disability - shamit and shitanshu

8/10/2019 Disability - Shamit and Shitanshu

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Data and Facts:Disabled population as per general estimates is 5-6%. Planning commission recognizes it as 5%.According to the World Bank estimate there are 40-80 million disabled people which constitute about 4-

8% of Indias population. Census 2001 puts the figure at 2.2% that is 21.9 million people. Of this visualimpairment makes up 48.5%, mobility impairment 27.9%, mental disability 10.3%, speech impairment7.5%, hearing impairment 5.8%.

There are 2130 disabled people per 100,000 of the population.

Male, 12.6

Females, 9.3

Number of disabled Male and females in2001 (millions)


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Across the country, the highest numbers of PWDs have been reported from the state of Uttar Pradesh(3.6 million). Significant numbers of PWDs have also been reported from Bihar (1.9 million), West Bengal(1.8million), Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra (1.6 million each). Tamil Nadu is the only state, which has ahigher number of disabled females than males. Among the states, Arunachal Pradesh has the highest

proportion of disabled males (66.6%) and lowest proportion of disabled females

According to National Disability Council, 86% of PWDs do not get good quality education .

10.4% of people with hearing disabilities were not employed in Canada in the year 2004.

Disabled people make up 15-20% of the poor in developing countries.

Taking the lowest estimates of PWDs in India which is 21.9 million people, we still have more disabledpeople in India than the combined population of Sweden, Norway and Switzerland

An estimated 10% of the worlds population experiences some form of disabi lity or impairment (WHO

Action Plan 2006-2011). The term disability has many different meanings; the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) however, uses the term disability to refer to loss of health, where health is conceptualized interms of functioning capacity in a set of health domains such as mobility, cognition, hearing and vision(WHO 2004). The number of people with disabilities is increasing due to population growth, ageing,emergence of chronic diseases and medical advances that preserve and prolong life, creatingoverwhelming demands for health and rehabilitation services (Srivastava and Khan 2008). In South-eastAsia, the prevalence of disability ranges from 1.5 21.3% of the total population, depending on

48.50%

27.90%

10.30%

7.50%5.80%

Percentage Distribution of disablitiesVisual Movement Mental Speech Hearing


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definition and severity of disability (Mont 2007). Despite the increase in prevalence of disabilityworldwide, due to various reasons, not much attention has been paid to its evaluation, managementand prevention (WHO 2002).

A recent study conducted by Contact a Family showed that 70% of families with disabled children

were not satisfied with the understanding and acceptance shown by society.


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A study conducted by the National Association for the Blind and National Centre for Promotion ofEmployment of disabled people in India found that women form a mere 29.50% of the Executive Bodiesand 22.15% of the General Bodies in the participating organizations (119 NGO s) in decision makingroles.

The employment percentages for disabled women show a dismal figure with 3.25% of disabled womenin Executive bodies and 10.46% in general bodies in decision making roles.

Out of the total people employed with these NGO's 52.08% are females and 47.92% are males.

Of the total professional staff only 12.8% are disabled out of which 8.78% are males and 4.02% arefemales.

Among s taff members 15.48% are PWDs .

The same study also found that just 38.76% of girls receive education, mostly in the field of art andhandicraft which reduces their career options.

Percentage of PWDs Earnings per month (INR)50.05 Less than 100036.64 Between 1000 and 20009.35 Between 2000 and 40003.81 Between 4000 and 60000.15 Above 6000

Total Women Disabled Women

Executive Bodies 29.5 3.25

General Bodies 22.15 10.46

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

P e r c e n t a g e

Percentage of Women working


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If we compare the above table to minimum wage fixed at the time by the govt. of India, we realize thegrim picture.

Minimum wages at that time was Rs 1937 per month for employees working more than 8 hours a day,Rs 2103 per month for semi skilled laborers, Rs 2361 per month for skilled laborers and Rs 2697 per

month for graduates.

Putting this in a broader perspective, 700000 PWDs had applied to employment exchanges in India outof which only 100000 were placed at the time of the study.

90% of PWDs who got a job had locomotor impairments, 5% had visual impairment (partial to totalblindness) and the remaining had hearing impairments. From this study we can conclude that out of the jobs available in these NGO's 14% are occupied by disabled people and companies prefer to hire peoplewith locomotor impairments rather than visual or hearing. The most disturbing fact was that none ofthese NGO's had the policy for preferential appointment of disabled persons which raises a questionwhether these NGO's trust the quality of the disabled persons they are training.

Illiteracy rates among people with disabilities stands at 52% as c ompared to 35% of Indias generalpopulation.

Even in high-income countries, the figures still illustrate the barriers disabled persons face.

In Australia, for example, only 53 per cent of PWDs are employed.

Similarly, in the United States, about 50 per cent of disabled persons have jobs; but only 26 per cent ofthose considered severely disabled are employed.

In the European Union, 42 per cent of PWDs are employed.

In South Africa, 19 percent of disabled persons were employed as on 2001


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According to the WHO mental illness makes up 38% of all illness in high income countries

90% of those who commit suicide suffer from mental illness.

Number of people who commit suicide each year is equal to people dying of homicide and warfarecombined. In 2000, 815,000 people killed themselves.

15 % of world's population is affected by disability.

Disabled

Non-disabled0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Australia USAEuropean

union south Africa

Disabled

Non-disabled


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NUMBER OF DISABLED POPULATION AND TYPE OF DISABILITY ININDIA

PopulationPercentage(%)

Total population 1,028,610,328 100

Total disabled population 21,906,769 2.1

Disability rate ( per lakh population) 2,130 --

Type of Disability

(a) In seeing 10,634,881 1

(b) In speech 1,640,868 0.2

(c) In hearing 1,261,722 0.1

(d) In movement 6,105,477 0.6

(e) Mental 2,263,821 0.2

Sourc e : Censu s of Ind ia 2001.


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Locomotor Visual Hearing Speech Mental

28

49

6 710

51

14 1510 10

Prevalence of different types of disability inIndia

Census(2001) NSSO(2002)


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Success Stories of PWDs:

ROSHAN RAJAN, VOICE AND ACCENT TRAINER, 24/7

Roshan is a visually impaired individual. This did not stop him from excelling and being top of his class at

NIIT. His efforts paid off with the help of an organization called EnAble who placed him for a job at 24/7.Initially he was very apprehensive, but after joining the organization realized that his co-workers arevery accommodating and kind.

In his words: one of the important things that visually impaired persons should consider when theycome to a work environment is to have the urge to out-perform and to look at the positive side ofanything that they do.

PARIMALA, HR CO-ORDINATOR, IBM

Parimala suffers from visual impairment. Inspite of this, she made every effort to become employable,

right from her graduation to taking up extracurricular activities such as Computer training and FM radiotraining. Shanti, owner of EnAble , found her a job with IBM. This allowed her to become financiallyindependent, brought about positive changes in her behavior and made her integrate better intosociety.

In her words

Believe in your abilities; learn to understand your stren gths and areas of improvement and worktowards making yourself employable on the basis of your strengths

DEEPA NARASIMHAN, WEB DESIGNER, EMC2

Deepa is 75% disabled due to Spinal Muscular Atrophy. It is a neuromuscular disease characterized bydegeneration of motor neurons resulting in progressive wasting away and extreme weakness ofmuscles. She has been using a wheelchair since the age of 10. She is a self trained graphic and webdesigner and works as a web designer for EMC2.

She has organized her life by improving mobility, personal hygiene, access, PC usage and her note takingability by using the right technology to assist her in her needs.Deepa wishes to contribute towardsbuilding a disabled-friendly society in India she has been studying the policies for greater inclusion ofthe disabled that exist in developed countries like the US and she wishes to help in building a similarsociety in India.


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disability - shamit and shitanshu

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