORT OF THE DIXECTOR OF THE CENSUS. * b t d t '2 i. 2 7

reports and bulletins relating to the particular subjects in which I they are interested, but do not desire all its publications. In the

case of the more important reports, a printed mailing card with Eranlred return card attached is scnt to each name onJhe appropriate list or lists, informing tlie recipient that the report is nbout to be issued and requesting him, if he desires to receive it, to notify the

' & Bureau to that effect by detaching the return part of the card, signing his name, and mailing it.

I n some cases s n~ultigraphed circular letter is sent to members of associations, etc., mho are presumed to be interested in the subjects with n7hiclx the report cle~ls. I n the letter is given a brief description o f the report;, and the recijient is requested to notify the .Bureau in case he wishes to receive it. This plan lias been employed, with higlily satisfactory results, in the distribution of a number of the publications recently issued.

The periodical reports on cotton, of which 26 are issued annually, are printed upon postal carcls and mniled to large numbers of growers, ginners, dealers, and man~~facturers. They are also printed upon sheets of suitable sixe and sent t o all post ofices in the cotton-

( growing region, for posting therein. I n addition, mimeographed stateinents showing county totals are sent to cotton ginners, clealers, and others specially interested in statistics of this character. The annual cotton bulletin, contnining in amplified form, mith text dis- cnssion, the statistical material sent out during the year in the \ periodical reports j ~ ~ s t mentioned, is sent to ;dl those nho receive the postal-card T ~ ~ O T ~ S . The m ~ i l i n g list for tl~ese reports comprises about 45,000 names.

The quarterly reports on tobacco, like the periodical reports on cotton, are distributed by means of postal cards and printed sheets for display in post offices.

I N YOR3XATION FURNISIIED BY CORRESPONDENCE.

One phase of the Census Bureau's morlr is the furnishing of information by correspondence. The Bureau is i n daily receipt of scores of letters requesting information contained in its records. Many of these requests are for genealogical data and for information in regard to ages of soldiers, for use in coi~nection with applicatiqns for pensions and ii~crcases of pensions.. Each such req~~est recelves a cour- teous reply, and in the great m w r i t y of cases i t is possible to s ~ p p l y the information desired.

LEGISLATION NEEDED.

MAIU3IAGB AND DIVORCE.

Senate joint resol~~tion 107, authorizing tl10 Bureau of the C,ensus to collect and publish statistics of marriage and divorce covering the nine-year period 1907 to 1915, inclusive, and a t annual intervals there-

!! after, is now pending in the House of Representatives. In 1906, the last year covered by the previous census report, more

than 72,000 divorces were granted in the United States. The annual divorce rate per 100,000 married population advanced from 81 in the year 18'70 to 200 in the year 1900. Another compilation of the

28 - - -

REPOm OF TEE DXXEcTOB 03' TIIE UENSUS.

data is necessary to sllow what the resent conditions are and whether the increase in the freql~ency of {ivorce hns continl~ecl o r has been cl~eclced or in any degree retardecl within the last 10 years. These and other questions relating to the causes of clivorce, i ts relative prev- alence in diff'erent States or sections of thc co~zntry, etc., can he accurately answered only by the aid of statistics. I t is obvious tha t an inquiry of such vital importance as this shoultl he couc11~cterI a t regular and frequent intervals, especi?lly as the success of the

b undertalring depends upon the preservation and accessibility 0.1 local recorcls, which after the lapse of time are liable to be destroyed or to be stored in inconvenient or inaccessible places. Nearly every important country escept the United Stakes makes ';111n11';11 compil* A t' ~ o n s of statistics of marriage and divorce. I n this country, however, stzcli statistics have thus far been compiled on two occasions only, each compilation covering re.trospectively a periocl of 20 years. (See section relating to marriage and dnrorce, nnder "Plans f o r fu tu re worlr.")

F o r these reasons the adoption of Senate joint resolution 101 is strongly recommencled.

FOREST l'l<ODUCTS.

In my lust report I rccommenderl the enactment of legislation pro- vicling for the annual collection of statistics of forest products, Bills having this purpose have been introduced in Congress (S. 4589 and 11. 12417), but neither 110s become law. Statistics of this chnracter shot~lcl be collected and published regularly, since they in- dicate very closely the estent to whick the forests of the country a re being depleted for commerciad pnrposes. (See section relat ing to forest proclacts, uncler "Plans for futmse morlr.")

1~INANCIAL STTBTISTICS OI' S'l1ATICS.

A report presenting, for the fiscal year 1015, financial statistics of States, similar in scope to the financial statistics of cities low

iss~~ecl annually by tlie Bureau, has been published. The preparation of this report-the first of its kind which the Bureau has compiled- was undertaken by order of the Secretary of Commerce, issued uncler uutlzority contained in thc act to establish the Department of Com- merce and Labor, approved February 14, 1903. State officials nnd others interested in the investigation are clesirous that i t be m a d e annually hereafter. Authority for the continuance of the w o r k however, can be proviclecl only by legislation, and the enactment 03 such legislntion -cv:~s recommended in my last nnn~xal report. Bills to confer the needed authority upon tile Director of the Census (S. 4589 ancl 1-1. R. 12417, also referred to under YD"rest prodncts") a re now pending in Congress, aacl the enactment of one of them into. lam is recommended.

OFFIOIAL BEGlgTEB OF THE UNITED S't'ATBB. 0 I n the annual reports of the Director of the Census for the fiscal

years 1913. 1914, and 1915, attention hns been called to the need of 8. revision of the lam relating to the publicntion 01 the Oflicial Register

REPOET OF TEE DIRECTOR OF rTELE CENSUS. " E &fa2$)

of the United States. Under the subhead, "Official Register of the United States," in the section entitled " Progress of routine 1vorlr," in my annual report for the fiscal year 1915, I set forth my reasons for recoinlnending certain changes i n the scope of the Register; and under the subheacl, " Official Register of the United States," in the section entitled LLLegislation needed," in the same report, are out- lined the changes recommended. These changes comprise :

(I) The estal~lisliment of n card tlirectory, prept~retl and maintained by the Civil Srrvice Uonnllis~ivn Pro111 information fur~lislied by t l ~ e esecut iv~ tlepnrt- ~neiits :mil inc1el)ondent offices, showing tlie iinnle and status of every person in the Go~~crnlnent service escept t he ollicers ancl enlistell inen of the Army, Navy, l l ~ ~ r i n e Corps, ancl Coasl Guurrl. (Lists of ofIicers of the Army, Nnvy, ant1 llrwine Curps tlre already ~ul)lisl~etl anmially in tlle Allny Itegister and Nnvy Register, issued by the ?Tar iuid N:wy Depnrt~nents, resl>ectively.)

(2) The elimination from the Ofncinl Itegister of ctetailed lists of all employees, by nwne. (8) The publicnlion :~nnuzlllg by the Burenu of tlie Ccnsus of an Oficial

Register containi~lg- (n) A lisl of all emplojrees of tlie Government (escept otlicers and clllisteil

men,in tlie Anny, Navy, AIarine Corps, and Const Ooarcl) wliose duties :we of nn esecntive, supervisory, lechnical, or professional character, nnrl whose compensation is $2,000 or nlore per annum.

( b ) Statistics relating to tlie Governn~e~lt service, to be preparetl firoin the Civil Service Commission's card directory.

The adoption of the proposed plan tvoc~lcl result in a very con- siclerable reduction in the expense of preparing the Official Register, while at the same time preserving all i ts valuable features, and in adclition ~vould provide for a complete and up-to-date record of the entire personnel of the Government i n one central office (the Civil Service Commission), in such form tha t the Census Bmeau would be able, by the aid of its tabulating machinery, quiclcly and accurately to compile satistics relating to Federal cnlployees when called upon to do so by thc Presiclent or by Congress.

For these reasons, and for those given i n my last report, I renew my recommenclation that the proposed changes be a~~thorized by law.

EXPRESS BUSINESS.

I rcnew the ~:ecomnienclation contained i n my Inst annun1 report, for the repeal of the requirement of the decennial collection of statistics relating to the business of express companies,, nom contained in the act of June 'i, 1906. Annual statistics of t h ~ s chxrncter are collected and published by the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the decennial conduct of a sinlilar investigation by the Census Bu- reau is wholly unnecessary.

I also renew the recommendation contained in niy last report, to the effect that express, rather than implied, nuthority be given the Director of the Census to furnish transcripts of tables and other records and to prepare special statistical compilations for State ancl local ofiicials and for private concerns ancl indi~idnals, and that the provision of law conferring this authority he so clm\vn as to make the amounts reccived for nrorlr of this character actually serviceable to the Bureau, instead of only nominally so as at present. The

30 ' " " - REPOET O F TEE DIREUTOR O F THE UINSUS:

authority under which the Bureau now l~erforms this work is found in section 32 of the Thirteenth Census act.

INTXR3IEDIATIO CENSUS O F ILANWFACTURES.

Under ihe existing law, :& census of inanufact~~rcs in the United Q States is taken every fifth year. The last inquiry covered 1914, but conditions have changed so materially that the statistics from t h a t inquiry provide no reliable indication of the procl~~ction in 1916. There is constant demand for information as to the nnnnal ou t l~u t of- oixr domestic manufactures at more frequent intervals than every fifth year. A census covering only the gross values of the products of the various industries and the quantities ancl values of some of the principal products could be taken very ex editiously and at a comparati-vely small cost, ancl the statistics o f tained would be of great value. Such a census ~ ~ o ~ x l d not cover such matters as capital, persons employed, quantity of power used, or various other details for which clata are obtained at ihe regular quinquennial censuses of manufactures. The purpose would be to confine the i n q u i s ~ to the gross values of the products of each inclnsti~y and the quantities and values of the principal products, and to compile and publish the statistics in time so that they would be of c ~ a r e n t interest and va111e.

I recomniencl, therefore, that legislation be enected authorizing the Director of the Census to take an intermediate census of the qtlan- tities and values of domestic manufactures for 1916 and for every fifth year tlzereafter.

APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES.

FINANCIAL STATXi%IEINT, FISCAL YEAR 1 0 10.

The following financial statement covers the operations of the Census Bureau during the fiscal year ended June 30,1916 : Administrative :

Salaries for administmtive places ..................... $36 394 GO Snlnries for d l~~is ion of correspondence and mail-------- 10: 170: 40 Salarles for labor force ............................... 3 497 78 Contingent expenses a 13: 730: 78

Machine shop : Snlnries --------------------------------------- 10,450.02 Materials, supplies, ctc ----------,-------------I------ 430. 89

Dbision of revision and results : Supervision---------------------------------------- 7,048.00 P u b l i c a t i o n s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 280 08 Dependent, defective, and delinquent classes ------------ 12' 607' 93 Negroes in t h e United States .......................... 16: 687: 05 O(Bcln1 Reghter of the United Statcs ------------------ 5,112.49 Directory of mstitutions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 794.45 Editorial and result work -----------,----------------- 1,740.50 Miscellancous --------------------------------------- 1, 340.84

Division of population : Supervision 7 843.21 Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11: 355.15 hliscellaneous -,------------------------------------- 1,378.80

20.277.25 - - , .- . . . - - Division of mnnnfnctures :

Supervision -------------..-----I------------------- 7,997.61 Quinquenniql census of manufactures ------------------- 443,748.01 Cotton statistics ------------------------------ 260 018 21 Tobacco statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4: 225: 73

715,979.56

a Paid from approprinlion for Doparlmont of Commerce; no sepamat,te appropriation for Burenu of the Census.

sr,g { REPORT O F TEE DIRECTOR OF TEE CENSUS. 31

Dlvision of vital statistics: : S u ~ e ~ v i ~ i o n -------------------------- -------------- 6,810.61 Mortality statistics ..................... ------------- If0 224 07 Life tables----------------------------- - - - - - - - - 9: 671: 63 --

Division of statistics of cities : $12C,015.21 Su,perviuion ------------------- --------------------- 5,020.72 Financial nnd general stntislics-------- ---------------- 85,321.70 State statistics---------- -------- - - - - - - - - - - 14,752.80

111,104.31 Geographer's diviston : Snlaries ----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30,645.06 Special population censuses--- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,259.04 Salaries of emplokees detailed to Department of Commerce ---,------,---- 11,305.29 Print ing and binding a -,--- --- ---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84,700.04

Title of nppropriation. E%pondf-

Apg,",P,ria- tmes during I I fisonl y oar.

............................................................... Totnl..

arJnid from npproprinlion for DoparLmont of Commerce; no separate appropriation for Bureau of the Oensns.

b Thcrc was also paid lrom thls appropriation 851,173.83 lor liabilities incurred diniiig tho nscal poor 1915

S ~ l ~ i i e 8 BLI~OUU of tho Census 1016.. ....................................... 0o11octiAg st&!sti~:~, onresu oi t l~o ~ousus, 1910.. ........................ .. . ........................... Oollocti~~g. ~t3i2stiCS r?ul.onlr of the Collws 1016-18 .......................... Tabulating tnachinbs, 13uroau of tho ~ens'is, 1010. ('onLingenL flspenses 1)ep~rtmeiiL 01 Commorce, 10100 ..................... ~rintlnr. nnd biudin'h.. ....................................................

AI'PROI'RIATIONS, FISCAL YEAR 19 17.

The appropriations for the fiscal year 1917 amountecl to $1,210,4(;0. Tlie item for snlaries was decreased froin $6'74,740 to $673,460. The change was due to the transfer of 7 employees to Mie roll of the De arlment, wit11 a resultant decrease of $7,080, and to an inereye of f 5,800 in the aniount appropriated for the salaries of the remam- ing employees. The net decrease, therefore, was $1,280.

The appropriation for collectillg statistics renlained uncllnnged, at $512,000.

The item for tabulating machines was i~icreased to $25,000, to provide for new construction, rebuilding, and overhauhng, in preparation for the worlr of the Fourteenth Census.

$Oi4 740 W 3rfi:ooo: w

b 150 WO W laJoOO:OO 13i730.18 84,766.94

Respectfully,

9604 4116 89 a55'180 ~4 ~7'415 8'4 lo's^!, 8 i 13'730 78 v' 84!760.94 v/

S~ar. L. ROGERS, Director of the Census.

Ib Hon. WLLLIA~~: 'C. REDJTELD, Secretary of Commerce.

director of the census · report ob the director of the census. 1 depart~zent of com~ierce, i....

Documents