DISASTER RECOVERY

A PILLAR OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

PART 2: EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

The Timely and Effective Concentration of Resources

to Restore Critical Infrastructure, Financial

Systems, and Development to Normal (or Better) After a

Disaster

THE FOCUS:EMERGING FROM A DISASTER

WITH A TIMELY, COST-EFFECTIVE, AND SUSTAINED RECOVERY PROCESS

A RECOVERY-READY CITY KNOWS WHAT IS NEEDED TO A RECOVERY-READY CITY KNOWS WHAT IS NEEDED TO RESTORE SOCIETAL SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT RESTORE SOCIETAL SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT

BEFOREBEFORE DISASTER HAPPENS DISASTER HAPPENS

A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN A CITY’S PUBLIC POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BECOME …

UN—PREPAREDUN—PROTECTED

UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELYNON—RESILIENT AFTER A DISASTER

A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT

WHEN IT IS …PREPARED FOR THE INEVITABLE

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT ARE LIKELY TO OCCUR AT THE WRONG TIME AND IN THE WRONG PLACE RELATIVE TO

THE CITY’S SOCIAL CONSTRUCTS

A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT

WHEN …ITS PEOPLE, BUILDINGS,

INFRASTRUCTURE, ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES ARE PROTECTED BY CODES, STANDARDS, ETC AGAINST THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF

LIKELY NATURAL HAZARDS

A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT

WHEN …IT IS ABLE TO: A) RESPOND

INTELLIGENTLY IN REAL TIME TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY, B) MEET THEIR NEEDS IN AN EMERGENCY,

AND C) RESTORE THE CITY’S BASIC FUNCTIONS

A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT

WHEN …IT’S POLICIES NOT ONLY ENABLE IT TO RESPOND TO A DISASTER, BUT ALSO

TO FACILITATE A QUICK, COST-EFFECTIVE, AND

SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY PROCESS

NATURAL HAZARDS CAN CAUSE COMPLEX DISASTERS AND

CHALLENGING RECOVERY SITUATIONS

EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS

DAMAGED BUILDINGS

EARTHQUAKES

COLLAPSED BUILDINGS

FAILURE OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

LANDSLIDES (INCLUDING “QUAKE LAKES)

FLOODING FROM UTILITY FAILURE AND DAM FAILURE

FIRES

RADIATION RELEASE

RECOVERY MUST DEAL WITH

CASE HISTORIES

EARTHQUAKES STRIKE CHRISTCHURCH, NEW

ZEALAND

A SHALLOW (4.1 KM), M6.3 QUAKE LOCATED 5 KM FROM

CHRISTCHURCH WAS MORE DESTRUCTIVE THAN DEEP ONE

EPICENTRES: SEPT 2010 AND FEB 2011 EARTHQUAKES

CHRISTCHURCH CITY CENTRE: “A WAR ZONE”

CHRISTCHURCH CITY CENTRE: “A WAR ZONE”

PYNE GOULD GUINESS BUILDING: COLLAPSED

COLLAPSED BUILDING; CHRISTCHURCH

COLLAPSE: A BAPTIST CHURCH

CRUSHED CARS: CHRISTCHURCH

BARACADED BUILDING; CHRISTCHURCH

INTERIOR CONTENTS

SEARCH AND RESCUE WORKERS

40 MILLION TON ICE CHUNK DISLODGED FROM TASMAN GLACIER

DISLODGED ICE IN TASMAN LAKE

CHRISTCHURCH SUBURB, BEXLEY: FLOODED

TSUNAMI DISASTERSRECOVERY CAN INVOLVE MANY NATIONS (e.g., The Pacific Rim or

the Indian Ocean Countries)

LOSS OF BUILDINGS FROM WAVE RUN UP

TSUNAMIS

LOSS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FROM WAVE RUN UP

FLOODING

DEBRIS REMOVAL

HOMELESS

RECONSTRUCTION

RADIATION RELEASE

RECOVERY MUST DEAL WITH

CASE HISTORIES

M9.0 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI

IMPACTS JAPAN WITH THE TSUNAMI WAVES REACHING

PACIFIC RIM COUNTRIES4TH LARGEST QUAKE EVER 3

– 10 M TSUNAMI WAVES2:46 pm MARCH 11, 2011

FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR FACILITY HAD 3 FAILURES

FIRE: NEAR SENDAI AIRPORT

PASSENGERS STRANDED: SENDAI STATION

TSUNAMI WAVES:NATON MYIAGI PREFECTURE

OARAI INUNDATED BY TSUNAMI

TSUNAMI WAVES REACH COAST OF NORTHERN JAPAN

SENDAI AIRPORT

SENDAI AIRPORT: COVERED WITH MUD FROM TSUNAMI

SENDAI AIRPORT: COVERED WITH CARS, MUD, & DEBRIS

SEARCH AND RESCUE: RIKUZENTAKADA

SEARCH AND RESCUE: TOYOMA

COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NATURAL HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY IENCE

FOUR PILLARS OF FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE

FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCEFOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

RECOVERYRECOVERY

ALL ELEMENTS ARE ALL ELEMENTS ARE INTERRELATEDINTERRELATED

PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS PROTECTIONPROTECTION

EMERGENCY EMERGENCY RESPONSERESPONSE

ARE INTERCONNECTED ARE INTERCONNECTED