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1Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
The Government of NepalMinistry of Home Affairs
July 2018
Disaster risk reDuction national strategic
Plan of action2018 – 2030
2 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
3Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Disaster risk reDuction national strategic
Plan of action2018 – 2030
The Government of NepalMinistry of Home Affairs
July 2018
4 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
5Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
6 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
7Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
8 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
9Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
table of contents
Chapter 1: Background ........................................................................................... 1
1.1 Status of Disaster Risk ....................................................................................3
1.1.1 Road Accidents ................................................................................4
1.1.2 Epidemics .........................................................................................5
1.1.3 Earthquake .......................................................................................6
1.1.4 Landslide ..........................................................................................7
1.1.5 Flood .................................................................................................7
1.1.6 Snowstorm and Avalanche ...............................................................9
1.1.7 Droughts ...........................................................................................9
Chapter 2: A Review on Implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 and Existing Legal and Policy Framework .................13
2.1 Review of the implementation of National Strategy on Disaster Risk
Management 2009 ........................................................................................15
2.2 Existing Legal and Policy Framework ...........................................................16
2.3 Process of Formulating Strategic Action Plan ..............................................23
Chapter 3: Strategic Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction ..........................27
3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................29
3.2 Guiding Principles .........................................................................................29
3.3 Vision, Expected Outcome, Goal and Targets ..............................................31
3.4 Priority Areas .................................................................................................38
Chapter 4: Priority Area 1- Understanding Disaster Risk ..................................41
4.1. Hazard-wise Risk Assessment .....................................................................45
4.2 Inter-Agency Coordination for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment ....................62
4.3 Development of Effective Disaster Management Information
System and Information Dissemination ........................................................65
4.4 Capacity Building for Understanding Disaster Risk .....................................68
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Chapter 5: Priority Area 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal, Provincial and Local Levels ...............................................................735.1 Establishment and Strengthening of Institutional Structures .......................795.2 Formulation of Legal and Regulatory Framework ........................................855.3 Capacity Development, Collaboration and Partnership for Disaster Risk
Governance ..................................................................................................985.4 Ensuring Inclusiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction ....................................101
Chapter 6: Priority Area 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and Public Investments in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience ................1096.1 Promoting Investment in Increasing Resilience ..........................................1076.2 Promoting Public Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction ..........................1186.3 Promoting Private Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction .........................1216.4 Increasing Disaster Resilience through Risk Transfer,
Insurance and Social Security ....................................................................124
Chapter 7: Priority Area 4- Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to “Build Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction ....................................................................................................1297.1. Strengthening Disaster Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response ....1337.2 Developing Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Disaster
Preparedness..............................................................................................1387.3 Promotion of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction .........................1497.4 Strengthening Communication and Dissemination System for Disaster
Preparedness..............................................................................................1547.5 Capacity Building of Search and Rescue ...................................................1587.6 Promoting ”Build Back Better” Approach in Recovery, Rehabilitation
and Reconstruction .....................................................................................170
Chapter 8: Financing for Implementing the Strategic Action Plan ..................177
Chapter 9: Implementation, Monitoring, Review and Revision of Strategic Action Plan ...........................................................................................181
References ...........................................................................................................186
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acronyms
AD Anno Domini
AMCDRR Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
BCPR Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery
CBO Community Based Organization
CCA Climate Change Adaption
CDRRC Central Disaster Rescue and Response Committee
DDC District Development Committee
DDRC District Disaster Relief Committee
DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DOA Department of Agriculture
DOF Department of Forest
DOHS Department of Health and Service
DOMG Department of Mines and Geology
DSCWM Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed management
DUDBC Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
DWIDM Department of Water Induced Disaster management
FAO Food and Agriculture organization
FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry
GDP Gross Development product
GLOF Glacial Lake Outburst Flood
GON Government of Nepal
GPS Global Positioning System
HFA Hyogo Framework for Action
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HFF Himalayan Frontal Fault
ICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain Development
INGO International NonGovernmental Organization
LAPA Local Adaptation
LAMP Land Resource Mapping Project
LSGA Local Self Governance Act
MBT Main Boundary Thrust
MCT Main Central Thrust
MOALS&C Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management, and Cooperatives
MOFAGA Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
MOHA Ministry f Home Affairs
MOFE Ministry of Forest and Environment
MOUD Ministry of Urban Development
NAPA National Adaptation Program of Actions to Climate
NCA Natural Calamities Act
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
NSDRM National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management
DRRMA Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
LGOA Local Governance Operation Act
NUDS National Urban Development Strategy
OPMCM Office of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency
VDC Village Development Committee
WECS Water and Energy Commission Secretariat
WFP World Food Program
WHO World Health Organization
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BACkGROUNDChapter 1
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3Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
backgrounD
1.1 status of Disaster risk
The average distance from the great Himalaya range in the north to the plain
Terai in the South of Nepal is 170 kM. Within this short distance, Nepalese
people are facing various types of dangerous hazards due to diverse
geographical condition despite being rich in natural diversity. Since, Nepal
is at risk from different disasters due to natural hazards, every year, in average
more than 500 various disastrous incidents occur resulting loss of physical
infrastructures and human life and affecting livelihoods. In last 45 years
(1971 to 2015), more than 40,000 people have lost their life due to disasters.
This number is more than two persons losing life every day. In addition to
the high rate of casualties in the above-mentioned period, more than 75,000
people have been injured and about 3,000,000 have been affected. These
disasters have become severe burden to the people and the community all
over Nepal. In majority of the districts of Nepal, disasters occur recurrently,
where more than 90 % of the populations are in at high-risk of death due to
two or more than two types of disasters.
Among the major disasters, non-natural disasters are like epidemics,
droughts, forest fire, insect and micro-organism havoc, animal and bird
influenza, pandemic flu, snake bite, animal terror, mines, air, roads or industrial
accidents, fire, poisonous gas, chemical or radiation leakage, gas explosion,
consumption of poisonous food, environmental pollution, deforestation or
physical infrastructure damage and accident during rescue and natural
disasters are like snowstorm, hailstorm, avalanche, glacial lake outburst,
heavy rainfall, famine, flood, landslide, inundation, droughts, windstorm, cold
wave, heat wave, thunderbolt, earthquake, volcanic eruption, forest fire etc.
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Nepal has been ranked in 11th position as the most risk prone country in
the world in terms of earthquake, and 30th position in terms of flood and
landslide. In addition, due to the increasing development process, Nepal has
been facing non-natural disasters like environment pollution, deforestation,
dam and embankment bursts, bridge collapse, mines, air, roads, water and
industrial accidents.
During monsoon, various types of geophysical and climatic hazards occur
nationwide because of geologically dynamic Himalayan range, steep
topography, and fragile geographical structure. About 83% of Nepal lies
in hill and mountain regions and 17% in the plain Terai. Hilly region is at
risk of landslide and soil erosion whereas Chure and the Terai are at risk of
flood, droughts, fire and epidemics. Himalayan region is at risk of avalanche
and glacial lake outburst. All Nepal being in very active seismic zone, the
mountain and Himalayan settlements are at high risk of earthquake. Besides
these disasters, other human induced disasters also occur in the country.
The major hazards causing disasters are the following.
1.1.1 road accidents
With the increasing trend of urbanization and expansion of road networks,
the Road Accidents are increasing every year. The major causes of road
accidents are negligence of the driver, drunk driving, high-speed driving,
recklessness of pedestrians, unsystematic parking, poor road-crossing
system, narrow roads, slopped roads, poor drainage and poor visibility at
the bends.
According to the WHO report of 2014, the mortality rate by road accidents is
3.18 % of the total mortality rate. Adjusting this mortality rate with the mortality
rate of different age group, it becomes 22.32 people in 100,000 people.
Based on mortality rate caused by Roads Accident, Nepal has been ranked
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in 50th country of the world. Assessing the data from 2001 till the date, the
mortality rate by the Roads Accident is increasing. As per last five years
data, every year about 10,000 Road Accidents occur in Nepal. Because of
this, about 1,889 people lose their life whereas 13,000 get injured every year.
Analysis of these data shows that per day 27 accident and death of more
than 5 people occur in Nepal. Due to Road Accidents only, about 0.8 % of
the total GDP is lost every year.
1.1.2 epidemics
The people and the communities of Nepal are very insecure by the epidemic
hazards. Many people lose their life because of the infectious diseases born
out of water, insects, and micro-organisms. From 1971 to 2015, 16,564
people have lost their lives due to epidemics. Diarrhea, malaria, measles,
hepatitis, influenza, typhoid, asthma, cholera, sexually transmitted disease,
tuberculosis and leprosy are the common infectious diseases in Nepal.
From March to August 2008, the Mid-Western and Far-Western regions of
Nepal were affected by diarrhea. About 282 persons lost their life. 19 districts
were affected by the diarrhea. In Jajarkot district alone, 12,500 people were
affected and 128 people lost their lives. Likewise, 46 people lost their life in
Rukum district.
In January 2008, influenza (Bird Flu) was noticed in Nepal for the first time. The
virus affected the poultry farm in kakarbhitta, located in Jhapa district. 28,000
chickens of that area were killed to control the virus. Recently, influenza virus
has been found spread in kathmandu Valley, Chitwan, kabhre, Hetauda, and
in the other parts of the country. In addition, every year hundreds of people
are facing a situation of losing their life due to epidemics in some parts of
Nepal. It is necessary to develop a surveillance system for regular monitoring
of epidemics including influenza virus that impact animal and human health.
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1.1.3 earthquake
Nepal is located on an active seismic belt. There are three main fault lines in
Nepal which include the main central thrust on the base of Higher Himalaya
adjoining the Middle Mountains south of Himalaya, the main boundary
thrust at the confluence of Siwalik and Lesser Himalaya and the Himalaya
Frontal Fault in the south of Siwalik. Every fault line is active from the east
to the west, and therefore, the earthquakes of high and low intensity occur
in Nepal. Geologists have the opinion that these fault lines are created due
to the movement or sudden thrust of Indian plate diving underneath to the
Eurasian plate.
Indian plate is moving 20 millimeters to the north every year and the lower
part of Tibet (Southern border of Eurasia) collides with Asian plate, as a result
the required energy is generated to push the Himalaya to the uppermost
which causes the region to be the most unstable all over the world. The
measurement, using geostationary satellites by global positioning system
shows that the Himalaya, located at the middle of Nepal east of kathmandu,
is increasing by 7±2 millimeter every year. Therefore, in Nepal, earthquakes
of larger intensity had occurred in AD 1255, 1410, 1505, 1555, 1803, 1833,
1897, 1905, 1934, 1950, 2005, and 2015.
The April 25, 2015 Gorkha earthquake with the magnitude of 7.6 Richter scale
caused great loss of human life and property. Subsequently, 7.3 Richter scale
large aftershock centered around Sindhupalchok on May 12, 2015 along
with other continuous small aftershocks increased additional loss of life and
property. The earthquake created other disasters like avalanche, landslides
and road blockage. 31 districts of Nepal had been impacted and 14 were
declared as the most affected districts. Due to that earthquake, many
settlements became risky to inhabit whereas historical areas and heritage
sites of kathmandu valley were destroyed.
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8979 people lost their life and more than 22, 300 people were injured due
to the earthquake. At least 498,852 private houses and 2,656 government
buildings had been destroyed. Similarly, 256,697 private houses and 3,622
Government buildings were partially damaged. Besides this, more than
19,000 class rooms were damaged completely and more than 11, 000
classrooms were partially damaged.
1.1.4 landslide
Since 1971 to 2015, 4,832 people have lost their life due to landslide in Nepal.
There was a great loss of life and property in the eastern and central part of
Nepal due to flood and landslide in B.S. 2050. More than 2000 landslides of
small and large scale occurred in the highway and slopped hill. The inactive
old landslide also became active. 42,995 hectares of agricultural land had
been affected by heavy rain fall, landslide and flood. Many Irrigation system,
highway, bridges and other physical infrastructures had been affected. The
total estimated damage was about 5,000 million Nepalese rupees. 1,170
people lost their life and 500,000 were affected.
The highways like Prithvi, Arniko, Butwal - Pokhara and Narayangadh -
Mugling including other important highways of Hilly area are facing landslides
continuously. Due to heavy rainfall of July 2003, landslides had occurred
in more than 70 places in 36 kM section of Narayangadh- Mugling road.
Due to the disaster created by the devastating flood and landslide, some
new learning and experiences have been gained through awareness for
preventing them.
1.1.5 flood
There are more than 6,000 rivers in Nepal of small and big size with total
length of about 45,000 kilometer. These rivers are helpful for agriculture and
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irrigation facilities and to sustain the life but when these rivers get flooded,
the flood ruins most of the Terai and valleys. In Nepal, the drainage density is
0.3 km per square kilometer which shows that how close and flood sensitive
the drainages are. In addition to damaging the crops, the flood causes great
loss of humanitarian and physical assets and generally epidemics spread
out after flood. Particularly, the poor people are the most unsafe from it.
Since 1971 to 2015, a total of 4,344 people have lost their life due to flood.
Generally, flood occurs in Nepal due to high intensity rainfall, continuous
rainfall for several days, glacial lake outburst and landslide lake outburst.
We have an experience of flash flood and damages of life and property in
the Mediumhill region of Nepal. Because of the deposition of huge sediment
carried by the river flowing from the hilly area down to the plain Terai, especially
the floodplains in the Terai are affected by the floods. When summer
monsoon becomes very active, flooding occurs mostly in July, August and
mid-September. Flash flood occurs due to outburst of the temporary lakes
made by the glaciers and landslides also. Because of the flash flood caused
by the rivulets originated from Chure hill, the Bhawar region is at risk. These
rivers change their course frequently and bring too much sediment. After
these sediments get deposited at the plains, the height of the river bed and
bank increase continuously. When these rivers flow to the southern Terai,
then inundation, bank erosion and deposition of sand in the agricultural field
happen.
The Terai of Nepal gets inundated due to the congestion of drainage by
the embankments constructed near the border between Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh of India. The infrastructure development, especially construction
of road near the border also obstructs natural drainage. When river bed
rises, the communities become unsafe even on medium flow. For resolving
such problem, preventive measures like clearing the natural drainages are
necessary along with the specific activities for rescue and relief. The problem
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of flood is also widespread in hilly areas where the Glacial Lake Outburst
Flood may damage the lower part significantly.
1.1.6 snowstorm and avalanche
On 14 October, 2014, snow storm and subsequent avalanche occurred around
Annapurna and Dhaulagiri areas in Manang and Mustang districts of Nepal.
The storm was triggered by the Hudhud cyclone originated from the Bay of
Bengal on 6th October of the same year. Due to snow storm and avalanche,
at least 43 people including 21 pedestrians were killed. Approximately 50
persons were reported missing and 175 people were injured due to severe
cold. About 400 people were rescued from different areas of Manang and
Mustang. Such incidents affect tourism and national economy deeply. Such
disaster risks can be prevented with the proper investment on developing a
mechanism for shifting tourists and local community at safe places and on
weather forecasting and early warning system.
1.1.7 Droughts
Every year drought impacts the agriculture, environment and ecosystem
negatively in the Tarai and western hills of Nepal. December to June is
relatively dry and drought like situation develops during monsoon season
also if there is no rainfall for a long time. The Manang and Mustang districts
located in the Trans–Himalayan range are very dry throughout the year and
Terai and western hills are affected more in comparison to other areas.
It is experienced that drying of sources of water (mainly the source of
groundwater) is increasing in the middle mountains. The Ministry of
Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives has identified droughts as
the most hazardous for agriculture. Long droughts can impact the agricultural
production negatively and create the situation of food insecurity specifically,
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when only 38% of agricultural land has the access of irrigation throughout
the year and rest of the land depends on monsoon rain. About 5000 families
living in the hills and Terai are affected by droughts every year in Nepal. The
food production drops drastically due to droughts and the problem of famine
may increase more.
There was severe decline in food production all over the country due to lack
of rainfall in the winter of 2008. The production of wheat and barley was
dropped by 14 and 17% respectively. In some districts of mid and far western
Nepal, the food production dropped half from November 2008 to February
2009 due to rainfall less than half of the normal. The joint assessment of
the Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives, UN Food
& Agricultural Organization and World Food Program showed that about
20 lakh people were at high risk of food insecurity and additionally 35 lakh
people were badly affected due to inadequate food production. The report
of those organizations revealed that there was food crisis due to droughts in
40 districts out of 75 districts of Nepal.
In addition to aforementioned major climatic, geological and health hazards,
Nepal is also relatively insecure from the hazards like forest fire, thunderbolt,
hailstorms, windstorm, glacial lake outburst flood, air pollution and water
pollution.
The climatic change may cause the change in spatial and temporal patterns of
extreme weather events. In recent years, it has been found that the monsoon
pattern has been changed and the active monsoon duration is prolonged due
to late withdrawal of monsoon. The spatial pattern of high intensity extreme
rainfall is quite different from the annual or monsoon rainfall pattern. The Terai
and Chure region where generally less annual rainfall and rainy days are
expected, are suffering from high intensity extreme rainfall. The analysis of
the trend of recent precipitation data from 1981 to 2010 of 210 stations shows
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that pre-monsoon rainfall is increasing all over Nepal while post-monsoon
rainfall is decreasing. Additionally, a significant increasing trend of continuous
dry days and decreasing trend of rainy days are observed throughout Nepal
which indicates increase in dry period nationwide. Generally, intensification
of various rainfall indicators at different part of the country indicates location
specific risk of flood, landslide and droughts.
Disaster is a result of hazard and vulnerability. The most vulnerable group
consists of financially disadvantaged and poor families, marginalized and
socially excluded communities, women, children, elderly and people with
disability. Disaster risk depends on social, economic and political structure
and interrelationship between them. Disaster risk can be reduced by reducing
the exposure and vulnerability and increasing the resilience.
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13Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
A REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL STRATEGy FOR DISASTER RISk MANAGEMENT, 2009 AND ExISTING LEGAL AND POLICy FRAMEWORk
Chapter 2
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a review on imPlementation of national strategy for Disaster risk management, 2009 anD existing legal anD Policy framework
2.1 review of the implementation of national strategy on Disaster risk management 2009
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management (NSDRM) 2009 has adopted
a disaster risk reduction oriented comprehensive approach from relief and
rescue-oriented approach to in disaster risk management. The government
agencies working in disaster risk management, development partners,
national/international NGOs, the Red Cross movement, humanitarian
organizations and community based-organizations had participated and
supported the formulation and implementation of the strategy.
There have been several significant achievements on policy and institutional
arrangements in risk reduction sector through implementation of this
strategy. New constructions following National Building Code and retrofitting
programs of school and hospital buildings are important achievements in
the risk reduction sector. Similarly, the local disaster risk management plans
and district disaster preparedness and response plans implemented from
district to the community level and emergency operation centers established
and operated from the center to the district level are some significant efforts
for risk reduction. Likewise, this sector has been benefitted by the programs
related to capacity building of human resources involved in disaster
risk management at national to local levels. The Early Warning Systems
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established in some of the rivers and risk-prone glacial lakes have helped to
reduce the loss of life and property by flood and inundation.
Despite some noticeable progress after implementation of National Strategy
for Disaster Risk Management 2009, there hasn’t been progress as expected
on the first and second priority activities like institutional arrangements and risk
assessment due to inability of making the governance activities risk sensitive
as expected. The establishment and institutionalization of Geographic
Information System (GIS)-based disaster information management system
and development of actionable risk information and its effective dissemination
mechanism are still at the initial stages. Additionally, mainstreaming of Climate
Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in the overall development
process by integrating assessment of climatic and other risks have not been
achieved. It is necessary to integrate and effectively implement the policy,
institutional and legal arrangements related to Climate Change Adaptation
and Disaster Risk Reduction so that limited resources could be well utilized.
Though Nepal gained significant achievements in last ten years, there are
still more to be done to accomplish the vision of the strategy as a disaster
resilient Nepal.
2.2 existing legal and Policy framework
Under the policies for protection, promotion and use of natural resources,
the Constitution of Nepal 2015 has set the policy of early warning, disaster
preparedness, rescue, relief and rehabilitation for preventing water-induced
disasters, developing sustainable and reliable irrigation through river
management and minimizing the risks from disasters caused by natural
hazards. Schedule 7 of the constitution has enlisted natural and non-
natural disaster preparedness, rescue, relief and rehabilitation activities in
the concurrent powers of Federal and Provincial governments. Similarly,
Schedule 8 has enlisted disaster management as sole responsibility of the
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local government and Schedule 9 has included it in concurrent powers of
Federal, Provincial and Local governments.
With the implementation of Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 1982, Nepal
embarked institutionalization of Disaster Management. This act established
the Ministry of Home Affairs as a central agency for coordinating the
activities to protect life and property through post-disaster rescue and relief.
Similarly, other ministries, departments, academia, development partners,
UN Agencies, international humanitarian organizations, non-governmental
organizations and civil societies were given supporting role. The act has
bestowed rights to the formation of Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee
for formulation and implementation of policy at the central level and Natural
Disaster Relief Committees in regional, district and local level for coordination
and implementation.
As a result of international initiatives, with the adoption of Hyogo framework
in 2005, the concept of disaster management in Nepal is developing towards
“Disaster Risk Reduction”. In this context, the National Strategy for Disaster
Risk Management, 2009 has aimed to develop the resilient community
by identifying five priority areas for disaster risk reduction. In line with the
Hyogo Framework (2005-2015), this strategy set a vision of “Disaster
Resilient Nepal”. It has motivated to mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction
in the process of formulation and implementation of sectoral development
plans and encouraged for development and strengthening of institutional
mechanism, capacity building, effective implementation of emergency
preparedness, responses and recovery programs.
Sendai Framework 2015 has set four priority areas and a vision of developing
disaster resilient community and nation by ensuring participation of all-of-the-
society in disaster management. Nepal has also implemented Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act, 2017 as per the international commitment,
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experiences on past disasters and the Constitution of Nepal. The act has
covered all aspects of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. It has
made an arrangement of “National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Authority” as a specialized agency for Disaster Management and clarified
the roles and responsibilities of Federal, Provincial and the Local level.
The Tenth Five year Plan (2002-2007) has followed disaster management as
an interrelated policy. The plan had highlighted on water induced disasters
prevention, integrated management of natural and human induced disasters,
policy improvement, development of institutional mechanism, disaster
risk assessment and information dissemination, and disaster resistance
construction practices.
Three years Interim Plan (2007-2010) has accepted the necessity of Disaster
Risk Management for sustainable development by identifying disaster a
hindrance for achieving development goal. This plan had emphasized on
the cooperation and coordination between the major agencies and the
stakeholders. Additionally, prioritizing on disaster management, the 14th plan
(2016 - 2018) has adopted the policy of conducting special program on
capacity building for emergency search, rescue, treatment and immediate
relief and, mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in all the dimensions and
stages of development.
The Soil and Watershed Conservation Act 1982 has a legal arrangement
to conserve soil and watershed by controlling natural hazards like flood,
landslide and soil erosion. The Water Resources Act, 1992 has a provision
to utilize the water resources without having a significant adverse effect on
the environment due to soil erosion, flood, landslide or similar other reasons.
The Local Governance Act 1998 provided the rights to perform the activities
related to disaster risk reduction to the then local agencies (Village
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Development Committee, Municipality, and District Development Committees)
and people as the most appropriate entry point to formulate and implement
effective development plans at their areas. Additionally, it provided the rights
to establish Environment Conservation and Disaster Management Fund at
the District Development Committee, Village Development Committee, and
Municipality level..
The Local Government Operation Act, 2018 has replaced the local governance
act 1998. The Sub-section 2(p) of the Section 11 of Local Government
Operation Act, 2018, has included functions of all stages of disaster risk
reduction under the duty, responsibility and rights of rural and urban
municipalities. This act has also included the activities related to the building
construction permission, monitoring, and evaluation as per the National
Building Code and Standard including the policy, plan, program formulation,
implementation, monitoring, regulation and evaluation etc. related to safe
community development under the duty, responsibility and rights of the rural
and urban municipality. Similarly, the Building Act 1998 has a provision of
forming a Building Construction Management Strengthening Committee to
regulate the Building Construction work for reducing the possible damage
on buildings by the earthquake, fire and other natural disasters.
National Agriculture policy, 2004 has aimed to protect, promote, and utilize
the Natural Resource, Environment, and Bio-Diversity. It has mentioned
the establishment and operationalization of monitoring system for natural
hazards, extreme rainfall, droughts, disease, insects and other natural
hazards assessment and mobilization of agricultural relief.. In order to make
peasants resilient to climate change and disasters, the current Agricultural
Development Strategy (2015- 2035) has prioritized the activities for the
establishment of early warning system on weather and climate, research on
drought and flood resistant seeds, establishment of Peasants Welfare Fund,
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promotion of agricultural insurance, storage of food, seeds and fodder,
establishment of Preparedness and Responses Fund etc.
In order to reduce the risk from fire in industries and businesses, Industry
Policy, 2010 has made an arrangement of a modern fire brigade in industrial
zone and corridor in coordination with rural / urban municipality, and rebate
on income tax for the subsidy or financial help given by the industry during
any natural disaster and social service.
The Guidance Note - District Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning,
2011 has clearly assigned responsibilities to the all government agencies,
Red Cross, National/ International non-government organizations, and UN
agencies involved in the process of formulating disaster preparedness and
response plan at the district level. Based on this, Disaster Preparedness and
Responses Plans have been prepared and implemented in all districts. Nepal
Road Safety Action Plan (2013- 2020) has a vision of reducing loss of life
and property through the provision of safe road infrastructures and services
backed with effective post-crash responses. This action plan has set various
activities under five pillars such as road safety management, safer roads and
mobility, safer vehicles, safer road-users, and post-crash response.
National Disaster Response Framework, 2013 has clear arrangement for
managing disaster preparedness, and post-disaster search, rescue and relief,
assignment of responsibility and for effective coordination. The framework
has also clear arrangement for the process of appealing international support
for responses and its responsibility, its aspects to be considered, and the
coordination of international support. The framework has also clear provision
of clusters for sectoral coordination, mechanism for collection of disaster
information and its impact, and mobilization during emergency. Identifying
the priority activities of different timelines after disaster, it has identified post-
disaster activities and assigned responsibilities.
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Besides these, there are few other regulations or directives already in practice
to guide the activities of preparedness, responses and recovery. Among
them, the major legal arrangements are the National Strategic Action Plan
for Search and Rescue, 2014, Disaster Rescue and Relief Standard, 2007,
Disaster Victims Resettlement Procedure 2014, Prime Minister Disaster
Relief Fund Operation Regulations 2006, Post Disaster Corpse Management
Guidelines 2011, the Government’s decision of 83 open areas in kathmandu
valley, 2012, and Fire Brigade Operation and Management Procedure, 2010.
National Health policy 2014, has adopted the holistic management policy for
addressing health related negative impact caused by climate change through
proper use of national network, mechanism and appropriate opportunity and
preparation of a multi-sectoral plan to collaborate with all stakeholders as
well as proper arrangement to coordinate and cooperate effectively with all
stakeholders for the management of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases.
National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation policy, 2015 provides policy level
guidance for the post-disaster recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation.
National Reconstruction Authority has been established to reconstruct the
physical structures and settlements damaged by the April, 2015 earthquake,
and for implementation plan formulation and coordination of reconstruction
and rehabilitation program.
Water Induced Disaster Management Policy 2015 has presented various
policies to reduce the loss of life and property through prevention of water
induced disasters like flood and landslide by structural and non-structural
technology and for sustainable use of infrastructures like natural resources,
drinking water, water transport, irrigation, road transport etc. by conserving
river, watershed and aquatic environment.
22 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
National Urban Development Strategy, 2016 has considered resilience
among one of the five guiding principles for a balanced and prosperous
urban future. This strategy has emphasized on integrating resilience in urban
system and community plan formulation and development for building
disaster risk adaptive city and community.
In September 2015, 193 member countries of United Nations endorsed the
Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. The Government of Nepal has
adopted those goals for inclusive long term development of the nation.
The disaster risk reduction activities will support to achieve Sustainable
Development Goals 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13 and 15 directly.
The Government of Nepal has prepared and implemented Climate Change
Policy, 2011, National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change
2010, and National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans for Action 2011,
to address the impacts of extreme climatic events and climate change to
implement adaptation actions and integrate climate change adaptation into
the local development plan. The Climate Change Policy includes the issues
for mitigating adverse effect of hazardous glacial lakes on priority basis based
on the study of current situation of glaciers and glacial lakes, developing
and implementing necessary mechanism and their regular supervision and
strengthening of the working capacity for early warning and prevention by
forecasting the water induced disaster and risk due to climate change.
In October 2016, the new urban agenda adopted by the UN Habitat III for the
housing and sustainable urban development has also envisaged adopting
and implementing the disaster risk reduction and management, lessening
crisis situation, building resilience and response capacity on natural and
human-induced disaster, and cities promoting the climate change reduction
and adaptation.
23Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
In March 2015, 187 member countries of United Nations have adopted
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 in the third world
disaster reduction conference. It has set four priority areas and seven global
targets for reduction of disaster risks and losses. Nepal also being a signatory
state of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, has prepared this
“Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 - 2030.
2.3 Process of formulating strategic action Plan
The Government of Nepal has realized the need for new roadmap to move
forward by replacing National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management
2009 based on post-2015 global frameworks for disaster risk reduction
and management. This National Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Risk
Reduction has been prepared based on the experience gained through the
implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009, the
experiences and lessons from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Paris Agreement
on Climate Change, Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai Framework.
This will ensure active participation of all stakeholders in its implementation
by identifying and mainstreaming risk sensitive activities in the development
process of federal, provincial and local level for risk reduction. .
A Working Committee led by the head of the Disaster Management Division of
Ministry of Home Affairs was formed for the preparation of this strategic plan
of action. It was comprised of the representatives from different government
entities (Office of Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, National Planning
Commission, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Ministry
of Urban Development, Ministry of Health and Population, and Ministry of
Forest and Environment) and development partners (Donor agency, Office
of the UN Resident Coordinator, UNDP, Association of International Non-
Governmental Organization Task Group on Disaster Management, Disaster
Preparedness Network Nepal, Nepal Red Cross Society, and private sector).
24 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
The following six thematic working groups were formed under the working
committee.
1. Productive Sector (Agriculture, Food Security and livelihood, Industry):
Thematic lead - Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and
Cooperatives, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Industry, Commerce and
Supply.
2. Social Sector (Education, Health, Water Supply and Sanitation, Social
Welfare): Thematic lead - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology,
Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Health and Population.
3. Infrastructure Sector (Urban Development, Transportation, Irrigation,
Energy, Housing and Cultural Heritage): Thematic lead - Ministry of
Urban Development, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Energy, Water
Resources and Irrigation, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation.
4. Natural Resource and Environment Sector (Land Use, Forest and
Environment): Thematic lead - Ministry of Federal Affairs and General
Administration, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Forest and Environment.
5. Gender and Social Inclusion and Governance Sector: Thematic lead -
National Planning Commission, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Women,
Children and Senior Citizen
6. Emergency Communication, Preparedness, Response and Recovery
Sector: Thematic lead - Ministry of Home Affairs, Thematic co-lead -
Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
These Thematic Working Groups consisted of the representatives from other
concerned agencies of the Government of Nepal, Development Partners, UN
Agencies, National / International Non-Governmental Organizations, Disaster
Preparedness Network Nepal, Nepal Red Cross society and private sectors.
These Thematic Working Groups have recommended strategic activities
related to their sector to include in this strategic action plan by collecting
25Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
the suggestions through different stages of discussion and consultation
meetings.
As recommended by Sendai Framework, consultation workshops were
organized at national, regional and district level with the participation of
stakeholders of all sectors, where representatives from multi-stakeholders
agencies provided recommendations to include in "National Policy and
Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction” based on learned
issues and challenges from their best practices identifying main problems
and solutions.
This strategic action plan has been given its final shape based on the
views, advices and suggestions of all with broad discussion at different
stages and level on the draft prepared by including the suggestions and
recommendations of stakeholders’ consultation meetings, workshops and
Thematic Working Groups.
26 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
27Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR DISASTER RISk REDUCTION
Chapter 3
28 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
29Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
strategic action Plan for Disaster risk reDuction
3.1 introduction
The strategic action plan for disaster risk reduction is a national document
of the Government of Nepal with commitment for disaster risk reduction and
management to support accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals by
building disaster resilient community. This action plan has emphasized on the
comprehensive approach of "Risk Reduction" in Disaster Management. While
preparing the action plan, it has incorporated a comprehensive approach of
Risk Reduction in Disaster Management in accordance with the international
declarations and commitments such as Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction 2015-2030, Asia Regional Plan adopted on Asian Ministerial
Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2016, and the Cancun Declaration
adopted by fifth meeting of Global Forum on Disaster Risk Reduction.
This strategic action plan takes into account of the experiences gained from
the implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009,
experiences and lessons learned from recent major disasters including
the Gorkha earthquake, and initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation and
Sustainable Development Goals. The action plan has clearly defined four
main priority areas, its supporting areas and strategic activities and assigned
the responsibilities to various agencies.
3.2 guiding Principles
The implementation of disaster risk reduction strategic action plan will be
guided by the following principles:
30 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
1. The state has the primary responsibility to prevent, reduce and manage
disaster risks. The state shall pursue international, regional and bilateral
cooperation and partnership if deemed necessary.
2. The Government of Nepal shall pursue the disaster risk reduction and
management work in participation and cooperation of its Federal,
Provincial and Local level authorities, stakeholder organizations and
communities, private sectors and international organizations..
3. Disaster Risk Management shall aim at protecting persons and their
property, health, livelihood and productive assets, as well as cultural
and environmental assets, while promoting and protecting all human
rights, including the right to development.
4. Disaster risk reduction and management shall be pursued with an all-
of-society engagement and partnership. It also includes empowerment
and inclusive, accessible and non-discriminatory participation, paying
special attention to people disproportionately affected by disasters,
especially the poorest. A gender, age, disability and cultural perspective
shall be integrated in all policies and practices, and women and youth
leadership shall be promoted.
5. The state shall ensure full engagement of all institutions of executive
and legislative nature at federal, provincial and local levels and a clear
articulation of responsibilities across public and private stakeholders
to ensure mutual outreach, partnership, complementary in roles and
accountability.
6. Local authorities and local communities shall be empowered to reduce
disaster risk, including thorough resources, incentives and decision-
making responsibilities, as appropriate.
7. Disaster risk reduction requires a multi-hazard approach and inclusive
risk-informed decision-making based on the open exchange and
dissemination of disaggregated data, including by sex, age and
31Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
disability, as well as on easily accessible, up-to-date, comprehensible,
science-based, non-sensitive risk information, complemented by
traditional knowledge.
8. There shall be coherence between Sustainable Development Goals,
Food Security, Health Security, Climate Change Adaptation, Environment
Management and Disaster Risk Reduction.
9. Local and specific characteristics of disaster risks shall be considered
for the determination of measures to reduce disaster risk.
10. Disaster risk-informed public and private investments shall be
increased to address underlying disaster risk factors and to contribute
to sustainable development.
11. In the post-disaster recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase,
“Build Back Better” approach shall be followed to prevent the creation
of and to reduce disaster risk.
12. Public education and awareness of disaster risk shall be increased.
13. Application of science and technology shall be promoted and local
resources, materials, knowledge, skills and labor shall be used optimally
in disaster risk reduction and management.
3.3 vision, expected outcome, goal and targets
visionThe long-term vision of the strategic action plan is to build a safer, adaptive
and resilient nation from disaster risk for sustainable development.
expected outcome
The expected outcome of the Strategic Action Plan shall be to reduce disaster
mortality and number of affected people substantially, and to mitigate the
disaster risk and losses in livelihoods, health, assets, businesses and
communities.
32 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
goal
The goal of the strategic Action plan is to prevent new and reduce existing
natural and non-natural disaster risks and losses significantly in life and
property, health, livelihood and means of production, physical and social
infrastructure, cultural and environmental heritage through identification
of various strategic activities and formulation and implementation of the
periodic and annual plan that prevent disaster risk, increase preparedness
for response, rehabilitation and reconstruction and strengthen resilience.
targets
Analysis of last 45 years (1971- 2015) dataset maintained by the Ministry of
Home Affairs, Government of Nepal revealed that about 900 people (except
roads accident) lose their life each year due to disasters. Similarly, in average
about 6, 40,000 people are affected annually by the disasters whereas about
30, 000 houses get damaged or destroyed. Due to the roads accident only,
every year about 2000 people lose their life and 13,000 people get injured in
Nepal.
The sectors more affected and damaged economically by the disaster are
productive, social, and infrastructure. The analysis of the economic values
of damage and losses during 1971-2010 showed that around 2% of GDP
is lost every year due to disasters. Greater values of economic losses were
reported by 1988 and 2015 earthquakes and floods of 1993, 2008 and 2017.
About one-third GDP was lost due to 2015 Gorkha earthquake whereas 2017
Terai floods only resulted about 3% loss in GDP.
This Strategic Action Plan has set the following targets on reducing disaster
loss considering the targets set by Nepal on Sustainable Development Goals
2030 and School Sector Development Plan as well.
33Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
s.n. indicatorbaseline
(average till 2015)
short term( by 2020)
medium term
(by 2025)
long term (by 2030)
1. Substantially reduce national disaster mortality rate
1.1
Annual average disaster mortality (except roads accident)
900 400 300 225
1.2.Annual average mortality by roads accident
2,000 1,700 1,200 700
2. substantially reduce the number of disaster affected people nationally
2.1
Annual average number of families directly affected by disaster
132,000 110,000 80,000 65,000
2.2Annual average number of injured people by disaster
1,800 1,600 1,100 900
2,3
Annual average number of people injured by road accident
13,000 11,000 8,000 5,000
2.4
Annual average number of houses damaged by disaster
30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000
3. significantly reduce the direct disaster economic loss in national gDP
3.1
Annual average direct disaster economic loss in national GDP
2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1%
34 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
s.n. indicatorbaseline
(average till 2015)
short term( by 2020)
medium term
(by 2025)
long term (by 2030)
4. substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, including through developing their resilience
4.1
Developing resilience of health facilities by retrofitting
750 900 1200
4.2
Developing resilience of classrooms by maintenance and retrofitting
19,500 25,000 30,000
4.3
Developing resilience of school buildings by retrofitting
750 1,250 1,750
4.4
Developing the model schools for disaster risk reduction among the existing schools
500 1,000 1,500
4.5
Developing resilience of public and Government buildings by retrofitting
2,500 5,000 7,000
4.6
Developing resilience of cultural heritages by retrofitting
130 200 300
4.7
Developing resilience of airports by retrofitting
7 14 21
35Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
s.n. indicatorbaseline
(average till 2015)
short term( by 2020)
medium term
(by 2025)
long term (by 2030)
4.8
Developing resilience of existing power houses and dams by retrofitting
21 56 91
4.9Developing resilience of power sub-stations
42 112 182
4.10
Developing resilience of water supply structures by repairing and renovation
3000 4500 6000
4.11
Percentage of the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management Plan
25 40 60
4.12
Glacial Lake Outburst Flood risk reduction in high-risk glacial lakes (number)
2 3 5 7
4.13
Protection of riverbank by bio-engineering technique (kM)
1,675 4,500 7,225 10,000
4.14Protection of Watersheds (Number)
3,346 3,900 4,448 5,000
4.15
Protection of lakes, Wetlands, and ponds (Number)
1,727 2800 3909 5000
36 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
s.n. indicatorbaseline
(average till 2015)
short term( by 2020)
medium term
(by 2025)
long term (by 2030)
4.16Developing climate smart villages
50 113 170
4.17Developing climate smart agriculture
150 333 500
5. Prepare disaster risk reduction strategy and action plan at provincial and local levels
5.1
The percentage of province and local levels having DRR strategy and action plan
100 100 100
5.2
Percentage of development of mechanism to increase inter and intra coordination and partnership between federal, provincial and local levels and stakeholders
100 100 100
5.3
Percentage of Government agencies involved in resource management and implementation for recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction based on “Build Back Better” principle
100 100 100
37Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
s.n. indicatorbaseline
(average till 2015)
short term( by 2020)
medium term
(by 2025)
long term (by 2030)
6. substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments
6.1
Percentage of the area that has established multi-hazards monitoring and early warning system in proportion to the total area of the country
50 70 100
6.2
Percentage of population receiving early warning via local or national information system in proportion to the population of disaster affected area
20 50 80 100
6.3
Percentage of local levels in disaster risk prone areas having forecast based preparedness plan
100 100 100
38 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
s.n. indicatorbaseline
(average till 2015)
short term( by 2020)
medium term
(by 2025)
long term (by 2030)
6.4
Percentage of local levels capable of disseminating locally useful disaster risks information and assessment to the general people
20 50 100
6.5
Percentage of population evacuated to safe places from disaster prone areas after receiving early warning
25 50 100 100
3.4 Priority areas
The Strategic Action Plan has adopted holistic approach to support sustainable
development by mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in the development
process. Taking Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction as a main
guidance, this action plan has identified 4 priority areas and 18 priority actions.
Under each Priority Action, the following Strategic Activities are proposed for
2018 to 2020 as short-term, 2018 to 2025 as medium-term, 2018 to 2030 as
long-term and continuous for those which are implemented regularly.
Priority Area 1: Understanding Disaster RiskPriority Action 1: Hazard-wise Assessment of Risk
Priority Action 2: Inter-Agency Coordination for Multi-Hazard Risk
Assessment
39Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Priority Action 3: Development of Effective Disaster Management
Information System and Information Dissemination
Priority Action 4: Capacity Building for Understanding Disaster Risk
Priority Area 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal, Provincial and Local LevelPriority Action 5: Establishing and Strengthening Organizational
Structures
Priority Action 6: Developing Legal and Regulatory Frameworks
Priority Action 7: Capacity Building, Collaboration and Partnership for
Disaster Risk Governance
Priority Action 8: Ensuring Inclusiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction
Priority Area 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and Public Investments in Disaster Risk Reduction for ResiliencePriority Action 9: Promoting Investment for Building Resilience
Priority Action 10: Promoting Public Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction
Priority Action 11: Promoting Private Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction
Priority Action 12: Increasing Disaster Resilience through Risk Transfer,
Insurance and Social Security
Priority Area 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to “Build Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and ReconstructionPriority Action 13: Strengthening Disaster Preparedness for Effective
Disaster Response
Priority Action 14: Development of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for
Disaster Preparedness
Priority Action 15: Promoting Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction
40 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Priority Action 16: Strengthening Communication and Dissemination
System for Disaster Preparedness
Priority Action 17: Capacity Building for Search and Rescue
Priority Action 18: Promoting” Build Back Better” Approach in Recovery,
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Right identification of disaster risk is a first step towards risk reduction. It will
guide the decision processes related to disaster risk reduction in a proper
way. In addition, it will rightly guide effective preparedness for responses. The
Figure 1 presents priority areas for disaster risk reduction in Nepal and how
comprehensive understanding of disaster risk guides other priority areas.
Priority Area 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal Provincial and Local Level.
Priority Area 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and Public Investments in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience.
Priority Area 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to "Build Back Better" in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.
Priority Area 1: Understanding Disaster RiskComprehensive understanding of disaster risk through common national framework for risk assessment.
Figure 1 Priority Areas for Disaster Risk Reduction in Nepal
41Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
PRIORITy AREA 1: UNDERSTANDING DISASTER RISk
Chapter 4
42 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
43Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Priority area 1: unDerstanDing Disaster risk
Understanding disaster risks requires better information, especially how risks
associated with natural and non-natural hazards interact with communities
that are facing rising exposure to these hazards. Since most ministries,
departments, provincial and local governments have very limited information
about their exposure to natural and non- natural hazards and impact of risks,
realizing the priority area on understanding risk, it is necessary to adopt
new approaches that help to make decisions on reducing risks. For risk
assessments and information, following internationally agreed approach
in Nepal, it is necessary to include mainly three elements of risk: hazard,
exposure and vulnerability.
Impact Modeling and Risk Assessment can be done for understanding
disaster risk. Impact modeling is the estimation of an impact on individuals,
structures, livelihoods etc. by any hazard while risk assessment is the
aggregation of the impacts of all potential events. The risk assessment allows
determining the annual average loss and probable maximum loss from
individual or multiple hazards. The decision makers can take appropriate
decision before any incident occurs based on the result of Impact Modeling.
Impact models can be very useful for financial planning and protection,
prioritizing investment for disaster risk reduction and cost-benefit analysis
of various risk reduction options. They are the basis for preparedness, focus
risk reduction investment, and formulate and implement policies that prevent
the creation of new risks.
To undertake effective risk assessment, data must be open and easily
available legally and technically. While analyzing such data using open source
44 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
technology, they must be able to be reused, reprinted, and redistributed
without cost. Data needs to be collected, analyzed, and curated by the people
facing the risks. Only through this process of having the data been available
to all and curated by those who are potentially affected can behavior fully
change.
As per the nature of hazard, it is necessary to conduct risk assessment
and mapping in Nepal for each hazard including risk related information
covering knowledge on vulnerability and capacity, and social, economic
and demographic information. The disaggregated data should be collected
based on gender, age, disability, and other indicators. Comprehensive
database system on hazard, vulnerability, and capacity is still to be
developed regarding at the national and local level. Similarly, integrated
disaster risk information dissemination system, and capacities for judicial
use of media and the modern information technologies have not been fully
developed. Identification of disaster risk and its monitoring is still remained
to be institutionally strengthened. Addressing these issues, for increased
understanding of disaster risk, the strategic activities are selected for Short
Term (2018-2020), Medium Term (2018-2025), Long Term (2018-2030) and
Continuous for those activities that need to be done continuously under the
following Priority Actions.
a. Hazard-wise Risk Assessment
b. Inter-Agency Coordination for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment
c. Development of Effective Disaster Management Information System
and Information Dissemination
d. Capacity Building for Understanding Disaster Risk
45Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
4.1.
Haz
ard-
wis
e r
isk
asse
ssm
ent
In N
epal
, ba
sed
on t
he n
atur
e of
haz
ard,
it
is n
eces
sary
to
cond
uct
the
expo
sure
, vu
lner
abili
ty a
nd r
isk
asse
ssm
ent a
nd m
appi
ng fo
r eac
h ha
zard
and
mak
e th
em a
vaila
ble
publ
icly.
Lan
d us
e zo
ning
bas
ed o
n R
isk
Sen
sitiv
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nd U
se P
lan
is a
lso
nece
ssar
y. T
he fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re s
elec
ted
for t
he h
azar
d-w
ise
risk
asse
ssm
ent.
Roa
ds A
ccid
ent R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
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le
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Supp
ortin
g A
genc
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h R
eal T
ime
Roa
d
Sur
veill
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Sys
tem
in
pote
ntia
l are
as o
f roa
ds
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dent
Rea
l-tim
e
info
rmat
ion
on ro
ad
acci
dent
s w
ill b
e
avai
labl
e
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l
Infra
stru
ctur
e
and
Tran
spor
t of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al C
once
rned
Min
istri
es o
f
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
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d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
Haz
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essm
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map
ping
and
del
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of h
azar
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e by
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tial a
reas
of ro
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ccid
ent a
nd m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Haz
ard
map
of t
he
road
acc
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t will
be a
vaila
ble
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rt te
rmM
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f Phy
sica
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and
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once
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istri
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f
Gov
ernm
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f Nep
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vinc
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gove
rnm
ents
46 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Epid
emic
s R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
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Age
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Supp
ortin
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Est
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ime
Out
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k an
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se
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veill
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tem
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n
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avai
labl
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tinuo
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inis
try o
f Hea
lth
and
Popu
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n of
Gov
ernm
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f Nep
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inis
tries
of G
over
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Nep
al; P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
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Haz
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and
del
inea
tion
of h
azar
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as fo
r
epid
emic
s pr
one
area
s
and
mak
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dem
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azar
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Con
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Nep
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and
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Ass
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and
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ex, a
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ake
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aggr
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ium
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mM
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f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
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inis
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ome
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irs o
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ernm
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ed M
inis
tries
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al; P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l gov
ernm
ents
47Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Com
plet
e th
e ep
idem
ic
risk
asse
ssm
ent a
nd
map
ping
for e
pide
mic
s
pron
e ar
eas
and
mak
e
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Info
rmat
ion
on
epid
emic
risk
leve
l(Hig
h, m
ediu
m
and
aver
age)
in a
n
open
sou
rce
form
at
will
be
avai
labl
e
publ
icly
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n an
d M
inis
try
of H
ome
Affa
irs o
f
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Eart
hqua
ke R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ities
Expe
cted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Exp
and
and
mod
erni
ze
natio
nwid
e ne
twor
k of
R
eal-T
ime
Ear
thqu
ake
Mon
itorin
g S
yste
m
Con
tinuo
us
earth
quak
e in
form
atio
n w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
natio
nwid
e
Con
tinuo
usD
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gyC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Ass
essm
ent,
Map
ping
an
d de
linea
tion
of
haza
rdou
s ar
eas
of
earth
quak
e ha
zard
and
m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e
publ
icly
Ear
thqu
ake
haza
rd
asse
ssm
ent a
nd
map
s w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
at n
atio
nal
and
loca
l lev
el
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gyC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, U
nive
rsiti
es,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
48 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ities
Expe
cted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Ass
essm
ent,
Map
ping
an
d de
linea
tion
of
haza
rdou
s ar
eas
of s
oil
lique
fact
ion
and
mak
e th
em p
ublic
ly a
vaila
ble
Soi
l liq
uefa
ctio
n as
sess
men
t and
m
aps
will
be
avai
labl
e at
fede
ral,
prov
ince
and
loca
l le
vel
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Soi
l Con
serv
atio
n an
d W
ater
shed
Man
agem
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Uni
vers
ities
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Ass
ess
geo-
refe
renc
ed
earth
quak
e ex
posu
re
and
vuln
erab
ility
for
earth
quak
e pr
one
infra
-st
ruct
ures
, and
she
lters
ba
sed
on s
ex, a
ge a
nd
disa
bilit
y an
d m
ake
them
av
aila
ble
publ
icly
The
disa
ggre
gate
d da
ta o
f ear
thqu
ake
expo
sure
and
vu
lner
abili
ty w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n, M
inis
try o
f U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t, an
d th
e D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
an
d G
eolo
gy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
Uni
vers
ities
, C
entra
l B
urea
u of
Sta
tistic
s
Ear
thqu
ake
Ris
k A
sses
smen
t and
m
appi
ng o
f the
ea
rthqu
ake
vuln
erab
le
infra
stru
ctur
es, h
isto
rical
an
d cu
ltura
l her
itage
s,
shel
ters
, sch
ool,
hosp
itals
, hea
lth p
osts
, an
d w
ater
sup
ply
stru
ctur
es a
nd m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Info
rmat
ion
on
earth
quak
e ris
k le
vel
(Hig
h, m
ediu
m a
nd
low
) in
an
open
so
urce
form
at w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
publ
icly
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n, M
inis
try
of U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t, D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy a
nd D
epar
tmen
t of
Arc
haeo
logy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts
49Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ities
Expe
cted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Pre
pare
ear
thqu
ake
risk
sens
itive
land
- use
pl
ans
and
mak
e th
em
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
The
earth
quak
e ris
k se
nsiti
ve la
nd
use
plan
s w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
e of
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
an
d de
partm
ents
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
Land
slid
e R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h R
eal –
Tim
e
Land
slid
e M
onito
ring
Sys
tem
and
mak
e it
publ
icly
ava
ilabl
e
Rea
l-tim
e in
form
atio
n
on la
ndsl
ide
will
be
avai
labl
e
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f Ene
rgy,
Wat
er R
esou
rce
and
Irrig
atio
n of
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent o
f
Soi
l Con
serv
atio
n a
nd
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Min
es a
nd
Geo
logy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
50 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Haz
ard
asse
ssm
ent,
map
ping
and
del
inea
tion
of t
he m
ajor
land
slid
e
pron
e ar
eas
and
mak
e
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Land
slid
e ha
zard
map
will
be
avai
labl
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Ene
rgy,
Wat
er R
esou
rce
and
Irrig
atio
n of
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent o
f
Soi
l Con
serv
atio
n a
nd
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Min
es a
nd
Geo
logy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Uni
vers
ities
, Pro
vinc
e an
d
Loca
l gov
ernm
ents
Ass
ess
geo
refe
renc
ed
expo
sure
and
vul
nera
bilit
y
of la
ndsl
ide
pron
e in
fra-
stru
ctur
es, a
nd s
helte
rs
base
d on
sex
, age
, and
disa
bilit
y an
d m
ake
them
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
Dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
of la
ndsl
ide
expo
sure
and
vuln
erab
ility
will
be a
vaila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al/N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l
Con
serv
atio
n an
d
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
, Cen
tral
Bur
eau
of S
tatis
tics,
Uni
vers
ities
, Pro
vinc
e an
d
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
51Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Land
slid
e ris
k as
sess
men
t
and
map
ping
for
vuln
erab
le in
fra-
stru
ctur
es, s
helte
rs,
scho
ol, h
ospi
tals
, hea
lth
post
s an
d w
ater
sup
ply
stru
ctur
es a
nd m
ake
them
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
Info
rmat
ion
on
land
slid
e ris
k le
vel
(Hig
h, m
ediu
m a
nd
low
) in
an
open
sour
ce fo
rmat
will
be
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al/N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al ,
Dep
artm
ent o
f
Wat
er In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil c
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
, Cen
tral
Bur
eau
of S
tatis
tics,
Uni
vers
ities
, Res
earc
h
Cen
ters
, Pro
vinc
e an
d
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Soi
l ero
sion
ass
essm
ent
and,
map
ping
for m
ajor
wat
ersh
eds
and
mak
e
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Soi
l ero
sion
map
s of
maj
or w
ater
shed
s w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
publ
icly
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of S
oil
Con
serv
atio
n an
d
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f For
est
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Uni
vers
ities
, Res
earc
h
Cen
ters
, Pro
vinc
e an
d
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
52 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
lan
dslid
e ris
k
sens
itive
land
use
pla
ns
and
mak
e th
em a
vaila
ble
publ
icly
Land
slid
e ris
k
sens
itive
land
use
plan
s w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
,
Land
Man
agem
ent
and
Coo
pera
tive
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, D
epar
tmen
t of
Wat
er In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil c
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Floo
d R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Exp
and
and
mod
erni
ze
Rea
l- Ti
me
Wat
er L
evel
an
d R
ainf
all O
bser
vatio
n S
yste
m in
maj
or fl
ood
pron
e riv
er b
asin
s
Rea
l-tim
e da
ta o
n w
ater
leve
l of m
ajor
riv
ers
and
rain
fall
will
be
ava
ilabl
e
Con
tinuo
usD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
min
istri
es o
f G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, D
epar
tmen
t of
Wat
er
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
53Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Floo
d ha
zard
ass
essm
ent,
m
appi
ng a
nd d
elin
eatio
n of
floo
d pr
one
area
s fo
r m
ajor
floo
d pr
one
river
s an
d m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Floo
d ha
zard
map
s of
maj
or fl
ood
pron
e riv
ers
will
be
avai
labl
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Ene
rgy,
Wat
er
Res
ourc
e an
d Irr
igat
ion
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
and
W
ater
and
Ene
rgy
Com
mis
sion
Sec
reta
riat
Ass
ess
geo-
refe
renc
ed
flood
exp
osur
e an
d vu
lner
abili
ty fo
r floo
d ha
zard
pro
ne in
fra-
stru
ctur
es a
nd s
helte
rs
base
d on
sex
, age
and
di
sabi
lity
and
mak
e th
em
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
Dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
of fl
ood
expo
sure
and
vu
lner
abili
ty w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Dep
artm
ent o
f W
ater
In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent,
Cen
tral
Bur
eau
of S
tatis
tics,
U
nive
rsiti
es, P
rovi
nce
and
Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Floo
d ris
k as
sess
men
t an
d m
appi
ng fo
r floo
d vu
lner
able
infra
stru
ctur
es,
shel
ters
, sch
ools
, ho
spita
ls, h
ealth
pos
ts a
nd
wat
er s
uppl
y st
ruct
ures
an
d pr
ovid
e th
em p
ublic
ly
The
info
rmat
ion
on fl
ood
risk
leve
l (H
igh,
Med
ium
and
Lo
w) i
n an
ope
n so
urce
form
at w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
publ
icly
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent o
f W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t, U
nive
rsity
, R
esea
rch
Cen
ters
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
54 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t flo
od ri
sk s
ensi
tive
land
us
e pl
ans
Floo
d ris
k se
nsiti
ve
land
use
pla
ns w
ill b
e im
plem
ente
d
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t S
yste
m o
f Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent o
f W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Snow
stor
m, A
vala
nche
and
Gla
cial
Lak
e O
utbu
rst R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h R
eal T
ime
Sno
w,
Gla
cier
and
Gla
cial
Lak
e O
bser
vatio
n S
yste
m
Rea
l-tim
e in
form
atio
n on
Sno
w s
torm
, A
vala
nche
and
Gla
cial
La
ke w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Con
tinuo
usD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
Min
istri
es o
f G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Haz
ard
asse
ssm
ent,
map
ping
and
del
inea
tion
of th
e m
ajor
Sno
wst
orm
, A
vala
nche
and
Gla
cial
la
ke a
ffect
ed a
reas
and
m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Haz
ard
map
on
pote
ntia
l Sno
w s
torm
, A
vala
nche
and
Gla
cial
La
ke O
utbu
rst w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
Min
istri
es o
f G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
ts
55Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Ass
ess
geo-
refe
renc
ed
expo
sure
and
vul
nera
bilit
y fo
r the
sno
wst
orm
, av
alan
che
and
gla
cial
la
ke o
utbu
rst h
azar
d pr
one
infra
-stru
ctur
es a
nd
shel
ters
bas
ed o
n se
x, a
ge
and
disa
bilit
y an
d m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
The
disa
ggre
gate
d da
ta o
n th
e ex
posu
re
and
vuln
erab
ility
of
Sno
wst
orm
, A
vala
nche
and
G
laci
al la
ke O
utbu
rst
will
be
avai
labl
e
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
, Pro
vinc
e an
d L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ents
, U
nive
rsiti
es, C
entra
l B
urea
u of
Sta
tistic
s
Sno
wst
orm
, Ava
lanc
he
and
Gla
cial
lake
Out
burs
t R
isk
asse
ssm
ent a
nd
map
ping
for v
ulne
rabl
e in
fra- s
truct
ures
, his
toric
al
and
cultu
ral h
erita
ges,
sh
elte
rs, s
choo
l, ho
spita
ls,
heal
th p
osts
, and
wat
er
supp
ly s
truct
ures
and
m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
The
info
rmat
ion
on S
now
stor
m,
Ava
lanc
he a
nd G
laci
al
lake
Out
burs
t ris
k le
vel
(Hig
h, M
ediu
m a
nd
Low
) will
be
avai
labl
e in
an
open
sou
rce
form
at p
ublic
ly
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
, Pro
vinc
e an
d L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ents
, U
nive
rsiti
es, R
esea
rch
Cen
ters
Pre
pare
Sno
wst
orm
, A
vala
nche
and
Gla
cial
la
ke O
utbu
rst r
isk
sens
itive
la
nd u
se p
lans
and
mak
e th
em a
vaila
ble
publ
icly
The
Sno
wst
orm
, A
vala
nche
and
G
laci
al la
ke O
utbu
rst
risk
sens
itive
land
use
pl
ans
will
be
avai
labl
e
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
e of
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
ts
56 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Clim
atic
Ris
ks (D
roug
ht, T
hund
erbo
lt, W
inds
torm
, Hea
t Wav
e, C
old
Wav
e)St
rate
gic
Act
ivity
Expe
cted
Res
ult
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortiv
e A
genc
y
Exp
and
and
mod
erni
ze
Rea
l- Ti
me
wea
ther
O
bser
vatio
n S
yste
m
Con
tinuo
us
Info
rmat
ion
rela
ted
to w
eath
er w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Con
tinuo
usD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
Min
istri
es o
f G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Ass
essm
ent,
map
ping
and
de
linea
tion
of h
azar
dous
ar
eas
for t
he m
ajor
clim
atic
ha
zard
s an
d m
ake
them
av
aila
ble
publ
icly
The
haza
rd m
ap o
f m
ajor
clim
atic
haz
ards
w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
ofG
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, A
ltern
ativ
e E
nerg
y P
rom
otio
n C
ente
r, W
ater
an
d E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on
Sec
reta
riat,
Dep
artm
ent
of A
gric
ultu
re, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
, U
nive
rsiti
es, R
esea
rch
Cen
ters
Ass
ess
geo-
refe
renc
ed
expo
sure
and
vul
nera
bilit
y fo
r the
clim
atic
haz
ard
pron
e in
fra-s
truct
ures
and
sh
elte
rs b
ased
on
sex,
age
an
d di
sabi
lity
and
mak
e th
em a
vaila
ble
publ
icly
Dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
on c
limat
ic h
azar
d ex
posu
re a
nd
vuln
erab
ility
will
be
avai
labl
e
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
, U
nive
rsiti
es, C
entra
l B
urea
u of
Sta
tistic
s
57Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed R
esul
tTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
tive
Age
ncy
Clim
atic
risk
ass
essm
ent
and
map
ping
for v
ulne
rabl
e in
frast
ruct
ures
(Irr
igat
ion,
In
dust
ry, A
gric
ultu
re,
Hyd
ropo
wer
, Ene
rgy,
Li
vest
ock,
For
est,
Wet
land
, w
ater
rese
rvoi
r, liv
elih
oods
, sc
hool
, hea
lth p
ost a
nd
wat
er s
uppl
y in
frast
ruct
ure
etc.
), po
pula
tion
and
shel
ters
and
mak
e th
em
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
Info
rmat
ion
on
Clim
atic
risk
leve
l (H
igh,
Med
ium
and
lo
w) w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
in
an o
pen
sour
ce fo
rmat
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t th
e C
limat
ic R
isk
Sen
sitiv
e La
nd U
se P
lans
The
Clim
atic
Ris
k S
ensi
tive
land
-us
e pl
ans
will
be
impl
emen
ted
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
e of
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
ts
58 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Fire
and
Wild
fire
Ris
kSt
rate
gic
Act
ivity
Expe
cted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Est
ablis
h R
eal T
ime
Fire
M
onito
ring
Sys
tem
R
eal-T
ime
Info
rmat
ion
rela
ted
to fi
re w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Con
tinuo
usTh
e lo
cal g
over
nmen
t,
Dep
artm
ent o
f For
est
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
R
esea
rch
Cen
ters
Dev
elop
Info
rmat
ion
kit
fo
r aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
agai
nst fi
re i
n th
e m
ain
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d se
rvic
es
Info
rmat
ion
rela
ted
to
fire
and
wild
fire
will
be
avai
labl
e
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Dep
artm
ent o
f For
est
Dep
artm
ent o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t and
B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n,
Pro
vinc
e a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
o H
azar
d as
sess
men
t, m
appi
ng a
nd d
elin
eatio
n of
the
haza
rd p
rone
are
a re
late
d to
fire
, wild
fire
and
anim
al te
rror
and
mak
e th
em a
vaila
ble
pub
licly
Fire
and
Wild
fire
Haz
ard
Map
s fo
r fire
pr
one
area
s w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of F
ores
tC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, D
epar
tmen
t of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
59Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Ass
ess
Geo
- ref
eren
ced
expo
sure
and
vul
nera
bilit
y fo
r fire
and
wild
fire
pron
e in
frast
ruct
ure
and
shel
ters
- b
ased
on
sex,
age
, and
di
sabi
lity
and
mak
e th
em
avai
labl
e p
ublic
ly
Dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
of fi
re a
nd w
ildfir
e ex
posu
re a
nd
vuln
erab
ility
will
be
avai
labl
e
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of F
ores
tC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, D
epar
tmen
t of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent,
and
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Fire
and
wild
fire
risk
Ass
essm
ent a
nd m
appi
ng
for i
nfra
stru
ctur
e, s
choo
l, ho
spita
l, he
alth
pos
t, go
vern
men
t and
priv
ate
build
ings
, ind
ustri
al
stru
ctur
es a
nd s
helte
rs
and
mak
e th
em a
vaila
ble
publ
icly
Info
rmat
ion
on fi
re a
nd
wild
fire
risk
leve
l (hi
gh,
med
ium
and
ave
rage
) at
ope
n so
urce
form
at
will
be
avai
labl
e pu
blic
ly
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of F
ores
t, M
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
e of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent o
f U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t, an
d B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t fire
an
d w
ildfir
e ris
k se
nsiti
ve
land
use
pla
ns
Fire
and
wild
fire
risk
sens
itive
land
us
e pl
ans
will
be
impl
emen
ted
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
e of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f For
est
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent o
f U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t, an
d B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
60 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Indu
stria
l (C
hem
ical
, Rad
iatio
n) R
isk
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Indu
stria
l haz
ard
asse
ssm
ent ,
map
ping
and
de
linea
tion
of h
azar
d pr
one
area
s an
d m
ake
them
av
aila
ble
publ
icly
Indu
stria
l haz
ard
map
w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f In
dust
ry,
Com
mer
ce a
nd S
uppl
y of
th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Ass
ess
geo-
refe
renc
ed
expo
sure
and
vul
nera
bilit
y fo
r ind
ustri
al h
azar
d pr
one
in
frast
ruct
ures
and
she
lters
ba
sed
on s
ex, a
ge a
nd
disa
bilit
y an
d m
ake
them
av
aila
ble
publ
icly
Dis
aggr
egat
ed
data
on
indu
stria
l ha
zard
exp
osur
e an
d vu
lner
abili
ty w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f In
dust
ry,
Com
mer
ce a
nd S
uppl
y of
th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Indu
stria
l ris
k as
sess
men
t an
d m
appi
ng
for
risky
in
frast
ruct
ure,
sch
ool,
hosp
ital,
heal
th p
ost,
gove
rnm
ent a
nd p
rivat
e bu
ildin
gs,
she
lters
, and
in
dust
rial s
truct
ures
and
m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Info
rmat
ion
on
Indu
stria
l ris
k le
vel
(Hig
h, M
ediu
m a
nd
Ave
rage
) will
be
avai
labl
e in
an
open
so
urce
form
at
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f In
dust
ry,
Com
mer
ce a
nd S
uppl
y of
th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, U
nive
rsiti
es, C
entra
l B
urea
u of
Sta
tistic
s
61Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t th
e in
dust
rial r
isk
sens
itive
la
nd-u
se p
lans
The
Indu
stria
l Ris
k S
ensi
tive
Land
-us
e pl
ans
will
be
impl
emen
ted
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
e, M
inis
try o
f In
dust
ry, C
omm
erce
and
S
uppl
y of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
62 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
4.2
inte
r-ag
ency
coo
rdin
atio
n fo
r m
ulti-
Haz
ard
ris
k as
sess
men
t
In N
epal
, th
e m
ulti-
haza
rd r
isks
ass
essm
ent
and
map
ping
bas
ed o
n m
ultip
le c
riter
ia a
ren’
t ad
equa
te.
In
this
con
text
, an
int
er-a
genc
y co
ordi
natio
n m
echa
nism
is
nece
ssar
y fo
r m
ulti-
haza
rd r
isk
asse
ssm
ent
and
map
ping
. The
follo
win
g st
rate
gic
activ
ities
are
sel
ecte
d fo
r thi
s.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
a s
yste
m to
in
stitu
tiona
lize
Com
mon
N
atio
nal F
ram
ewor
k fo
r M
ulti-
haza
rd R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
Mea
ns, m
etho
dolo
gy,
inst
itutio
nal
arra
ngem
ent a
nd
guid
elin
es fo
r M
ulti-
haza
rd R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
will
be
avai
labl
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e a
nd
Affa
irs o
f the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
/Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
an
d D
epar
tmen
ts o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, W
ater
and
Ene
rgy
Com
mis
sion
Sec
reta
riat,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, U
nive
rsiti
es, R
esea
rch
Cen
ters
Est
ablis
h in
ter a
genc
y m
echa
nism
for
uni
form
ity
on d
ata
colle
ctio
n re
late
d to
haz
ard,
exp
osur
e,
vuln
erab
ility
and
risk
Uni
form
ity o
n da
ta
colle
ctio
n re
late
d to
ha
zard
, exp
osur
e,
vuln
erab
ility
, and
risk
w
ill b
e es
tabl
ishe
d
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e o
f th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al/N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, C
omm
unity
ba
sed
orga
niza
tions
, D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
63Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Con
duct
com
preh
ensi
ve
mul
ti-ha
zard
risk
as
sess
men
t and
map
ping
at
Fed
eral
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e lo
cal l
evel
for
infra
stru
ctur
es (H
ousi
ng,
Irrig
atio
n, In
dust
ry,
Agr
icul
ture
, Roa
d,
Airp
ort,
hydr
opow
er,
Ene
rgy,
Liv
esto
ck, F
ores
t, W
etla
nd, W
ater
Res
ervo
ir,
Live
lihoo
ds, S
choo
l, H
ospi
tal,
Hea
lth P
ost,
Wat
er S
uppl
y In
frast
ruct
ure
etc.
), sh
elte
rs, a
nd
popu
latio
n
Info
rmat
ion
on
Mul
ti-H
azar
d R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
for t
he im
porta
nt
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d ho
usin
g w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
publ
icly
in a
n op
en s
ourc
e fo
rmat
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e a
nd
affa
irs o
f the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity,
Min
istry
of
Fede
ral A
ffairs
and
G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
D
epar
tmen
t of
Min
es
and
Geo
logy
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy
64 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
mul
ti-ha
zard
risk
se
nsiti
ve la
nd u
se p
lans
an
d m
ake
them
ava
ilabl
e pu
blic
ly
Mul
ti ha
zard
risk
se
nsiti
ve la
nd u
se
plan
s w
ill b
e a
vaila
ble
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
e, M
inis
try
of H
ome
Affa
irs o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
65Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
4.3
Dev
elop
men
t of e
ffec
tive
Dis
aste
r m
anag
emen
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
and
info
rmat
ion
Dis
sem
inat
ion
It is
nec
essa
ry to
wor
k ef
fect
ivel
y in
Nep
al fo
r the
dev
elop
men
t of i
nteg
rate
d in
form
atio
n di
ssem
inat
ion
syst
em
and
build
ing
the
capa
city
for
the
pro
per
use
of m
edia
and
mod
ern
info
rmat
ion
tech
nolo
gy.
The
follo
win
g
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re d
eter
min
ed fo
r thi
s.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utpu
tTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Util
ize
diffe
rent
med
ia
(soc
ial,
prin
t, el
ectro
nics
, au
dio
visu
al) e
ffect
ivel
y to
di
ssem
inat
e th
e ex
istin
g an
d em
ergi
ng d
isas
ter
risk
Info
rmat
ion
on
Dis
aste
r Ris
k w
ill
be d
isse
min
ated
ex
tens
ivel
y
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f C
omm
unic
atio
n an
d In
form
atio
n Te
chno
logy
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t, N
epal
Te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns
Aut
horit
y, N
ewsp
aper
s,
FM R
adio
, Tel
evis
ion
66 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utpu
tTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Col
labo
rate
with
go
vern
men
t or
gani
zatio
ns, c
omm
unity
ba
sed
orga
niza
tions
, no
n- g
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, pol
itica
l pa
rties
and
thei
r sis
ter
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t and
med
ia fo
r di
sast
er ri
sk in
form
atio
n sh
arin
g fro
m n
atio
nal t
o lo
cal l
evel
Ext
ensi
ve
colla
bora
tion
for d
isas
ter r
isk
info
rmat
ion
shar
ing
will
be
esta
blis
hed
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Nep
al
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
A
utho
rity,
Com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
Dev
elop
men
t par
tner
s,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, p
oliti
cal
parti
es a
nd th
eir s
iste
r or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent a
nd
med
ia
Pre
pare
com
mun
icat
ion
and
diss
emin
atio
n st
rate
gy a
nd p
roce
dure
s fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k in
form
atio
n sh
arin
g (in
clud
ing
appl
icat
ion
of te
chno
logi
es s
uch
as
mob
ile a
pps,
web
site
, S
MS
, rad
io, t
elev
isio
n)at
na
tiona
l, pr
ovin
cial
and
lo
cal l
evel
Dis
aste
r ris
k in
form
atio
n w
ill
be d
isse
min
ated
ef
fect
ivel
y at
all
leve
ls S
hort
Term
Min
istry
of
Com
mun
icat
ion
and
Info
rmat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy
of G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Nep
al
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
A
utho
rity
67Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utpu
tTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Pre
pare
com
mun
icat
ion
and
diss
emin
atio
n st
rate
gy a
nd p
roce
dure
s fo
r ris
k in
form
atio
n sh
arin
g w
ith w
omen
, ch
ildre
n, e
lder
ly a
nd
disa
bled
peo
ple,
stu
dent
s an
d ot
her v
ulne
rabl
e gr
oups
Ris
k in
form
atio
n w
ill b
e sh
ared
with
w
omen
, chi
ldre
n,
elde
rly a
nd d
isab
led
peop
le, s
tude
nts
and
othe
r vul
nera
ble
grou
ps
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f C
omm
unic
atio
n an
d In
form
atio
n Te
chno
logy
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Nep
al
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
A
utho
rity
Est
ablis
h au
thor
itativ
e,
open
, geo
grap
hic
info
rmat
ion
syst
em
base
d D
isas
ter R
isk
Info
rmat
ion
Man
agem
ent
Sys
tem
bas
ed a
t nat
iona
l. pr
ovin
cial
and
loca
l lev
el
Dis
aste
r Ris
k In
form
atio
n M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for d
isas
ter r
isk
info
rmat
ion
at a
ll le
vels
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Pro
mot
e bi
late
ral,
regi
onal
, and
inte
rnat
iona
l co
oper
atio
n in
dis
aste
r ris
k in
form
atio
n sh
arin
g
Ris
k in
form
atio
n w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
acro
ss
the
bord
er
Long
Ter
mM
inis
tries
of H
ome
Affa
irs, M
inis
try o
f Fo
reig
n A
ffairs
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Wat
er
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t
68 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
4.4
capa
city
bui
ldin
g fo
r u
nder
stan
ding
Dis
aste
r r
isk
Vario
us a
ctiv
ities
lik
e st
udie
s, t
each
ing,
res
earc
h an
d tra
inin
g pr
ogra
ms
are
need
ed t
o bu
ild c
apac
ity f
or
unde
rsta
ndin
g di
sast
er r
isk
in N
epal
. It i
s ne
cess
ary
to e
nhan
ce c
apac
ity o
f exi
stin
g tra
inin
g ce
nter
s an
d to
esta
blis
h tra
inin
g an
d re
sear
ch c
ente
rs fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
from
nat
iona
l to
the
loca
l lev
el. T
he fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re d
ecid
ed fo
r it.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Inst
itutio
naliz
e th
e st
udy,
te
achi
ng, a
nd re
sear
ch
syst
em b
uild
ing
disc
iplin
e w
ise,
sub
ject
wis
e an
d in
ter-d
isci
plin
ary
cu
rric
ulum
of d
iffer
ent
aspe
cts
of D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent f
rom
sch
ool
to th
e un
iver
sity
leve
l
curr
icul
um
Und
erst
andi
ng o
n D
isas
ter R
isk
will
be
inc
reas
ed w
ith
deve
lopm
ent o
f ski
lled
hum
an re
sour
ces
in
the
area
of D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, U
nive
rsiti
es
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
prov
ince
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
duct
regu
lar r
oads
sa
fety
edu
catio
n pr
ogra
ms
for p
rofe
ssio
nal d
river
s
Cap
acity
of t
he
prof
essi
onal
driv
ers
will
be
deve
lope
d to
re
duce
road
acc
iden
t
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
69Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Con
duct
trai
ning
pro
gram
s by
dev
elop
ing
curr
icul
um
rela
ted
to d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n fo
r Dal
it,
wom
en, c
hild
ren,
eld
erly
pe
rson
s, d
isab
led
peop
le,
vuln
erab
le c
omm
uniti
es,
and
all
conc
erne
d st
akeh
olde
rs
Cap
acity
of v
ulne
rabl
e co
mm
uniti
es, a
nd
all
conc
erne
d st
akeh
olde
rs w
ill
be d
evel
oped
on
unde
rsta
ndin
g di
sast
er ri
sk
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Dis
sem
inat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out t
he ro
le o
f stu
dent
s,
pare
nts,
teac
hers
, he
alth
wor
kers
, drin
king
w
ater
ser
vice
pro
vide
r, co
mm
unity
bas
ed
orga
niza
tions
, and
co
nsum
ers,
in D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion,
pro
vide
tra
inin
g an
d ex
chan
ge
expe
rienc
es a
t diff
eren
t le
vel
Cap
acity
of s
tude
nts,
pa
rent
s, te
ache
rs,
heal
th w
orke
rs,
drin
king
wat
er s
ervi
ce
prov
ider
, com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
and
cons
umer
s w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
on u
nder
stan
ding
D
isas
ter R
isk
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy,
M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, M
inis
try
of F
eder
al a
ffairs
and
G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion,
N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns
70 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Orie
nt th
e m
embe
rs o
f po
litic
al p
artie
s an
d th
eir
sist
er o
rgan
izat
ions
, ele
cted
pe
ople
’s re
pres
enta
tives
, fo
cal p
erso
ns o
f the
line
ag
enci
es, o
rgan
izat
ions
w
orki
ng o
n D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
abou
t D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Act
, re
gula
tions
, pol
icy,
stra
tegi
c ac
tion
plan
Dec
isio
n m
akin
g pr
oces
s w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
with
com
preh
ensi
ve
know
ledg
e on
lega
l an
d re
gula
tory
ar
rang
emen
t for
D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al A
ffairs
an
d G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Col
labo
rate
with
com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns, n
on-
gove
rnm
ent o
rgan
izat
ions
an
d ot
her s
take
hold
ers
for d
evel
opin
g an
d im
plem
entin
g th
e aw
aren
ess
risin
g pr
ogra
ms
on d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n
Dis
aste
r ris
k re
late
d aw
aren
ess
risi
ng
activ
ities
will
be
con
duct
ed
with
wid
espr
ead
colla
bora
tion
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al A
ffairs
an
d G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd o
ther
st
akeh
olde
rs
Pro
vide
trai
ning
to th
e bu
sine
ssm
en, p
rofe
ssio
nals
, en
trepr
eneu
rs, a
nd
indu
stria
lists
abo
ut
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n an
d en
cour
age
them
for
acco
unta
bilit
y, p
artic
ipat
ion
and
resp
onsi
bilit
y
The
priv
ate
sect
or w
ill
be r
espo
nsib
le b
eing
w
ell i
nfor
med
abo
ut
disa
ster
risk
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al A
ffairs
an
d G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, N
epal
C
ham
ber o
f Com
mer
ce
and
Indu
stry
71Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t co
mpr
ehen
sive
nat
iona
l an
d lo
cal l
evel
pro
gram
s fo
r aw
aren
ess
risin
g an
d tra
inin
g on
dis
aste
r ris
k
Aw
aren
ess
will
be
incr
ease
d o
n di
sast
er
risk
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd o
ther
st
akeh
olde
rs
Stre
ngth
en c
apac
ity o
f ex
istin
g tra
inin
g ce
nter
s on
di
sast
er ri
sk re
duct
ion
and
man
agem
ent
Cap
acity
of t
he
exis
ting
train
ing
cent
ers
will
be
stre
ngth
ened
in
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n, M
inis
try o
f U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent,
Nep
ali A
rmy,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Polic
e, tr
aini
ng in
stitu
tes
Dev
elop
cap
acity
of d
rivin
g sc
hool
sC
apac
ity o
f the
dr
ivin
g sc
hool
s w
ill
be s
treng
then
ed
to re
duce
roa
d ac
cide
nts
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
72 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Con
duct
cap
acity
de
velo
pmen
t pro
gram
fo
r sta
keho
lder
s an
d pr
ofes
sion
als
on
haza
rd,
vuln
erab
ility
and
risk
as
sess
men
t, in
terp
reta
tion
and
upda
ting,
risk
sen
sitiv
e la
nd-u
se p
lan
prep
arat
ion
and
disa
ster
impa
ct
asse
ssm
ent a
t the
Fed
eral
, P
rovi
ncia
l and
Loc
al le
vel
Cap
acity
will
be
stre
ngth
ened
on
risk
asse
ssm
ent,
inte
rpre
tatio
n an
d up
datin
g
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t D
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gy,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Min
es a
nd
Geo
logy
, Dep
artm
ent o
f W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t, W
ater
an
d E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on
Sec
reta
riat,
Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, U
nive
rsiti
es, r
esea
rch
cent
ers
Con
duct
rese
arch
and
de
velo
pmen
t on
the
issu
es,
prob
lem
s an
d so
lutio
ns o
f D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d C
limat
e C
hang
e A
dapt
atio
n
New
Tec
hnol
ogy
and
App
roac
h w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
for D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
Ada
ptio
n an
d C
limat
e C
hang
e A
dapt
atio
n
Long
Ter
mU
nive
rsiti
es, I
nstit
ute
of E
ngin
eerin
g, N
epal
A
cade
my
of S
cien
ce
and
Tech
nolo
gy, N
epal
A
gric
ultu
ral R
esea
rch
Cou
ncil
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nep
al A
dmin
istra
tive
Sta
ff C
olle
ge, L
ocal
D
evel
opm
ent T
rain
ing
Aca
dem
y, D
epar
tmen
t of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
D
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gy
73Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
PRIORITy AREA 2: STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISk GOVERNANCE AT FEDERAL, PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL LEVELS
Chapter 5
74 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
75Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Priority area 2: strengtHening Disaster risk governance at feDeral, Provincial anD local levels
Strengthening disaster risk governance is considered as cornerstone
of the efforts to understand, reduce and manage the risks. Disaster risk
governance entails mechanisms, institutions and processes for citizens
to articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights and obligations, and
mediate their differences in disaster risk reduction and management. This
means ensuring that sufficient levels of capacity and resources are made
available to prevent, prepare for, manage and recover from disasters. The
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030 identifies
disaster risk governance at different levels which is of great importance for
an effective and efficient management of disaster risk. It also requires clear
vision, plans, competence, guidance, and coordination within and across all
sectors as well as participation of relevant stakeholders. Strengthening the
disaster risk governance system is necessary to foster the collaboration and
partnership for the implementation of disaster risk reduction and sustainable
development. It is necessary to emphasize on the following to strengthen
disaster risk governance.
a. Mainstream and integrate disaster risk reduction within and across
all sectors and promote the coherence and development of relevant
laws, regulations and public policies. It must guide both the public and
private sectors that clearly spells out the roles and responsibilities. It
must address Disaster Risk in publicly owned, managed, or regulated
services and infrastructures. It must encourage actions by persons,
households, communities or businesses. It has to enhance relevant
76 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
mechanism and initiatives for disaster risk transparency. It must put in
place coordination and organizational structures.
b. Adopt and implement disaster risk reduction strategies and plans,
across all levels.
c. Carry out assessment of the technical, financial and administrative
disaster risk management capacity to deal with the identified risks at
different levels.
d. Promote necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels
of compliance with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral
laws and regulations, including those addressing land use and urban
planning, building codes, environmental and resource management
and health and safety standards, and update them, where needed.
e. Develop and strengthen mechanisms to periodically review and
assess the progress on various disaster management plans as well as
encourage institutional debates including by people’s representatives,
parliamentarians and relevant officials, on disaster risk reduction plans.
f. Assign clear roles and tasks to community representatives for disaster
risk management through relevant legal frameworks and clear
responsibilities.
g. Establish and strengthen government coordination forum composed of
relevant stakeholders at the national and local levels, such as national
and local platforms for disaster risk reduction.
h. Empower local authorities to collaborate and coordinate with civil society,
communities, political parties and their sister organizations, indigenous
people and migrants in disaster risk management at the local level.
i. Promote discussion and debate with parliamentarians for relevant
legislation and budget allocation for disaster risk reduction.
j. Promote the development of quality standards, such as certifications
and awards for disaster risk management, with the participation of
the private sector, civil society, professional associations, scientific
organizations and United Nations.
77Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
k. Formulate relevant public policies and laws aimed at addressing issues
of prevention or relocation, where possible, of human settlements in
disaster risk zones.
Pursuing this Priority Area entails successfully reducing risk by implementing
the Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in an integrated
manner, within development sectors, social and economic development
planning processes and practices, in order to reduce the existing risks,
and to prevent creation of new risks or loss and damage. Additionally, this
priority area will contribute to strengthening resilient development providing
incentives for safer development in low risk areas and dis-incentives for high-
risk areas.
Achieving this will include development of integrated disaster and climate
risk screening method for its use in development project. These methods
are intended to help ensure that all projects are adequately protected
against natural hazards and they do not create new forms of disaster risk
or exacerbate existing ones. They are intended to promote a systematic
approach to analyze disaster and climate risk at the development project
level.
Nepal is one of the least urbanized but the fastest urbanizing countries in
the world. It is necessary to update and implement building codes to reduce
risk in urban areas. Additionally, provision of drainage system should be
mandatory in urban development projects.
It is necessary to establish and strengthen responsible agencies as per the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017 to prepare national
programs, and establish a system to promote and guide the stakeholders
from federal to the local level for disaster risk reduction. The policy related to
Disaster Risk Management needs to be revised in accordance with context
78 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
and utility. The formulation of preparedness and emergency response plans
and capacity development are necessary at all levels.
Addressing the above mentioned needs to strengthen disaster risk
governance in Nepal, the following priority actions are determined under this
priority area.
a. Establishment and Strengthening of Institutional Structures
b. Formulation of Legal and Regulatory Framework
c. Capacity Building, Collaboration and Partnership for Disaster Risk
Governance
d. Ensuring Inclusiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction
79Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
5.1
esta
blis
hmen
t and
str
engt
heni
ng o
f ins
titut
iona
l str
uctu
res
It is
bec
omin
g ch
alle
ngin
g to
bea
r the
incr
ease
d re
spon
sibi
litie
s fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
and
man
agem
ent
by t
he e
xist
ing
limite
d st
ruct
ure
of D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent
Div
isio
n un
der
the
Min
istry
of
Hom
e A
ffairs
.
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
Act
201
7, it
is n
eces
sary
to
esta
blis
h a
high
pow
ered
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
for D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n, a
nd re
stru
ctur
ing
and
stre
ngth
enin
g of
org
aniz
atio
nal
stru
ctur
es o
f se
ctor
al m
inis
tries
and
dep
artm
ents
. I
n th
e co
ntex
t of
adeq
uate
rig
hts
prov
ided
by
the
cons
titut
ion
to t
he lo
cal l
evel
, th
e lo
cal l
evel
has
als
o to
be
mad
e m
ore
resp
onsi
ble
in d
isas
ter r
isk
gove
rnan
ce. T
he fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re d
eter
min
ed fo
r it.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g ag
ency
Est
ablis
h N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
for
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
An
inst
itutio
nal
arra
ngem
ent a
t na
tiona
l lev
el w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n,
prep
ared
ness
and
re
spon
se.
Sho
rt Te
rmO
ffice
of t
he P
rime
Min
iste
r and
Cou
ncil
of M
inis
ters
, Min
istry
of
Hom
e A
ffairs
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
80 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g ag
ency
Form
ulat
e an
d im
plem
ent
time
boun
d ac
tion
plan
at
pro
vinc
ial a
nd th
e lo
cal l
evel
to
dev
elop
D
isas
ter R
isk
Man
agem
ent
Com
mitt
ee a
nd
inst
itutio
nal s
truct
ure
Inst
itutio
nal s
truct
ures
an
d w
orki
ng c
apac
ity
will
be
deve
lope
d at
pr
ovin
ce a
nd lo
cal
leve
l in
disa
ster
risk
go
vern
ance
.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Est
ablis
h c
oord
inat
ion
mec
hani
sm a
t fed
eral
, pr
ovin
cial
and
loca
l le
vel t
o in
tegr
ate
and
im
plem
ent
the
conc
ept o
f D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t in
ever
y se
ctor
A c
oord
inat
ion
mec
hani
sm w
ill b
e
esta
blis
hed
with
cle
ar
resp
onsi
bilit
y in
eac
h
sect
or
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loc
al
Gov
ernm
ent
81Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g ag
ency
Est
ablis
h sp
ecia
l fun
d an
d m
onito
ring
mec
hani
sm fo
r re
trofit
ting
of th
e ex
istin
g ris
ky p
ublic
ser
vice
, m
eans
of l
ivel
ihoo
d, a
nd
phys
ical
infra
stru
ctur
es
( pub
lic, g
over
nmen
t an
d pr
ivat
e bu
ildin
gs,
hydr
aulic
stru
ctur
es, u
rban
in
frast
ruct
ures
, sch
ool a
nd
hosp
ital,
stad
ium
, the
ater
s,
shop
ping
mal
ls, e
tc.)
Fina
ncia
l arr
ange
men
t an
d ac
coun
tabi
lity
will
be
esta
blis
hed
in re
trofit
ting
infra
stru
ctur
es.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
inan
ce,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t, an
d B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Ass
ign
a fo
cal p
erso
n,
sect
ion
or d
ivis
ion
for
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n in
S
ecto
ral M
inis
tries
and
D
epar
tmen
ts
A d
edic
ated
cen
tral
unit
will
be
avai
labl
e in
ev
ery
sect
oral
min
istry
an
d de
partm
ent f
or
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n,
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ents
, and
oth
er
agen
cies
82 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g ag
ency
Est
ablis
h D
isas
ter R
isk
Man
agem
ent C
omm
ittee
s in
sch
ools
and
hos
pita
ls
Dis
aste
r Ris
k M
anag
emen
t in
scho
ols
and
hosp
itals
w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth
and
Popu
latio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Est
ablis
h E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ter a
t P
rovi
nce
and
the
Loca
l Le
vel
The
disa
ster
pr
epar
edne
ss a
nd
emer
genc
y re
spon
ses
will
be
effe
ctiv
e at
the
prov
ince
and
loca
l le
vel.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Est
ablis
h H
ealth
E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ter a
t Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal L
evel
Em
erge
ncy
heal
th
serv
ice
will
be
effe
ctiv
e at
the
prov
ince
and
loca
l le
vel.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
83Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g ag
ency
Impr
ove
and
stre
ngth
en
the
orga
niza
tiona
l stru
ctur
e
of m
ajor
dep
artm
ents
, and
m
inis
tries
dire
ctly
invo
lved
in
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
will
be
effe
ctiv
ely
inst
itutio
naliz
ed
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gy,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Min
es a
nd
Geo
logy
, Dep
artm
ent o
f S
oil
Con
serv
atio
n an
d W
ater
shed
Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t and
B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Wat
er
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Est
ablis
h an
d ac
tivat
e a
Nat
iona
l Roa
d S
afet
y C
ounc
il
An
inst
itutio
nal
arra
ngem
ent w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
for
mon
itorin
g an
d co
ordi
natio
n of
road
sa
fety
act
iviti
es.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Est
ablis
h lo
ad m
onito
ring
and
cont
rol m
echa
nism
for
truck
s an
d pa
ssen
ger
vehi
cles
A lo
ad M
onito
ring
and
Con
trol M
echa
nism
w
ill b
e es
tabl
ishe
d fo
r tru
cks
and
pass
enge
r ve
hicl
es.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
84 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g ag
ency
Est
ablis
h R
oad
Saf
ety
Uni
ts i
n D
epar
tmen
t of
Loc
al In
frast
ruct
ure
Dev
elop
men
t and
, A
gric
ultu
re R
oads
, D
epar
tmen
t of T
rans
port
Man
agem
ent,
Tra
ffic
Polic
e an
d Lo
cal l
evel
Inst
itutio
nal
arra
ngem
ent w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
at
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Lo
cal I
nfra
stru
ctur
e D
evel
opm
ent
and
Agr
icul
ture
R
oads
, Dep
artm
ent
of T
rans
port
Man
agem
ent,
Traf
fic
Polic
e, a
nd L
ocal
leve
l
Sho
rt Te
rmD
epar
tmen
t of
Loca
l Inf
rast
ruct
ure
Dev
elop
men
t and
A
gric
ultu
re R
oads
, D
epar
tmen
t of T
rans
port
Man
agem
ent,
Traf
fic
Polic
e, L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e l G
over
nmen
t
85Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
5.2
form
ulat
ion
of l
egal
and
reg
ulat
ory
fram
ewor
k
Feel
ing
the
nece
ssity
of c
onte
mpo
rary
lega
l and
pol
icy
arra
ngem
ent,
the
legi
slat
ive
parli
amen
t has
ena
cted
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
ct,
2017
to
addr
ess
the
mul
tiple
dim
ensi
ons
of d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t tak
ing
into
acc
ount
the
expe
rienc
es b
ased
on
activ
ities
per
form
ed fo
llow
ing
the
past
lega
l and
pol
icy
arra
ngem
ents
, an
d m
anag
ing
all a
ctiv
ities
of d
isas
ter
man
agem
ent i
n a
colla
bora
tive
and
effe
ctiv
e m
anne
r to
prot
ect l
ife, p
ublic
and
priv
ate
prop
erty
, cul
tura
l ass
ets,
and
phy
sica
l stru
ctur
e fro
m
natu
ral a
nd n
on- n
atur
al d
isas
ter.
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
act r
equi
res
the
form
ulat
ion
of a
regu
latio
n fo
r Dis
aste
r
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent.
Ther
e is
a n
eed
of le
gal a
nd r
egul
ator
y fra
mew
ork
to b
e de
velo
ped
for
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
at d
iffer
ent s
ecto
rs. T
he fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re p
rese
nted
for t
his.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n a
nd
Man
agem
ent
Reg
ulat
ions
fo
r the
effe
ctiv
e im
plem
enta
tion
of
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent a
ct,
2017
Reg
ulat
ions
will
be
pre
pare
d fo
r m
anag
ing
and
stre
ngth
enin
g D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n a
nd
Man
agem
ent
gove
rnan
ce
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
86 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t act
ion
plan
at
pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal l
evel
Effe
ctiv
e D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
actio
n pl
an w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed
at P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l lev
el
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Pre
pare
Nat
iona
l Roa
d S
afet
y st
rate
gy a
nd
upda
te th
e ro
ad s
afet
y ac
tion
plan
Nat
iona
l Roa
d S
afet
y S
trate
gy w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed a
nd ro
ad
safe
ty a
ctio
n pl
an w
ill
be u
pdat
ed.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent,
priv
ate
sect
or,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed-
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
Pre
pare
Roa
d S
afet
y A
udit
man
ual
Roa
d S
afet
y A
udit
man
ual w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loc
al
Gov
ernm
ent,
Uni
vers
ities
, res
earc
h ce
nter
s
87Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Des
ign
Gui
delin
e fo
r Saf
er R
oads
D
esig
n G
uide
line
for
safe
r roa
ds w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
, U
nive
rsiti
es, R
esea
rch
cent
ers
Rev
ise
and
deve
lop
Nep
al
Roa
d S
tand
ard
and
Nep
al
Roa
ds S
afet
y C
odes
(for
3
diffe
rent
eco
logi
cal
zone
s)
New
cod
es a
nd
stan
dard
will
be
prep
ared
for s
afer
ro
ads
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
fra
stru
ctur
e an
d Tr
ansp
ort
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
Uni
vers
ities
, Res
earc
h C
ente
rs
Enf
orce
the
use
of s
eat
belt,
hel
met
, and
rule
s of
pu
blic
tran
spor
t saf
ety
stric
tly a
nd d
evel
op
com
preh
ensi
ve c
ode
of
cond
uct
for a
ll ro
ad u
sers
Roa
d ac
cide
nt
will
be
redu
ced
du
e to
aw
are
and
disc
iplin
ed ro
ad
user
s
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
88 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Upd
ate
and
enfo
rce
The
Bui
ldin
g A
ct, r
evis
e
Bui
ldin
g C
ode
for u
rban
an
d ru
ral
area
s, a
nd
prep
are
regu
latio
n fo
r th
e bu
ildin
g co
nstru
ctio
n at
rura
l and
urb
an
mun
icip
ality
Polic
y ar
rang
emen
t fo
r floo
d an
d ea
rthqu
ake
resi
stan
t bu
ildin
g co
nstru
ctio
n w
ill b
e in
pla
ce
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Rev
iew
and
revi
se
exis
ting
stan
dard
and
co
des
(Ear
thqu
ake
Cod
e,
Pla
nnin
g no
rms)
for
Infra
stru
ctur
e P
lan
Des
ign
an
d P
repa
ratio
n
Upg
rade
d co
de,
stan
dard
and
G
uide
lines
will
be
pre
pare
d fo
r th
e In
frast
ruct
ure
Pla
n de
sign
and
fo
rmul
atio
n
Sho
rt Te
rmC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Uni
vers
ities
, Res
earc
h ce
nter
s
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es
for r
etro
fittin
g of
ris
ky in
frast
ruct
ures
(R
esid
entia
l Bui
ldin
gs,
Hot
el,
Apa
rtmen
t, In
dust
rial B
uild
ing,
hi
stor
ical
and
cul
tura
l he
ritag
es, s
choo
l, ho
spita
l, co
mm
unity
bu
ildin
g, s
helte
r etc
.)
Ret
rofit
ting
Gui
delin
es fo
r D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n of
risk
y
infra
stru
ctur
es w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t and
B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, pr
ovin
ce a
nd
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
, U
nive
rsiti
es, I
nstit
ute
of
Eng
inee
ring
89Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
gui
delin
es fo
r m
ains
tream
ing
disa
ster
ris
k re
duct
ion
into
sec
tora
l de
velo
pmen
t pla
ns
Gui
delin
es fo
r m
ains
tream
ing
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
into
se
ctor
al d
evel
opm
ent
plan
s w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed
Sho
rt Te
rmN
atio
nal P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
, Min
istry
of
Fin
ance
, Min
istry
of
Fed
eral
Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
ial a
nd
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Inco
rpor
ate
Dis
aste
r Ris
k Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent i
nto
Env
ironm
ent P
rote
ctio
n A
ct a
nd E
nviro
nmen
tal
Impa
ct A
sses
smen
t G
uide
lines
Dis
aste
r Ris
k Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent
will
be
incl
uded
in
to E
nviro
nmen
t P
rote
ctio
n A
ct a
nd
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent
Gui
delin
es
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f For
est a
nd
Env
ironm
ent o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
ial a
nd
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
90 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
inco
rpor
ate
Initi
al a
nd C
ompr
ehen
sive
R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
Fram
ewor
k fo
r de
velo
pmen
t pro
ject
s fo
r the
sel
ectio
n of
maj
or
proj
ects
bas
ed o
n th
e di
sast
er a
nd c
limat
e ch
ange
risk
rela
ted
know
ledg
e
Com
preh
ensi
ve
Ris
k A
sses
smen
t Fr
amew
ork
will
be
pre
pare
d fo
r in
clud
ing
clim
ate
and
disa
ster
risk
resi
stan
t te
chno
logy
in m
ajor
pr
ojec
ts
Sho
rt Te
rm N
atio
nal P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
, Min
istry
of
Fin
ance
, Min
istry
of
Fed
eral
Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Inco
rpor
ate
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n in
N
atur
al R
esou
rce
and
Man
agem
ent r
elat
ed
vario
us p
rogr
ams
and
actio
n pl
an
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
will
be
inco
rpor
ated
in
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t rel
ated
va
rious
pro
gram
s an
d ac
tion
plan
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f For
est a
nd
Env
ironm
ent,
Min
istry
of
Fed
eral
Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
91Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h a
syst
em o
f re
war
ding
the
em
ploy
ees
for t
heir
spec
ial
cont
ribut
ion
in D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
The
perfo
rman
ce
of e
mpl
oyee
s w
ill b
e im
prov
ed
due
to a
sys
tem
of
rew
ardi
ng th
e em
ploy
ees
for t
heir
spec
ial c
ontri
butio
n
in d
isas
ter r
isk
redu
ctio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
tries
of H
ome
Affa
irs, M
inis
try o
f Fe
dera
l Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Pre
pare
a re
gula
tions
an
d st
anda
rd o
pera
ting
pr
oced
ures
for
E
mer
genc
y Fu
nd a
nd
Food
Ban
k at
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal L
evel
Sta
ndar
d op
erat
ing
proc
edur
es fo
r E
mer
genc
y Fu
nd a
nd
Food
Ban
k w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
at P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Lev
el fo
r ac
coun
tabi
lity
,
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
tsC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t gu
idel
ines
for t
he
secu
rity
of v
ulne
rabl
e gr
oups
and
pre
vent
ion
of
gend
er v
iole
nce
durin
g em
erge
ncy
The
guid
elin
es
will
be
prep
ared
an
d im
plem
ente
d fo
r th
e s
ecur
ity o
f vu
lner
able
gro
ups
and
prev
entio
n of
ge
nder
vio
lenc
e du
ring
emer
genc
y
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Wom
en,
Chi
ldre
n an
d S
enio
r C
itize
ns, N
atio
nal
Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on,
Min
istry
of H
ome
Affa
irs
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
92 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es fo
r m
obili
zatio
n of
vol
unte
ers
for d
isas
ter r
espo
nse
at
the
com
mun
ity le
vel
A g
uide
line
will
be
avai
labl
e to
faci
litat
e m
obili
zatio
n of
vo
lunt
eers
dur
ing
disa
ster
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
, C
omm
unity
Bas
ed
Org
aniz
atio
ns,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
and
oth
er
stak
ehol
ders
Rev
ise
the
Gui
delin
es
for m
obili
zatio
n of
no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
for
Dis
aste
r Pre
pare
dnes
s,
Res
pons
es, R
ecov
ery,
R
econ
stru
ctio
n an
d R
ehab
ilita
tion
Mob
iliza
tion
of
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
n in
dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t will
be
effe
ctiv
e an
d tra
nspa
rent
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, pr
ovin
ce a
nd
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es
for
wre
ckag
e an
d va
rious
oth
er w
asta
ge
man
agem
ent
durin
g di
sast
er
A g
uide
line
will
be
pre
pare
d fo
r wre
ckag
e an
d w
asta
ge
man
agem
ent d
urin
g di
sast
er.
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
93Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Rev
ise
the
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
of
Nat
iona
l Em
erge
ncy
O
pera
tion
Cen
ter
and
pre
pare
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
for E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ters
at p
rovi
nce
and
loca
l lev
el
The
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
of E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ters
w
ill v
e up
date
d
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
tries
of H
ome
Affa
irs, M
inis
try o
f Fe
dera
l Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Pre
pare
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
for H
ealth
Em
erge
ncy
Ope
ratio
n C
ente
rs a
t P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l lev
el
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
will
be
ava
ilabl
e fo
r H
ealth
Em
erge
ncy
Ope
ratio
n C
ente
rs a
t P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l le
vel
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, M
inis
try
of F
eder
al A
ffairs
and
G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es
deve
lopi
ng s
tand
ards
for
effe
ctiv
e P
ost D
isas
ter
Sea
rch
and
Res
cue
Gui
delin
es w
ill b
e
avai
labl
e fo
r effe
ctiv
e S
earc
h an
d R
escu
e
Sho
rt Te
rmTh
e M
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
, C
omm
uniti
es
94 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
regu
larly
up
date
the
Loca
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent P
lans
fo
r Pro
vinc
ial,
Loca
l and
C
omm
unity
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t Com
mitt
ees
, Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
will
be
pre
pare
d fo
r E
ffect
ive
Dis
aste
r P
repa
redn
ess
and
Em
erge
ncy
Res
pons
es a
t loc
al
leve
l
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
tsC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Pre
pare
int
egra
ted
guid
elin
es o
f loc
al
leve
l Dis
aste
r Ris
k M
anag
emen
t and
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ada
ptat
ion
Gui
delin
es a
nd D
irect
ives
(C
APA
, LD
RM
P, L
APA
, D
PR
P)
Inte
grat
ed g
uide
line
will
be
avai
labl
e fo
r lo
cal l
evel
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent
and
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ada
ptat
ion
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
tries
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n,
Min
istry
of F
ores
t and
E
nviro
nmen
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Dev
elop
new
cod
es a
nd
stan
dard
s to
des
ign
infra
stru
ctur
es f
or
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n in
corp
orat
ing
new
te
chno
logi
es
New
cod
e, s
tand
ard
and
tech
nolo
gy w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
Med
ium
Ter
mU
nive
rsiti
es a
nd
rese
arch
cen
ters
, M
inis
tries
and
D
epar
tmen
ts re
late
d to
in
frast
ruct
ures
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
95Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Mas
ter p
lan
for
river
man
agem
ent a
nd
wat
ersh
ed c
onse
rvat
ion
in m
ajor
rive
r bas
in o
n th
e ba
sis
of d
isas
ter r
isk
asse
ssm
ent
Mas
ter p
lan
for W
ater
In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
will
be
pre
pare
d
Med
ium
Ter
mW
ater
and
Ene
rgy
C
omm
issi
on S
ecre
taria
t, M
inis
try o
f Ene
rgy,
Wat
er
Res
ourc
e an
d Irr
igat
ion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Pre
pare
gui
delin
e fo
r di
sast
er ri
sk re
duct
ion
on th
e ba
sis
of G
reen
In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Eco
syst
em B
ased
A
dapt
atio
n
A g
uide
line
will
be
prep
ared
for d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n on
th
e ba
sis
of G
reen
In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Eco
syst
em B
ased
A
dapt
atio
n
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f For
est a
nd
Env
ironm
ent,
Min
istry
of
Hom
e A
ffairs
, Min
istry
of
Fed
eral
Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n,
Min
istry
of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Pre
pare
the
Dire
ctiv
es
and
Gui
delin
es fo
r se
arch
and
resc
ue o
f an
indi
vidu
al, v
ehic
le a
nd
good
s af
fect
ed b
y ro
ad
acci
dent
The
dire
ctiv
es a
nd
guid
elin
es fo
r sea
rch
and
resc
ue o
f an
indi
vidu
al, v
ehic
le
and
good
s af
fect
ed
by ro
ad a
ccid
ent w
ill
be p
repa
red
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal
Leve
l G
over
nmen
ts
96 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Dire
ctiv
es
and
Gui
delin
es fo
r co
nstru
ctin
g h
ydra
ulic
st
ruct
ures
to re
duce
floo
d ris
k
Dire
ctiv
es a
nd
Gui
delin
es w
ill
be p
repa
red
for
cons
truct
ing
hy
drau
lic s
truct
ures
to
redu
ce fl
ood
risk
Med
ium
Ter
mW
ater
and
Ene
rgy
Com
mis
sion
Sec
reta
riat,
Min
istry
of E
nerg
y, W
ater
R
esou
rce
and
Irrig
atio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal
Leve
l G
over
nmen
ts
Dev
elop
a p
rovi
sion
fo
r reg
ulat
ion,
en
cour
agem
ent,
and
disc
oura
gem
ent f
or th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of ri
sk
sens
itive
land
use
pla
n
The
plan
s w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed a
t all
loca
l le
vel f
or h
ousi
ng
and
pro
duct
ive
use
on th
e ba
sis
of
iden
tifica
tion
of h
igh,
m
ediu
m a
nd lo
w ri
sk
area
s
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
es,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t and
B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n,
Min
istry
of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent,
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t
Inte
grat
e D
isas
ter R
isk
Man
agem
ent i
n pr
ivat
e se
ctor
’s m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es
Dis
aste
r Ris
k M
anag
emen
t will
be
follo
wed
in p
rivat
e se
ctor
s
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Ind
ustry
, C
omm
erce
and
Sup
ply,
Fe
dera
tion
of N
epal
ese
C
ham
bers
of C
omm
erce
an
d In
dust
ry, M
inis
try
of C
ultu
re, T
ouris
m a
nd
Civ
il A
viat
ion
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
97Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es fo
r bi
rds
and
anim
als
care
du
ring
disa
ster
Gui
delin
es fo
r bird
s an
d an
imal
s ca
re w
ill
be p
repa
red
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try
of H
ome
Affa
irs o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es to
m
anag
e co
ld w
ave
and
heat
wav
e
Gui
delin
es
for e
ffect
ive
man
agem
ent o
f co
ld
wav
e an
d he
at w
ave
will
be
prep
ared
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Pre
pare
gui
delin
es fo
r N
atur
al a
nd C
limat
ic
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent
Gui
delin
es
for e
ffect
ive
man
agem
ent o
f N
atur
al a
nd C
limat
ic
Dis
aste
r will
be
prep
ared
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
es o
f th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
98 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
5.3
capa
city
Dev
elop
men
t, co
llab
orat
ion
and
Part
ners
hip
for
Dis
aste
r r
isk
gove
rnan
ce
In th
e co
ntex
t of t
rans
form
atio
n of
the
coun
try’s
gov
erna
nce
syst
em to
the
fede
ral s
truct
ure,
it is
nec
essa
ry to
trans
form
the
disa
ster
risk
man
agem
ent g
over
nanc
e sy
stem
als
o in
to fe
dera
l stru
ctur
e an
d de
velo
p th
e co
ncep
t
of p
artn
ersh
ip a
nd c
olla
bora
tion
at fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
cial
and
loca
l lev
el. I
t is
nece
ssar
y to
bui
ld th
e ca
paci
ty b
y
revi
ewin
g an
d ev
alua
ting
the
exis
ting
capa
city
in d
isas
ter r
isk
gove
rnan
ce a
t fed
eral
, pro
vinc
ial a
nd lo
cal l
evel
.
The
colla
bora
tion
with
nei
ghbo
ring
coun
tries
in d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n ne
eds
to b
e en
hanc
ed.
In a
dditi
on,
it is
nec
essa
ry t
o de
velo
p co
llabo
ratio
n an
d pa
rtner
ship
with
the
nat
iona
l/int
erna
tiona
l no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
and
res
earc
h in
stitu
tes
that
are
invo
lved
in d
isas
ter
risk
man
agem
ent.
The
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es
for i
t are
giv
en b
elow
.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Con
duct
cap
acity
bui
ldin
g pr
ogra
ms
iden
tifyi
ng th
e go
vern
ance
cap
acity
in
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n at
th
e fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
ce a
nd
the
loca
l lev
el
Cap
acity
in d
isas
ter
risk
gove
rnan
ce
will
be
deve
lope
d
thro
ugh
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
ca
paci
ty d
evel
opm
ent
prog
ram
s
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e, a
nd lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
99Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h th
e ne
twor
k of
th
e go
vern
men
t and
non
-go
vern
men
t age
ncie
s in
volv
ed in
dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
and
Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t at t
he fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
ce a
nd th
e lo
cal l
evel
Wid
er s
take
hold
er’s
pa
rtici
patio
n w
ill b
e ac
hiev
ed a
t all
leve
ls
for d
isas
ter r
isk
redu
ctio
n th
orou
gh
inst
itutin
g th
e ne
twor
k of
gov
ernm
ent a
nd
non-
gove
rnm
ent
agen
cies
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e, a
nd
loca
l G
over
nmen
t, no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
, in
tern
atio
nal n
on-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns,
Red
C
ross
mov
emen
t, R
esea
rch
Inst
itutio
ns
Con
duct
trai
ning
on
Clim
ate
and
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Impa
ct A
sses
smen
t m
etho
d
Hum
an re
sour
ce
will
be
dev
elop
ed fo
r th
e
Clim
ate
and
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Ass
essm
ent b
y co
nduc
ting
trai
ning
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fe
dera
l A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion,
Min
istry
of
Fore
st a
nd E
nviro
nmen
t of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
natio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed C
ross
m
ovem
ent,
Uni
vers
ities
an
d re
sear
ch c
ente
rs
100 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Stre
ngth
en N
atio
nal
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
Pla
tform
and
exp
and
it in
pr
ovin
ce a
nd lo
cal l
evel
The
exte
nsiv
e pa
rtici
patio
n of
st
akeh
olde
rs w
ill b
e
achi
eved
in D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies,
no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
, in
tern
atio
nal n
on-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed C
ross
m
ovem
ent,
rese
arch
in
stitu
tes
Col
labo
rate
with
nat
iona
l an
d in
tern
atio
nal
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, U
nive
rsiti
es
and
rese
arch
cen
ters
, U
nite
d N
atio
ns, d
onor
ag
enci
es, a
nd o
ther
s st
akeh
olde
rs in
dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
and
man
agem
ent
The
exte
nsiv
e co
llabo
ratio
n w
ill b
e
deve
lope
d in
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
natio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed C
ross
m
ovem
ent,
Uni
vers
ities
an
d re
sear
ch c
ente
rs,
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
, don
or
agen
cies
and
oth
er
stak
ehol
ders
Pro
mot
e th
e tra
ns-
boun
dary
and
inte
rnat
iona
l co
oper
atio
n in
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent
The
info
rmat
ion
acro
ss th
e bo
rder
w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
on
impe
ndin
g di
sast
er
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f For
eign
Affa
irs
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, O
ffice
of t
he P
rime
Min
iste
r and
Cou
ncil
of
Min
iste
rs
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
101Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
5.4
ensu
ring
incl
usiv
enes
s in
Dis
aste
r r
isk
red
uctio
n
Wom
en, c
hild
ren,
sen
ior c
itize
n, p
erso
ns w
ith d
isab
ility
, and
eco
nom
ical
ly a
nd s
ocia
lly m
argi
naliz
ed c
omm
unity
and
indi
vidu
als
are
the
mos
t af
fect
ed b
y th
e di
sast
ers.
The
re is
a n
eed
to e
nsur
e in
clus
iven
ess
of t
hese
grou
ps b
y in
crea
sing
thei
r acc
essi
bilit
y, re
pres
enta
tion
and
mea
ning
ful p
artic
ipat
ion
in v
ario
us p
roce
sses
of
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t. Th
e fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es h
ave
been
ado
pted
for i
t.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Impl
emen
t gen
der s
ensi
tive
and
incl
usiv
e ap
proa
ch
in a
ll th
e pr
oces
ses
of
Dis
aste
r Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Eve
ry s
ecto
r will
hav
e pu
rsue
d ge
nder
se
nsiti
ve a
nd in
clus
ive
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n ap
proa
ch
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Wom
en,
Chi
ldre
n an
d S
enio
r C
itize
n, M
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of t
he G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
All
conc
erne
d m
inis
tries
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent,
non-
gove
rnm
ent
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
Est
ablis
h an
d in
stitu
tiona
lize
disa
ster
risk
co
ncer
n gr
oups
to p
rom
ote
thei
r em
pow
erm
ent a
nd
partn
ersh
ip b
y in
crea
sing
pa
rtici
patio
n of
the
mos
t af
fect
ed, w
eak
in re
silie
nce
and
high
ly v
ulne
rabl
e gr
oups
in d
isas
ter r
isk
gove
rnan
ce a
ctiv
ities
Parti
cipa
tion
of
disa
ster
vic
tims,
and
vu
lner
able
per
son,
fa
mily
and
com
mun
ity
will
be
ensu
red
by
esta
blis
hing
con
cern
gr
oups
and
thei
r ne
twor
king
at t
he
com
mun
ity le
vel
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent,
Nep
al R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns,
Com
mun
ity B
ased
O
rgan
izat
ions
, Pol
itica
l Pa
rties
and
thei
r Sis
ter
Org
aniz
atio
ns
102 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Gen
der E
qual
ity
and
Soc
ial I
nclu
sion
ac
tion
plan
for
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t at e
ach
leve
l an
d se
ctor
The
actio
n pl
an w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for g
ende
r eq
ualit
y an
d so
cial
in
clus
ion
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Wom
en,
Chi
ldre
n an
d S
enio
r C
itize
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, N
atio
nal P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
gove
rnm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal g
over
nmen
t, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, R
ed C
ross
m
ovem
ent
Con
duct
the
soci
al
mob
iliza
tion
prog
ram
s at
lo
cal l
evel
for
acce
ssib
ility
, re
pres
enta
tion
and
effe
ctiv
e pa
rtici
patio
n of
th
e ci
tizen
s an
d pe
ople
at
-ris
k in
the
form
ulat
ion
of
disa
ster
risk
man
agem
ent
prog
ram
s an
d po
licy
Soc
ial m
obili
zatio
n pr
ogra
ms
will
hav
e be
en c
ondu
cted
at t
he
loca
l lev
el fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k m
anag
emen
t
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
ad
min
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, lo
cal g
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
gove
rnm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, N
epal
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns,
com
mun
ity b
ased
or
gani
zatio
ns, p
oliti
cal
parti
es a
nd th
eir s
iste
r or
gani
zatio
ns
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t sp
ecia
l pro
gram
s on
di
sast
er ri
sk re
duct
ion
on
the
basi
s of
prio
rity
for t
he
high
ly v
ulne
rabl
e gr
oups
su
ch a
s th
e m
argi
naliz
ed
grou
ps o
f soc
iety
, wom
en,
peop
le w
ith d
isab
ility
, ch
ildre
n, a
nd e
lder
ly
pers
ons
Dis
aste
r ris
k of
w
omen
, chi
ldre
n,
elde
rly p
erso
ns,
pers
ons
with
dis
abili
ty
and
vuln
erab
le
com
mun
ity w
ill b
e
redu
ced
thro
ugh
impl
emen
tatio
n of
sp
ecia
l pro
gram
s
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Wom
en,
Chi
ldre
n an
d S
enio
r C
itize
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nat
iona
l P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
, N
atio
nal D
isas
ter R
isk
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
gove
rnm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal g
over
nmen
t, no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
103Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
PRIORITy AREA 3: PROMOTING COMPREHENSIVE RISk-INFORMED PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INVESTMENTS IN DISASTER RISk REDUCTION FOR RESILIENCE
Chapter 6
104 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
105Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Priority area 3- Promoting comPreHensive risk-informeD Private anD Public investments in Disaster risk reDuction for resilience
Private and public investments are important in disaster risk prevention
and mitigation through structural and non-structural measures in order to
increase physical, economic, social, health and cultural resilience of the
persons, community and nation. Such investment not only promotes disaster
risk reduction and resilience but also develops infrastructure, increases
production, and creates employment. These measures are also important
for post-disaster rapid recovery and rehabilitation. Conservation of heritages
like forest, water resources and land and retrofitting of the structural assets
like schools, health services, private and public infrastructures increase
disaster resilience. Risk sharing, poverty alleviation, promotion of income
generation and the means of livelihoods are important for risk reduction and
increasing resilience.
The practice of disaster risk insurance is at initial stage in Nepal. The systems
in practice elsewhere in the area of risk and compensation (for example,
micro-insurance, reserved fund, risk grouping and social mobilization, micro-
finance system, social security etc.) have not been established in Nepal, and
hence the poor and marginalized families and groups are in high risk. Various
financial mechanisms, for instance, annual budget allocation, emergency
fund and insurance mechanism can be used to increase disaster resilience.
106 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
This priority area will address the following:
1. Reduce existing disaster risk by investment in increasing resilience
2. Prevent future risks by promoting private and public investment in
disaster risk reduction
The following priority actions are stated in this priority area:
a. Promoting Investment in Increasing Resilience
b. Promoting Public investment in Disaster Risk Reduction
c. Promoting Private Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction
d. Increasing Disaster Resilience Through Risk Sharing, Insurance and
Social Security
107Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
6.1
Prom
otin
g in
vest
men
t in
incr
easi
ng r
esili
ence
The
phys
ical
infra
stru
ctur
e, e
duca
tiona
l and
hea
lth in
stitu
tions
, nat
ural
reso
urce
s, li
velih
ood
mea
ns a
nd s
kills
,
and
prod
uctio
n eq
uipm
ent,
prop
erty
and
inve
stm
ents
are
affe
cted
by
each
dis
aste
r. D
isas
ter
vuln
erab
ility
is in
crea
sing
in N
epal
due
to
long
ter
m lo
sses
of
the
mea
ns o
f liv
elih
ood
of t
he p
oor,
depr
ived
, la
ndle
ss,
mar
gina
lized
and
indi
vidu
al a
nd fa
mily
dep
ende
d on
dai
ly w
ages
. The
dis
aste
r re
silie
nce
can
be in
crea
sed
by in
crea
sing
inve
stm
ent i
n pu
blic
ser
vice
s, m
eans
of l
ivel
ihoo
d, a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
and
retro
fittin
g of
phy
sica
l
infra
stru
ctur
es. T
he fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re s
tate
d fo
r it.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Inve
st in
pro
gram
s an
d tra
inin
gs re
late
d to
em
ploy
men
t, sk
ill
deve
lopm
ent a
nd h
ealth
se
rvic
es a
s pe
r the
in
tere
st a
nd n
eces
sity
of
wom
en, c
hild
ren,
an
d ot
her b
ackw
ard
com
mun
ities
for
rais
ing
th
eir l
ivin
g st
anda
rd
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
of v
ulne
rabl
e co
mm
unity
will
be
incr
ease
d
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loc
al
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
- go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
C
ross
mov
emen
t, D
evel
opm
ent P
artn
ers
108 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Inve
st in
the
pro
gram
s
incr
easi
ng th
e m
arke
t ac
cess
of t
he g
oods
an
d se
rvic
es p
rodu
ced
by th
e ec
onom
ical
ly
wea
k, m
argi
naliz
ed a
nd
depr
ived
com
mun
ities
of
disa
ster
risk
are
a
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
of th
e co
mm
unity
of
disa
ster
ris
k ar
ea w
ill
be in
crea
sed
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try
of F
eder
al A
ffairs
and
G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e
Gov
ernm
ent,
Non
- gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent,
Dev
elop
men
t Par
tner
s
Giv
e sp
ecia
l atte
ntio
n to
impr
ove
Soc
ial
secu
rity,
Bas
ic h
ealth
, R
epro
duct
ive
heal
th,
Chi
ld h
ealth
, Ado
lesc
ents
he
alth
and
nut
ritio
n in
di
sast
er ri
sk a
rea
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
of th
e co
mm
unity
of
disa
ster
ris
k ar
ea w
ill
be in
crea
sed
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, M
inis
try o
f W
omen
, Chi
ldre
n an
d S
enio
r Citi
zens
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t, N
on- g
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
C
ross
mov
emen
t, D
evel
opm
ent P
artn
ers
109Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Form
ulat
e a
cle
ar p
lan
for r
etro
fittin
g an
d ot
her
alte
rnat
ives
by
iden
tifyi
ng
the
mos
t ess
entia
l se
rvic
es a
nd s
truct
ures
du
ring
emer
genc
y an
d
man
agin
g re
sour
ces
for
thei
r r
stru
ctur
al a
nd
oper
atio
nal c
ontin
uity
Dis
aste
r Res
ilien
ce
plan
will
be
avai
labl
e fo
r es
sent
ial
emer
genc
y se
rvic
es
and
stru
ctur
es
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth
and
Popu
latio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Cle
an th
e dr
aina
ge a
nd
wat
er c
ours
es b
efor
e m
onso
on
Cle
anin
g dr
aina
ge
and
wat
er c
ours
es
will
be
incr
ease
d fo
r flo
od re
silie
nce
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent,
Min
istry
of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e
Gov
ernm
ent
Enc
oura
ge th
e sa
fety
pr
ovis
ions
in v
ehic
les
prov
idin
g th
e fin
anci
al
ince
ntiv
es i
nclu
ding
tax
reba
te
Vehi
cles
will
hav
e se
curit
y pr
ovis
ions
S
hort
Term
Min
istry
of F
inan
ce,
Min
istry
of P
hysi
cal
Infra
stru
ctur
e an
d Tr
ansp
ort
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e, a
nd
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
110 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Con
stru
ct o
verp
asse
s,
unde
rpas
ses
for
road
cro
ssin
g by
the
pede
stria
ns
The
road
cro
ssin
g st
ruct
ures
(o
verp
asse
s,
unde
rpas
ses)
will
be
con
stru
cted
for
re
silie
nce
to r
oad
acci
dent
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
tries
of P
hysi
cal
Infra
stru
ctur
e an
d Tr
ansp
ort o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
stru
ct S
afet
y ba
rrie
rs,
Ste
el g
uard
-rai
ls, R
oad–
hum
ps, R
umbl
e st
rips,
R
eflec
tive
Roa
d m
arki
ngs,
S
igna
ls e
tc.
in ro
ads
havi
ng p
oten
tialit
y of
ac
cide
nt
Vario
us s
truct
ures
w
ill b
e co
nstru
cted
fo
r res
ilien
ce to
roa
d ac
cide
nt
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, de
velo
pmen
t par
tner
s
Bui
ld u
p ca
paci
ty o
f al
l sch
ools
of t
he
coun
try a
s th
e st
rong
est
stru
ctur
e by
con
stru
ctin
g,
reco
nstru
ctin
g an
d re
trofit
ting
inc
ludi
ng
mak
ing
capa
ble
of
prov
idin
g th
e s
afer
em
erge
ncy
resi
dent
ial
serv
ices
Sch
ools
will
m
ove
forw
ard
to d
isas
ter
resi
lienc
e
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy,
M
inis
try U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent,
Min
istry
of
Fed
eral
Affa
irs a
nd
Gen
eral
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
111Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t a
hand
book
for t
he
prot
ectio
n, m
aint
enan
ce
and
oper
atio
n of
his
toric
al
and
cultu
ral h
erita
ges
and
plac
es
A h
andb
ook
will
be
pre
pare
d an
d im
plem
ente
d fo
r res
ilien
ce o
f hi
stor
ical
and
cul
tura
l he
ritag
es a
nd p
lace
s
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of
Arc
haeo
logy
, D
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Con
stru
ctio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Incr
ease
inv
estm
ent
to re
duce
the
glac
ial
lake
s ou
tbur
st ri
sk o
f th
e po
tent
ial
haza
rdou
s gl
acia
l lak
es
Res
ilien
ce
will
be
incr
ease
d by
redu
cing
risk
fro
m G
laci
al L
ake
Out
burs
t
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
stru
ct p
onds
to
cons
erve
wat
er a
nd
colle
ct r
ain
wat
er
and
deve
lop
effic
ient
te
chno
logy
for
wat
er u
se
The
loss
cau
sed
by
flood
, dro
ught
s, a
nd
fire
will
be
redu
ced
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t, M
inis
try o
f E
nerg
y, W
ater
Res
ourc
e an
d Irr
igat
ion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed
Man
agem
ent,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t
Con
stru
ct a
fire
line
in th
e fo
rest
of d
ry a
reas
The
loss
by
fire
will
be
redu
ced
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f For
est a
nd
Env
ironm
ent o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent
112 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pro
mot
e th
e lo
cal
reso
urce
bas
ed G
reen
In
frast
ruct
ure
at p
rovi
nce
and
loca
l lev
el
Dis
aste
r and
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
resi
lienc
e w
ill b
e d
evel
oped
by
the
cons
truct
ion
of
gree
n in
frast
ruct
ure
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Incr
ease
inve
stm
ent
in c
onse
rvin
g La
ke,
Wet
land
s an
d Po
nds
The
loss
es b
y flo
od, d
roug
ht,
and
land
slid
e w
ill
be re
duce
d by
co
nser
ving
Lak
e,
Wet
land
s an
d Po
nds
Long
Ter
mTh
e M
inis
try o
f Fo
rest
an
d E
nviro
nmen
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed
Man
agem
ent,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t
Pro
mot
e al
tern
ativ
e en
ergy
at t
he F
eder
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal l
evel
to
redu
ce e
nviro
nmen
tal
degr
adat
ion
and
disa
ster
ris
k
Dis
aste
r and
clim
ate
chan
ge re
silie
nce
will
be
deve
lope
d by
th
e us
e of
alte
rnat
ive
ener
gy
Long
Ter
mA
ltern
ativ
e E
nerg
y P
rom
otio
n C
ente
r, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Bui
ld e
mer
genc
y tre
atm
ent c
apac
ity o
f ho
spita
ls a
nd a
ll he
alth
se
rvic
es
emer
genc
y tre
atm
ent
capa
city
will
be
incr
ease
d in
all
heal
th s
ervi
ces
for
disa
ster
resi
lienc
e
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth
and
Popu
latio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, big
and
regi
onal
ho
spita
ls, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
113Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h m
odel
sch
ools
fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
will
be
incr
ease
d in
ed
ucat
ion
sect
or
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t
Ret
rofit
of m
ain,
sub
–w
ays
and
high
way
s id
entif
ying
th
eir e
mer
genc
y st
rate
gic
impo
rtanc
e as
sess
ing
thei
r ris
k an
d di
sast
er re
silie
nce.
C
lear
ly id
entif
y, p
riorit
ize
and
cons
truct
alte
rnat
ive
way
s
Tran
spor
t sys
tem
will
m
ove
forw
ard
to b
e di
sast
er re
silie
nt
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
ial a
nd
loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Und
erta
ke s
truct
ural
an
d op
erat
iona
l cap
acity
bu
ildin
g an
d re
trofit
ting
of
the
exis
ting
airp
orts
Airp
orts
will
pro
gres
s to
war
ds d
isas
ter
resi
lienc
e
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
, To
uris
m a
nd C
ivil
Avi
atio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t
Con
stru
ct t
he n
ewly
und
er-
cons
truct
ion
inte
rnat
iona
l an
d re
gion
al a
irpor
ts
earth
quak
e an
d flo
od
resi
stan
t
Airp
orts
will
be
disa
ster
resi
lient
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
, To
uris
m a
nd C
ivil
Avi
atio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
114 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Incr
ease
inve
stm
ent
for r
etro
fittin
g of
risk
y in
frast
ruct
ures
(sch
ools
, ho
spita
ls, h
ealth
pos
ts,
wat
er s
uppl
y st
ruct
ures
, go
vern
men
t and
priv
ate
build
ings
, his
toric
al
and
cultu
ral h
erita
ges,
hy
drop
ower
hou
ses,
po
wer
sub
-sta
tion,
hy
drau
lic s
truct
ure
etc.
)
Ris
ky in
frast
ruct
ures
w
ill b
e sa
feLo
ng T
erm
Min
istry
of E
duca
tion,
S
cien
ce a
nd T
echn
olog
y,
Min
istry
of H
ealth
and
Po
pula
tion,
Min
istry
of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Enc
oura
ge w
ith th
e in
cent
ives
of t
ax re
bate
, an
d lo
w in
tere
st c
redi
t fo
r re
trofit
ting
of r
isky
pr
ivat
e re
side
nce,
hot
el,
shop
ping
mal
l, bu
sine
ss
and
indu
stria
l bui
ldin
gs
Priv
ate
stru
ctur
es w
ill
be s
afe
Long
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
115Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Con
stru
ct t
he
gove
rnm
ent o
ffice
s,
com
mun
ity b
uild
ings
, sc
hool
s, h
ospi
tals
and
sh
elte
rs f
riend
ly to
ch
ildre
n, e
lder
ly a
nd
disa
bled
per
sons
Dis
aste
r Res
ilien
ce
of c
hild
ren,
eld
erly
an
d d
isab
led
pers
ons
will
be
incr
ease
d
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy,
M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, M
inis
try o
f U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Loc
al
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t
Pro
mot
e al
tern
ativ
e m
eans
of l
ivel
ihoo
d, fl
ood
resi
stan
t agr
icul
tura
l sy
stem
, floo
d re
sist
ant
food
and
see
d st
orag
e et
c.
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
will
be
incr
ease
d
in th
e m
eans
of
livel
ihoo
d
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
es o
f th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
Agr
icul
ture
R
esea
rch
Cou
ncil
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
non-
gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
Pro
mot
e cl
imat
e sm
art
agric
ultu
reC
limat
e ris
k w
ill
be re
duce
d in
ag
ricul
ture
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
,
Nep
al A
gric
ultu
re
Res
earc
h C
ounc
il
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
non-
gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
116 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pro
mot
e bi
o-dy
kes,
af
fore
stat
ion,
fore
st
cons
erva
tion,
wat
ersh
ed
prot
ectio
n et
c. fo
r flo
od a
nd la
ndsl
ide
risk
redu
ctio
n
Floo
d an
d la
ndsl
ide
risk
will
be
redu
ced
thro
ugh
envi
ronm
ent
cons
erva
tion
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try o
f Fo
rest
and
Env
ironm
ent
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
non-
gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
Pur
sue
the
stru
ctur
al
mea
sure
s fo
r floo
d ris
k re
duct
ion
(for e
xam
ple,
em
bank
men
t, re
serv
oir,
chec
k-da
m e
tc.)
, Flo
od ri
sk w
ill b
e re
duce
d th
roug
h th
e st
ruct
ural
mea
sure
s
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Ene
rgy,
Wat
er
Res
ourc
es a
nd Ir
rigat
ion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Pur
sue
the
stru
ctur
al
mea
sure
s fo
r lan
dslid
e ris
k re
duct
ion
(for
exam
ple,
slo
pe
stab
iliza
tion,
geo
met
ry
mod
ifica
tion,
sur
face
er
osio
n co
ntro
l, im
prov
ed
drai
nage
etc
.)
, Lan
dslid
e ris
k w
ill b
e re
duce
d th
roug
h th
e st
ruct
ural
m
easu
res
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Ene
rgy,
W
ater
Res
ourc
es a
nd
Irrig
atio
n, M
inis
try o
f Fo
rest
and
Env
ironm
ent
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
117Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
clim
ate
smar
t vi
llage
s an
d ci
ties
Clim
ate
risk
will
be
redu
ced
in v
illag
es
and
citie
s
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion,
Min
istry
of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
stru
ct u
rban
dra
inag
e sy
stem
and
impr
ove
the
exis
ting
drai
nage
sys
tem
Urb
an fl
ood
risk
will
be
redu
ced
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
118 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
6.2
Prom
otin
g Pu
blic
inve
stm
ent i
n D
isas
ter
ris
k r
educ
tion
On
the
basi
s of
dis
aste
r ris
k as
sess
men
t, pu
blic
age
ncie
s ne
ed to
allo
cate
an
adeq
uate
bud
get f
or d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n pu
rsui
ng a
nnua
l and
per
iodi
c pl
ans.
It is
nec
essa
ry to
arr
ange
a fu
nd fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
and
man
agem
ent f
rom
fede
ral t
o th
e lo
cal l
evel
. The
follo
win
g st
rate
gic
activ
ities
are
sta
ted
for i
t.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Mak
e a
prov
isio
n to
util
ize
Prim
e M
inis
ter N
atur
al
Dis
aste
r Rel
ief F
und
in
prep
ared
ness
bef
ore
disa
ster
Dis
aste
r pr
epar
edne
ss a
nd
resp
onse
s w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
Sho
rt Te
rmO
ffice
of P
rime
Min
iste
r an
d th
e C
ounc
il of
M
inis
ters
, Nat
iona
l P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
, M
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fi
nanc
e
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Mak
e a
prov
isio
n to
al
loca
te m
inim
um 5
%
of a
nnua
l bud
get b
y al
l se
ctor
al a
genc
ies
for
disa
ster
Ris
k re
duct
ion
Sec
tor w
ise
inve
stm
ent f
or
disa
ster
risk
re
duct
ion
will
be
ensu
red
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Mak
e a
prov
isio
n to
al
loca
te m
inim
um 1
0% o
f co
st o
f roa
d co
nstru
ctio
n fo
r roa
d sa
fety
Inve
stm
ent f
or
redu
cing
road
ac
cide
nt ri
sk w
ill b
e en
sure
d
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t, M
inis
try
of F
inan
ce o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, N
atio
nal P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
119Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Mak
e a
prov
isio
n to
sp
end
Roa
ds B
oard
Fun
d in
road
s sa
fety
The
inve
stm
ent
for r
educ
ing
road
ac
cide
nt ri
sk w
ill b
e en
sure
d
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Roa
ds B
oard
, Min
istry
of
Fin
ance
, Nat
iona
l P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Follo
w G
ende
r R
espo
nsiv
e B
udge
ting
Sys
tem
whi
le p
repa
ring
the
prog
ram
and
bud
get
for d
isas
ter r
isk
redu
ctio
n at
Fed
eral
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal l
evel
Gen
der e
qual
ity
in d
isas
ter r
isk
redu
ctio
n w
ill b
e es
tabl
ishe
d fo
llow
ing
Gen
der R
espo
nsiv
e B
udge
ting
Sys
tem
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Allo
cate
ade
quat
e bu
dget
in
clud
ing
Gen
der E
qual
ity
and
Soc
ial I
nclu
sion
in
annu
al p
rogr
ams
by a
ll se
ctor
al a
genc
ies
The
budg
et w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for G
ende
r E
qual
ity a
nd S
ocia
l In
clus
ion
in D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Est
ablis
h a
proc
edur
e to
pe
rmit
for b
udge
t tra
nsfe
r fro
m th
e de
velo
pmen
t pr
ojec
ts to
util
ize
in p
ost
disa
ster
reco
nstru
ctio
n
Inve
stm
ent f
or
reco
nstru
ctio
n w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
120 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h Pe
asan
t's
Wel
fare
Fun
d as
per
the
A
gric
ultu
ral D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
of p
easa
nts
will
be
incr
ease
d th
roug
h es
tabl
ishi
ng
Peas
ant's
Wel
fare
Fu
nd
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t an
d C
oope
rativ
es,
Min
istry
of F
inan
ce o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Est
ablis
h E
co D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent F
und
from
Fe
dera
l to
Loc
al a
nd
com
mun
ity le
vel
The
fund
will
be
ava
ilabl
e fo
r en
viro
nmen
t fri
endl
y di
sast
er ri
sk
redu
ctio
n
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, M
inis
try o
f H
ome
Affa
irs, M
inis
try o
f Fo
rest
and
Env
ironm
ent,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
121Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
6.3
Prom
otin
g Pr
ivat
e in
vest
men
t in
Dis
aste
r r
isk
red
uctio
n
It is
nec
essa
ry to
pre
pare
and
impl
emen
t a b
usin
ess
cont
inui
ty p
lan
on th
e ba
sis
of d
isas
ter r
isk
asse
ssm
ent i
n
busi
ness
es a
nd in
dust
ries.
Inve
stm
ents
by
priv
ate
sect
ors,
ban
ks, c
oope
rativ
es a
nd c
omm
unity
org
aniz
atio
ns
for d
isas
ter r
isk
redu
ctio
n ne
ed to
be
mad
e ea
sy. T
he s
trate
gic
activ
ities
for i
t are
sta
ted
belo
w.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Enc
oura
ge to
pre
pare
an
d im
plem
ent a
bu
sine
ss c
ontin
uity
pla
n du
ring
disa
ster
by
smal
l bu
sine
ss a
nd in
dust
ries
Priv
ate
busi
ness
es
will
be
oper
atio
nal
durin
g di
sast
er d
ue
to p
repa
ratio
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of
busi
ness
con
tinui
ty
plan
Sho
rt Te
rmFe
dera
tion
of N
epal
ese
C
ham
bers
of C
omm
erce
an
d In
dust
ry, p
rivat
e se
ctor
, Min
istry
of
Indu
stry
, Com
mer
ce a
nd
Sup
ply
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Enc
oura
ge th
e ta
x re
batin
g as
an
ince
ntiv
e to
pro
mot
e re
sour
ce
mob
iliza
tion
by p
rivat
e se
ctor
s in
dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
activ
ities
Priv
ate
inve
stm
ent
will
be
avai
labl
e fo
r dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
in
infra
stru
ctur
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
alC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
122 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
and
pro
mot
e al
tern
ativ
e an
d In
nova
tive
Fina
ncia
l Ins
trum
ents
, fo
r exa
mpl
e, F
orec
ast
Bas
ed F
inan
cing
, m
icro
in
vest
men
t, m
icro
cre
dit,
insu
ranc
e, re
insu
ranc
e et
c. fo
r dis
aste
r Ris
k re
duct
ion
Hum
anita
rian
fund
w
ill b
e m
obili
zed
base
d on
the
scie
ntifi
c da
ta. I
n ad
ditio
n, in
volv
emen
t of
the
priv
ate
sect
or
in d
isas
ter R
isk
redu
ctio
n w
ill b
e in
crea
sed
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
al R
astra
B
ank,
Insu
ranc
e B
oard
, Ras
triya
Bee
ma
San
stha
n, P
rivat
e S
ecto
r
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Est
ablis
h an
arr
ange
men
t of
Mic
rofin
ance
, int
eres
t-fre
e lo
an, c
ondi
tiona
l cas
h tra
nsfe
r et
c. fo
r di
sast
er
affe
cted
indi
vidu
al a
nd
com
mun
ity
Dis
aste
r rec
over
y of
dis
aste
r affe
cted
in
divi
dual
and
co
mm
unity
will
be
enha
nced
Med
ium
Ter
mN
epal
Ras
tra B
ank,
C
oope
rativ
esC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Incr
ease
priv
ate
inve
stm
ent i
n Po
st
Dis
aste
r Rec
over
y an
d R
econ
stru
ctio
n th
roug
h
the
prog
ram
of C
orpo
rate
S
ocia
l Res
pons
ibili
ty
Priv
ate
inve
stm
ent
will
be
incr
ease
d in
Rec
over
y an
d R
econ
stru
ctio
n
Med
ium
Ter
mFe
dera
tion
of N
epal
ese
Cha
mbe
rs o
f Com
mer
ce
and
Indu
stry
, Min
istry
of
Fin
ance
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
123Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
pub
lic-p
rivat
e re
sour
ce m
obili
zatio
n
syst
em fo
r rec
onst
ruct
ion
of th
e bu
ildin
gs a
nd
plac
es th
at a
re e
nlis
ted
in
the
wor
ld, n
atio
nal a
nd
loca
l her
itage
s
Pub
lic-p
rivat
e re
sour
ce w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
for
reco
nstru
ctio
n of
he
ritag
e bu
ildin
gs
and
plac
es
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
, M
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
, To
uris
m a
nd C
ivil
Avi
atio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Fede
ratio
n of
Nep
ales
e C
ham
bers
of C
omm
erce
an
d In
dust
ry
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Pro
mot
e jo
int p
ublic
-pr
ivat
e in
vest
men
t in
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n pr
epar
ing
Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Inve
stm
ent
and
Insu
ranc
e S
trate
gy
Priv
ate
inve
stm
ent
will
be
avai
labl
e in
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on, P
rivat
e S
ecto
r
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Mak
e ea
sy a
rran
gem
ent
for i
nves
tmen
t in
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n by
the
Ban
k, C
oope
rativ
es
and
com
mun
ity b
ased
or
gani
zatio
ns (F
ores
t U
sers
Gro
up, D
airy
C
oope
rativ
es)
Dis
aste
r Ris
k an
d Lo
ss w
ill b
e re
duce
d Lo
ng T
erm
Nep
al R
astra
Ban
k,
Nat
iona
l Coo
pera
tives
D
evel
opm
ent
Boa
rd, F
eder
atio
n of
C
omm
unity
For
estry
U
sers
Nep
al, P
over
ty
Alle
viat
ion
Fund
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
124 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Mob
ilize
bila
tera
l, m
ulti-
late
ral a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
l res
ourc
es
for r
econ
stru
ctio
n of
im
porta
nt in
frast
ruct
ures
an
d he
ritag
e bu
ildin
gs
Inte
rnat
iona
l re
sour
ces
and
inve
stm
ent w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
for
reco
nstru
ctio
n of
impo
rtant
in
frast
ruct
ures
and
he
ritag
e bu
ildin
gs
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
, M
inis
try F
orei
gn A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
Dev
elop
men
t Par
tner
s
6.4
incr
easi
ng D
isas
ter
res
ilien
ce th
roug
h r
isk
tran
sfer
, ins
uran
ce a
nd s
ocia
l sec
urity
It is
nec
essa
ry to
dev
elop
risk
sha
ring
mec
hani
sm li
ke a
gric
ultu
re a
nd li
vest
ock
insu
ranc
e, m
icro
insu
ranc
e,
emer
genc
y fu
nd,
loan
/ cr
edit
with
nom
inal
inte
rest
. D
espi
te h
avin
g su
ffici
ent
soci
al s
ecur
ity p
rogr
ams,
the
acce
ssib
ility
of s
uch
prog
ram
s is
une
ven
in d
iffer
ent g
eogr
aphi
cal r
egio
ns. S
uch
soci
al s
ecur
ity p
rogr
ams
are
need
ed to
be
linke
d w
ith d
isas
ter r
esili
ence
. The
follo
win
g st
rate
gic
activ
ities
are
sta
ted
for i
t.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Arr
ange
a p
rovi
sion
fo
r life
insu
ranc
e of
th
e di
sast
er v
ulne
rabl
e gr
oups
and
indi
vidu
al a
nd
com
mun
ities
invo
lved
in
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
of th
e di
sast
er
vuln
erab
le g
roup
s an
d in
divi
dual
an
d co
mm
uniti
es
invo
lved
in D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent w
ill b
e in
crea
sed
Sho
rt Te
rmIn
sura
nce
Boa
rd,
Ras
triya
Bee
ma
San
stha
n, N
epal
In
sure
rs A
ssoc
iatio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
125Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Rev
iew
the
exis
ting
prac
tice
of ri
sk s
harin
g in
Agr
icul
ture
and
Li
vest
ock
Insu
ranc
e
App
ropr
iate
In
sura
nce
syst
em
will
be
iden
tified
fo
r agr
icul
ture
and
liv
esto
ck in
Nep
al
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try
of F
inan
ce o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, D
evel
opm
ent P
artn
ers
Est
ablis
h ag
ricul
ture
in
sura
nce,
far
mer
’s
bene
fit p
rogr
am a
nd
food
and
see
ds s
tora
ges
to a
ddre
ss in
crea
sing
di
sast
er (F
lood
, D
roug
ht, C
old
wav
e)
risks
in a
gric
ultu
re a
nd
the
chal
leng
e of
food
in
secu
rity
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce in
ag
ricul
ture
sec
tor w
ill
be in
crea
sed
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try
of F
inan
ce o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, In
sura
nce
Boa
rd
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Enf
orce
the
third
par
ty
cove
rage
insu
ranc
e in
life
in
sura
nce,
mot
or v
ehic
les
insu
ranc
e et
c.
Vario
us ty
pes
of d
isas
ter r
isk
insu
ranc
e w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for r
oad
acci
dent
Sho
rt Te
rmIn
sura
nce
Boa
rd,
Ras
triya
Bee
ma
San
stha
n, M
inis
try o
f Fi
nanc
e, N
epal
Insu
rers
A
ssoc
iatio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
126 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t th
e pl
ans
for c
omm
unity
ba
sed,
con
tribu
tion
base
d, m
icro
insu
ranc
e,
lives
tock
insu
ranc
e,
farm
ing
insu
ranc
e,
Farm
er’s
rese
rved
fund
, ris
k gr
oupi
ng
Com
mun
ity b
ased
va
rious
form
s of
Dis
aste
r Ris
k In
sura
nce
plan
will
be
ava
ilabl
e
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
, M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, In
sura
nce
Boa
rd
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Pro
mot
e P
ublic
-priv
ate
partn
ersh
ip to
attr
act
parti
cipa
tion
and
inve
stm
ent o
f priv
ate
sect
or in
Dis
aste
r Ris
k In
sura
nce,
Ris
k sh
arin
g pr
ogra
ms
(e.g
. Mic
ro
Insu
ranc
e,em
erge
ncy
fund
, low
in
tere
st c
redi
t pla
n)
Polic
y pr
ovis
ion
for p
ublic
-priv
ate
partn
ersh
ip in
risk
sh
arin
g w
ill b
e im
plem
ente
d
Med
ium
Ter
mN
atio
nal P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
, Min
istry
of
Fin
ance
, Ins
uran
ce
Boa
rd, M
inis
try o
f H
ome
Affa
irs, M
inis
try
of U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t, M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Exp
and
con
tribu
tion-
base
d in
sura
nce
syst
em
to p
rote
ct m
eans
of
livel
ihoo
d, s
kill,
equ
ipm
ent
and
inve
stm
ent f
rom
di
sast
er
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce o
f m
eans
of l
ivel
ihoo
d w
ill b
e in
crea
sed
thro
ugh
insu
ranc
e
Med
ium
Ter
mIn
sura
nce
Boa
rd,
Ras
triya
Bee
ma
San
stha
n, M
inis
try o
f Fi
nanc
e, N
epal
Insu
rers
A
ssoc
iatio
n
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
127Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Mak
e a
prov
isio
n fo
r di
sast
er a
ffect
ed f
amili
es
livin
g be
low
the
pove
rty
line
to a
ctiv
ate
insu
ranc
e be
nefit
aut
omat
ical
ly if
im
pact
ed b
y th
e di
sast
er
by d
evel
opin
g an
in
tegr
ated
reco
rd s
yste
m
of p
oor,
land
less
, and
de
priv
ed fa
mili
es
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
of th
e fa
mili
es li
ving
be
low
the
pove
rty
line
will
be
incr
ease
d th
roug
h in
sura
nce
Med
ium
Ter
mR
astri
ya B
eem
a S
anst
han,
insu
ranc
e co
mpa
nies
, Min
istry
of
Fina
nce
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Rev
iew
the
acc
essi
bilit
y an
d be
nefit
sta
tus
of
the
vario
us p
rogr
ams
of
soci
al s
ecur
ity o
f ta
rget
ed
grou
p, c
omm
unity
, and
ge
ogra
phic
al a
reas
and
lin
k th
ese
prog
ram
s to
di
sast
er re
silie
nce
Dis
aste
r res
ilien
ce
will
be
incr
ease
d th
roug
h so
cial
se
curit
y pr
ogra
m
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Wom
en,
Chi
ldre
n an
d S
enio
r Citi
zens
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dal
it C
omm
issi
on, W
omen
C
omm
issi
on, M
inis
try o
f E
duca
tion,
Sci
ence
and
Te
chno
logy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
128 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pro
mot
e di
sast
er
insu
ranc
e fo
r pub
lic
build
ings
, sch
ools
, ho
spita
ls, h
ealth
pos
ts,
and
criti
cal i
nfra
stru
ctur
es
(hyd
raul
ic s
truct
ure,
he
ritag
e bu
ildin
gs,
brid
ges,
wat
er s
uppl
y an
d sa
nita
tion
syst
em,
hydr
opow
er s
truct
ure,
ca
nals
tran
smis
sion
line
, su
b-st
atio
n, a
nd a
irpor
t) an
d re
view
exi
stin
g re
leva
nt in
sura
nce
polic
ies
Dis
aste
r ris
k in
sura
nce
will
be
effe
ctiv
e
Long
Ter
mR
astri
ya B
eem
a S
anst
han,
insu
ranc
e co
mpa
nies
, Min
istry
of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
129Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
PRIORITy AREA 4: ENHANCING DISASTER PREPAREDNESS FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE AND TO “BUILD BACk BETTER” IN RECOVERy, REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
Chapter 7
130 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
131Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
enHancing Disaster PrePareDness for effective resPonse anD to “builD back better” in recovery, reHabilitation anD reconstruction
This priority area covers disaster preparedness, response, recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction. The preparedness mainly consists of
disaster risk forecasting, early warning system, emergency preparedness
plan, collection and storage of emergency items, safe evacuation, and –
mock drills. Response covers the activities of disaster emergency service
and assistance during or immediately after the disaster. Saving human life
and preventing the additional physical loss are the priority actions of this
stage. Search, rescue, relief, emergency health services, temporary shelter,
safe drinking water and sanitation, and arrangement of food are the other
priority activities of this stage. After the completion of emergency phase,
the recovery activities such as improvement and normalization of disaster
affected services and facilities, income generation and other livelihood
activities need to be pursued. The campaign to “Build Back Better” in
rehabilitation and reconstruction also begins in this phase with the activities
like raising people’s awareness, strong plan, institutional strengthening and
coordination.
Multi-hazard early warning systems are proven very effective in enhancing
disaster preparedness. In order to implement the early warning system, it
requires institutionalized arrangements for adequately timed early warning
of the impact of probable disaster events. The effectiveness of early warning
systems has been proven by the benefits provided by flood early warning
132 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
systems to reduce loss of human life and property in recent flood incidents
in some of the flood prone river basins. The current experience on flood early
warning system needs to be expanded to other major and small river basins.
This requires investment in developing, operationalizing and strengthening
multi-sectoral impact based, multi-hazard forecasting and early warning
systems.
Multi-hazard early warning system at the federal, province and local levels
need to be developed through participatory process, using the information
obtained by assessing the social and cultural requirements, particularly the
needs of women, elderly persons and children including the requirements of
the users. For this, mobile apps and web portal can also be developed.
The following priority actions are provided under this Priority Area for
enhancing disaster preparedness and to “Build Back Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
a. Strengthening Disaster Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response
b. Development of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Disaster
Preparedness
c. Promotion of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction
d. Strengthening Communication and Dissemination for Disaster
Preparedness
e. Capacity Building for Search and Rescue
f. Promoting “Build Back Better” Approach for Recovery, Rehabilitation
and Reconstruction
133Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
7.1.
str
engt
heni
ng D
isas
ter
Prep
ared
ness
for
effe
ctiv
e D
isas
ter
res
pons
e
Ther
e is
a n
eed
of in
stitu
tiona
l, po
licy
and
prog
ram
rel
ated
cap
acity
bui
ldin
g fo
r di
sast
er p
repa
redn
ess
at
the
loca
l le
vel.
It is
nec
essa
ry t
o st
reng
then
the
exi
stin
g em
erge
ncy
oper
atio
n ce
nter
s, a
nd e
xpan
d an
d
oper
ate
emer
genc
y op
erat
ion
cent
ers
from
pro
vinc
e to
the
loca
l lev
el. T
he fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
cial
and
loca
l lev
el
gove
rnm
ents
nee
d to
est
ablis
h st
orag
e ho
uses
and
sto
re a
n ad
equa
te a
mou
nt o
f foo
d, w
ater
, med
icin
e, a
nd
othe
r rel
ief i
tem
s, in
clud
ing
resc
ue e
quip
men
t. Th
e fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re s
tate
d fo
r it.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
yD
evel
op in
stitu
tiona
l, po
licy
and
prog
ram
s re
late
d ca
paci
ty a
t the
lo
cal l
evel
to in
sure
th
e pr
iorit
y of
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t in
its
wor
king
are
as
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t will
be
effe
ctiv
e at
loca
l lev
el
due
to in
crea
sed
inst
itutio
nal,
polic
y an
d pr
ogra
m re
late
d ca
paci
ty
Sho
rt Te
rmLo
cal G
over
nmen
t C
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t In
tegr
ated
Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
espo
nse
Sys
tem
Dis
aste
r res
pons
e w
ill b
e un
iform
nat
ion
wid
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
134 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Est
ablis
h th
e em
erge
ncy
oper
atio
n ce
nter
s at
P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l lev
els
Dis
aste
r res
pons
e w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
at P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l lev
els
by th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f em
erge
ncy
oper
atio
n ce
nter
s
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Iden
tify
the
evac
uatio
n ro
ute
and
the
area
of
ass
embl
y in
eac
h pu
blic
, gov
ernm
ent,
and
corp
orat
e bu
ildin
gs a
nd
mar
k an
d de
mar
cate
th
ese
Pub
lic b
uild
ings
an
d ar
eas
will
be
prep
ared
for d
isas
ter
resp
onse
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Priv
ate
Sec
tor
Upd
ate
Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
espo
nse
Fram
ewor
k an
d D
istri
ct
Dis
aste
r Pre
pare
dnes
s an
d R
espo
nse
Pla
n fo
r for
ecas
t bas
ed
emer
genc
y pr
epar
edne
ss
and
resp
onse
Sta
ndar
d op
erat
ing
proc
edur
es w
ill b
e up
date
d fo
r For
ecas
t ba
sed
Em
erge
ncy
Pre
pare
dnes
s an
d R
espo
nse
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
135Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
yP
repa
re Im
mig
ratio
n E
mer
genc
y A
ctio
n P
lan
Imm
igra
tion
area
s w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed fo
r em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Civ
il A
viat
ion
Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Stre
ngth
en d
isas
ter
prep
ared
ness
at a
irpor
ts
and
prac
tice
sim
ulat
ions
an
d m
ock
drill
s re
gula
rly
on "G
et A
irpor
ts R
eady
for
Dis
aste
r"
Airp
orts
will
be
read
y fo
r em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
, To
uris
m a
nd C
ivil
Avi
atio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Civ
il A
viat
ion
Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Est
ablis
h ad
equa
te h
uman
an
d liv
esto
ck s
helte
rs a
t th
e lo
cal l
evel
Saf
er p
lace
s w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for s
helte
r du
ring
disa
ster
at t
he
loca
l lev
el
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Est
ablis
h t
he lo
gist
ics
faci
litie
s in
clud
ing
the
emer
genc
y co
mm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
at p
rovi
nces
The
resp
onse
will
be
effe
ctiv
e at
the
prov
ince
leve
l by
esta
blis
hing
the
faci
litie
s
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
- gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, U
N
Age
ncie
s, H
uman
itaria
n or
gani
zatio
ns
136 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
yA
rran
ge re
liabl
e w
ater
, la
nd, a
ir an
d ot
her
trans
port
serv
ices
and
lo
gist
ics
man
agem
ent
mec
hani
sm a
nd in
crea
se
acce
ss to
rem
ote
area
s
Ser
vice
s w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
due
to
effe
ctiv
e lo
gist
ics
man
agem
ent
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
- gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, U
N
Age
ncie
s, H
uman
itaria
n or
gani
zatio
nsD
evel
op in
frast
ruct
ure
and
othe
r stru
ctur
es
incl
udin
g es
sent
ial
com
mun
icat
ion
faci
litie
s an
d ac
com
mod
atio
n
in v
ario
us to
uris
tic
dest
inat
ions
of t
he c
ount
ry
to re
duce
dis
aste
r ris
k ba
sed
on th
e co
ncep
t of
Saf
er T
rekk
ing
Sys
tem
Dis
aste
r ris
k w
ill
be re
duce
d in
to
uris
tic d
estin
atio
ns
by a
rran
ging
the
com
mun
icat
ion
faci
litie
s an
d ac
com
mod
atio
n
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
, To
uris
m a
nd C
ivil
Avi
atio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of T
ouris
m, N
epal
To
uris
m D
evel
opm
ent
Boa
rd, N
epal
Tou
rism
A
ssoc
iatio
n, L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
ts
Est
ablis
h D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent a
nd H
igh
Mou
ntai
neer
ing
Sch
ool
and
Res
cue
Cen
ter f
or
mou
ntai
n cl
imbi
ng a
nd
trekk
ing
in h
igh
altit
ude
of
mou
ntai
n re
gion
Dis
aste
r ris
k w
ill
be re
duce
d fo
r the
m
ount
aine
erin
g an
d tre
kkin
g in
hig
h al
titud
e
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
, To
uris
m a
nd C
ivil
Avi
atio
n,
Min
istry
of H
ome
Affa
irs,
Min
istry
of D
efen
se o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
137Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
yE
stab
lish
Trau
ma
Car
e C
ente
rs in
maj
or c
ities
A
dequ
ate
faci
litie
s w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
for t
he
treat
men
t of w
ound
ed
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth
and
Popu
latio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nep
al R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
Est
ablis
h st
orag
e or
w
areh
ouse
s fo
r foo
d,
wat
er, m
edic
ine,
and
oth
er
relie
f mat
eria
ls a
nd re
scue
eq
uipm
ent a
t Fed
eral
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Lev
el
Sto
rage
hou
ses
for
relie
f and
resc
ue
mat
eria
ls w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
in d
isas
ter
sens
itive
pla
ces
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
- gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, U
N
agen
cies
, Hum
anita
rian
orga
niza
tions
Sto
re a
dequ
ate
amou
nt
of
food
, drin
ks a
nd n
on-
food
item
s, s
eeds
, ani
mal
fe
eds
incl
udin
g em
erge
ncy
resc
ue e
quip
men
t (bo
at,
life
jack
et, fi
re e
ngin
e,
ambu
lanc
e, s
tretc
her e
tc.)
at fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
ce a
nd
loca
l lev
els
Rel
ief a
nd re
scue
m
ater
ials
will
be
avai
labl
e in
dis
aste
r se
nsiti
ve p
lace
s
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
- gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, U
N
agen
cies
, Hum
anita
rian
orga
niza
tions
138 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
yS
tore
ade
quat
e am
ount
of
ess
entia
l spe
cial
food
, m
edic
ine,
san
itary
mat
eria
l an
d au
xilia
ry e
quip
men
t ne
eded
to w
omen
, pr
egna
nt w
omen
, chi
ldre
n,
elde
rly a
nd d
isab
le
pers
ons,
and
pat
ient
s at
lo
cal l
evel
sto
rage
hou
ses
In e
mer
genc
y,
spec
ial n
eeds
of t
he
vuln
erab
le g
roup
s w
ill
be a
ddre
ssed
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
- gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, U
N
agen
cies
, Hum
anita
rian
orga
niza
tions
7.2
Dev
elop
ing
mul
ti-H
azar
d ea
rly
war
ning
sys
tem
for
Dis
aste
r Pr
epar
edne
ss
It is
nec
essa
ry t
o st
reng
then
exi
stin
g fo
reca
stin
g an
d ea
rly w
arni
ng s
yste
ms
and
esta
blis
h ea
rly w
arni
ng
syst
ems
for
maj
or h
azar
ds.
Cap
acity
bui
ldin
g of
the
con
cern
ed o
rgan
izat
ions
and
age
ncie
s is
nee
ded
for
fore
cast
ing
maj
or h
azar
ds. T
he A
war
enes
s ra
isin
g an
d tra
inin
g pr
ogra
ms
need
to b
e co
nduc
ted
for
taki
ng
furth
er s
teps
afte
r get
ting
the
early
war
ning
info
rmat
ion.
Pre
parin
g th
e st
anda
rd o
pera
ting
proc
edur
e of
ear
ly
war
ning
sys
tem
s, t
he r
oles
and
res
pons
ibili
ties
of v
ario
us a
genc
ies
need
to
be m
ade
clea
r. Th
e fo
llow
ing
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re d
eter
min
ed fo
r it.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Upd
ate
and
upgr
ade
the
exis
ting
oper
atio
nal fl
ood
and
glac
ial l
ake
outb
urst
flo
od e
arly
war
ning
sy
stem
s
Exi
stin
g ea
rly w
arni
ng
syst
ems
will
be
impr
oved
Con
tinuo
usD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
and
loca
l go
vern
men
t
139Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Pro
duce
and
dis
sem
inat
e ea
rly w
arni
ng in
form
atio
n by
ana
lyzi
ng a
nd
fore
cast
ing
data
of m
ajor
ha
zard
s
Ear
ly w
arni
ng
info
rmat
ion
will
be
pro
duce
d an
d di
ssem
inat
ed
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity,
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Wat
er In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil
Con
serv
atio
n an
d W
ater
shed
M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ce/ H
ealth
E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ter,
Dep
artm
ent o
f M
ines
and
Geo
logy
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent
Pla
ce e
ssen
tial s
igns
an
d eq
uipm
ent f
or
early
war
ning
sys
tem
in
pote
ntia
l ac
cide
nt a
reas
of
ever
y ro
ads
netw
ork
Ess
entia
l sig
ns a
nd
equi
pmen
t will
be
in
plac
e fo
r ear
ly w
arni
ng
in p
oten
tial
acci
dent
ar
eas
of e
very
roa
ds
netw
ork
Con
tinuo
usM
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent
140 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Con
duct
aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
and
train
ing
prog
ram
s on
th
e st
eps
to b
e fo
llow
ed
afte
r rec
eivi
ng th
e ea
rly
war
ning
s fo
r diff
eren
t ha
zard
s
App
ropr
iate
act
iviti
es
will
be
ensu
red
to b
e ta
ken
afte
r ge
tting
ear
ly w
arni
ng
info
rmat
ion
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
ial a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed to
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
, Dep
artm
ent
of F
ores
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Wat
er In
duce
d D
isas
ter M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
141Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Pre
pare
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
re t
o gu
ide
the
ope
ratio
n of
ea
rly w
arni
ng s
yste
m
and
the
proc
ess
of e
arly
w
arni
ng in
form
atio
n di
ssem
inat
ion
betw
een
diffe
rent
org
aniz
atio
ns
invo
lved
in d
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent
Sta
ndar
d op
erat
ing
proc
edur
e w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for o
pera
ting
early
war
ning
sys
tem
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
ial a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
For
est,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
N
on- G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
142 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Ens
ure
the
acce
ss,
repr
esen
tatio
n an
d ef
fect
ive
par
ticip
atio
n of
w
omen
, chi
ldre
n, e
lder
ly
pers
ons,
dis
able
d pe
ople
, in
dige
nous
and
vul
nera
ble
com
mun
ity in
ear
ly
war
ning
, sys
tem
Ear
ly w
arni
ng s
yste
m
will
be
incl
usiv
e S
hort
Term
Min
istry
of H
ome
Affa
irs
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al/ N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity,
P
rovi
ncia
l and
Loc
al
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
For
est,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
N
on- G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t, Po
litic
al
parti
es a
nd th
eir S
iste
r O
rgan
izat
ions
143Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Util
ize
kno
wle
dge,
ski
lls,
expe
rienc
e an
d tra
ditio
nal
prac
tices
of s
enio
r citi
zens
an
d in
dige
nous
peo
ple
in
early
war
ning
sys
tem
Indi
geno
us k
now
ledg
e an
d ex
perie
nce
will
be
incl
uded
in e
arly
w
arni
ng s
yste
m
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
ial a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
For
est,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
N
on- G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t, Po
litic
al
parti
es a
nd th
eir S
iste
r O
rgan
izat
ions
Inco
rpor
ate
Ear
ly W
arni
ng
Sys
tem
in tr
aini
ngs
and
ed
ucat
iona
l cur
ricul
um
rela
ted
to D
isas
ter R
isk
Man
agem
ent
Ther
e w
ill b
e st
udy
and
teac
hing
on
Ear
ly
War
ning
Sys
tem
Med
ium
Ter
mU
nive
rsiti
es, E
duca
tiona
l In
stitu
tions
, tra
inin
g ce
nter
s
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d lo
cal g
over
nmen
t, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
144 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Dev
elop
and
inst
all s
mok
e de
tect
or a
nd fi
re a
larm
in
all
publ
ic b
uild
ings
, sc
hool
s, h
ospi
tals
, and
im
porta
nt in
frast
ruct
ures
at
the
Fede
ral,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal l
evel
,
Loss
due
to fi
re
disa
ster
will
be
redu
ced
with
Fire
E
arly
War
ning
Sys
tem
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
M
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy,
M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Dev
elop
and
ope
rate
m
athe
mat
ical
for
ecas
ting
mod
els
for m
ajor
haz
ards
The
fore
cast
ing
will
pr
ovid
e ex
tend
ed
lead
tim
e fo
r ear
ly
war
ning
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gy,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Wat
er
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Soi
l Con
serv
atio
n an
d W
ater
shed
Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f For
est,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth
Ser
vice
s
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
145Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Dev
elop
info
rmat
ion
mat
eria
ls (b
ook,
bro
chur
e,
notic
e, e
lect
roni
c m
essa
ge
etc.
) on
ear
ly w
arni
ng
syst
em fo
r vul
nera
ble
targ
et c
omm
uniti
es
(wom
en, c
hild
ren,
eld
erly
pe
rson
s di
sabl
ed p
eopl
e,
indi
geno
us, D
alit,
dep
rived
)
Targ
eted
gro
ups
will
be
wel
l inf
orm
ed
abou
t ear
ly w
arni
ng
syst
em
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
ial a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
For
est,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
ed
ucat
iona
l Ins
titut
ions
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
146 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Con
duct
aw
aren
ess
prog
ram
s on
Ear
ly W
arni
ng
Sys
tem
by
wor
ksho
ps,
mee
tings
and
mas
s m
edia
Aw
aren
ess
will
be
incr
ease
d on
Ear
ly
War
ning
Sys
tem
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
ial a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
For
est,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
ed
ucat
iona
l Ins
titut
ions
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
147Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Con
duct
regu
lar t
ests
an
d ex
erci
ses
rega
rdin
g th
e ef
fect
iven
ess
of E
arly
W
arni
ng D
isse
min
atio
n an
d R
espo
nse
Effe
ctiv
enes
s of
ear
ly
war
ning
dis
sem
inat
ion
and
resp
onse
will
be
test
ed
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
ial a
nd L
ocal
G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
For
est,
Dep
artm
ent
of W
ater
Indu
ced
Dis
aste
r Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Soi
l C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of M
ines
and
G
eolo
gy, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
ed
ucat
iona
l Ins
titut
ions
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
orga
niza
tions
, Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
148 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Ext
end
exis
ting
flood
, and
gl
acia
l lak
e ou
tbur
st fl
ood
E
arly
War
ning
Sys
tem
to
oth
er ri
ver b
asin
s an
d es
tabl
ish
an o
pera
tiona
l E
arly
War
ning
Sys
tem
fo
r the
maj
or h
azar
ds
like
land
slid
e, d
roug
ht,
thun
derb
olt,
win
dsto
rm,
heat
wav
e, c
old
wav
e, fi
re,
and
epid
emic
s
Dis
aste
r los
s w
ill
be re
duce
d du
e to
ea
rly a
ctio
ns b
ased
on
ear
ly w
arni
ng fo
r m
ajor
haz
ards
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
/ Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gy
and
Met
eoro
logy
, D
epar
tmen
t of F
ores
t, D
epar
tmen
t of W
ater
In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent,
Dep
artm
ent
of S
oil C
onse
rvat
ion
and
Wat
ersh
ed M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
S
ervi
ces/
Hea
lth
Em
erge
ncy
Ope
ratio
n C
ente
rs, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed C
ross
m
ovem
ent
Bui
ld u
p ca
paci
ty o
n w
eath
er a
nd fl
ood
fore
cast
The
lead
tim
e an
d re
liabi
lity
of fl
ood
and
wea
ther
fore
cast
s w
ill
be in
crea
sed
Long
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of H
ydro
logy
an
d M
eteo
rolo
gyC
once
rned
min
istri
es o
f th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t, U
nive
rsiti
es,
Res
earc
h C
ente
rs,
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns, R
ed C
ross
m
ovem
ent,
Dev
elop
men
t Pa
rtner
s
149Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e lin
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
ySu
ppor
ting
Age
ncy
Con
duct
rese
arch
on
the
appl
icat
ion
of p
hysi
cal a
nd
mat
hem
atic
al m
odel
s to
un
ders
tand
and
fore
cast
na
tura
l haz
ards
Haz
ard
fore
cast
ing
capa
city
will
be
incr
ease
d
Long
Ter
mU
nive
rsiti
es, R
esea
rch
Cen
ters
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
, , R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent,
Dev
elop
men
t Par
tner
s
7.3
Prom
otio
n of
com
mun
ity b
ased
Dis
aste
r r
isk
red
uctio
n
It is
nec
essa
ry to
est
ablis
h, e
xpan
d an
d ne
twor
k co
mm
unity
bas
ed o
rgan
izat
ions
cap
able
of w
orki
ng in
the
com
mun
ity o
n di
sast
er r
isk,
haz
ards
and
vul
nera
bilit
y, in
crea
sing
aw
aren
ess,
and
info
rmin
g an
d m
obili
zing
peop
le a
ll th
e tim
e fo
r effe
ctiv
e di
sast
er p
repa
redn
ess
and
resp
onse
. For
this
, the
follo
win
g st
rate
gic
activ
ities
are
dete
rmin
ed.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Stre
ngth
en e
xist
ing
Com
mun
ity b
ased
D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
The
com
mun
ities
w
ill b
e em
pow
ered
in
dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
tM
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
and
conc
erne
d m
inis
tries
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
non-
Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
, Red
C
ross
mov
emen
t
150 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h, e
xpan
d a
nd
netw
ork
the
com
mun
ity
base
d or
gani
zatio
ns fo
r D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t
Dis
aste
r Ris
k re
duct
ion
and
Man
agem
ent
will
be
effe
ctiv
e by
est
ablis
hing
, ex
pand
ing,
and
ne
twor
king
the
com
mun
ity b
ased
or
gani
zatio
ns a
t the
lo
cal l
evel
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
loca
l G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
i Arm
y,
Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
–Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
Form
dis
aste
r res
pons
e,
and
sear
ch a
nd re
scue
te
ams
at lo
cal l
evel
Loca
l lev
el s
earc
h an
d re
scue
wor
ks w
ill
be e
ffect
ive
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
loca
l G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
i Arm
y,
Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
–Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
151Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
and
enf
orce
gu
idel
ines
for
colla
bora
tion
betw
een
loca
l aut
horit
y an
d no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
to
prom
ote
partn
ersh
ip
betw
een
com
mun
ity
base
d gr
oups
(Loc
ality
/To
le D
evel
opm
ent
Org
aniz
atio
n, W
ard
Citi
zen
Foru
ms,
Citi
zen
Aw
aren
ess
Cen
ters
, M
othe
r’s G
roup
s, y
outh
C
lub,
Chi
ld C
lub)
, loc
al
non-
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd c
ivil
soci
ety
orga
niza
tions
(s
enio
r citi
zen
foru
m)
for a
ddre
ssin
g lo
cal
conc
erns
, int
eres
t and
pa
rtici
patio
n in
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t
Loca
l con
cern
s an
d in
tere
st in
dis
aste
r ris
k re
duct
ion
and
man
agem
ent w
ill
be a
ddre
ssed
in
partn
ersh
ip b
etw
een
the
loca
l aut
horit
y,
and
loca
l com
mun
ity
base
d an
d no
n-go
vern
men
tal
orga
niza
tions
Med
ium
Ter
mP
rovi
nce
and
loca
l G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
on–
Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
, Red
C
ross
mov
emen
t
152 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
com
mun
ity
base
d ea
rly w
arni
ng
syst
em fo
r eac
h ha
zard
at
loca
l lev
el
Dis
aste
r los
s w
ill
be re
duce
d by
st
reng
then
ing
prep
ared
ness
th
roug
h th
e co
mm
unity
bas
ed
early
war
ning
sys
tem
Med
ium
Ter
mLo
cal a
nd P
rovi
ncia
l go
vern
men
tsC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e go
vern
men
t of
Nep
al, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
, N
epal
i Arm
y, A
rmed
Po
lice
Forc
e, N
epal
Po
lice,
Nep
al R
ed
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
Dev
elop
the
mec
hani
sm
of c
omm
unity
bas
ed
train
ed, f
orm
erly
pr
actic
ed fi
rst r
espo
nder
s vo
lunt
eers
and
bui
ld it
s ca
paci
ty
Trai
ned
first
re
spon
ders
vo
lunt
eers
will
be
avai
labl
e in
the
com
mun
ity
Med
ium
Ter
mP
rovi
ncia
l Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
gove
rnm
ent
of N
epal
, Nep
ali
Arm
y, A
rmed
Pol
ice
Forc
e, N
epal
Pol
ice,
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
153Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Ens
ure
acce
ss,
repr
esen
tatio
n an
d ef
fect
ive
parti
cipa
tion
of
wom
en, c
hild
ren,
eld
erly
an
d di
sabl
e pe
ople
, and
vu
lner
able
com
mun
ity
in th
e pr
ogra
ms
and
polic
y fo
rmul
atio
n of
th
e co
mm
unity
bas
ed
orga
niza
tions
for d
isas
ter
risk
man
agem
ent
Com
mun
ity b
ased
di
sast
er ri
sk
man
agem
ent w
ill b
e in
clus
ive
Med
ium
Ter
mP
rovi
ncia
l Gov
ernm
ent,
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
gove
rnm
ent
of N
epal
, Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
, pol
itica
l pa
rties
and
thei
r sis
ter
orga
niza
tions
Pre
pare
Mon
itorin
g an
d E
valu
atio
n P
lan
and
P
roce
dure
at t
he lo
cal
leve
l
, Acc
ount
abili
ty w
ill
be e
stab
lishe
d at
lo
cal l
evel
in D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Med
ium
Ter
mP
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Lo
cal G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
154 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
7.4
stre
ngth
enin
g co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d D
isse
min
atio
n sy
stem
for
Dis
aste
r Pr
epar
edne
ss
Des
pite
the
prog
ress
by
the
coun
try in
mas
s co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d in
form
atio
n te
chno
logy
sec
tor,
its a
pplic
atio
n
in d
isas
ter
awar
enes
s ra
isin
g, e
arly
war
ning
sys
tem
, di
sast
er p
repa
redn
ess
and
resp
onse
is s
till r
emai
ned
to h
appe
n as
exp
ecte
d. It
is n
eces
sary
to
follo
w a
spe
cial
pro
cedu
re o
f com
mun
icat
ion
and
diss
emin
atio
n
to i
ncre
ase
the
acce
ssib
ility
of
vuln
erab
le g
roup
s in
dis
aste
r in
form
atio
n. F
or t
his,
the
fol
low
ing
stra
tegi
c
activ
ities
are
det
erm
ined
.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityE
xpec
ted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
yS
uppo
rting
Age
ncy
Est
ablis
h co
mm
unity
in
form
atio
n ce
nter
sC
omm
unity
will
be
info
rmed
abo
ut
disa
ster
risk
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
155Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityE
xpec
ted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
yS
uppo
rting
Age
ncy
Dev
elop
inst
itutio
nal,
polic
y an
d pr
ogra
mm
atic
pa
rtner
ship
to li
nk m
ass
com
mun
icat
ion
and
mod
ern
info
rmat
ion
tech
nolo
gy (p
rintin
g,
radi
o, te
levi
sion
, soc
ial
netw
ork,
SM
S, m
obile
ph
one)
with
dis
aste
r ris
k aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
and
E
arly
War
ning
Sys
tem
in a
m
anag
ed w
ay
Mas
s co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d m
oder
n in
form
atio
n te
chno
logy
will
be
used
effe
ctiv
ely
in d
isas
ter r
isk
info
rmat
ion
and
early
w
arni
ng s
yste
m
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Min
istry
of
Com
mun
icat
ion
and
Info
rmat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy,
Min
istry
of E
duca
tion,
S
cien
ce a
nd T
echn
olog
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t, R
adio
Nep
al, F
.M.
radi
os, N
epal
Tel
evis
ion,
N
epal
Te
leco
mm
unic
atio
n A
utho
rity,
NC
ell,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
Follo
w C
omm
unic
atio
n an
d di
ssem
inat
ion
proc
edur
e (e
.g. R
adio
, TV
, Pho
ne, S
MS
, sire
n,
shou
ting,
mes
seng
er, fl
ag
rais
ing
etc.
) as
per t
he
need
and
sui
tabi
lity
of th
e lo
cal c
omm
unity
Ther
e w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
com
mun
icat
ion
and
diss
emin
atio
n at
lo
cal l
evel
Sho
rt Te
rmP
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
156 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityE
xpec
ted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
yS
uppo
rting
Age
ncy
Follo
w s
peci
al ty
pe o
f co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d in
form
atio
n di
ssem
inat
ion
proc
edur
e fo
r vul
nera
ble
grou
ps (
Illite
rate
, blin
d,
deaf
)
Acc
ess
of v
ulne
rabl
e gr
oups
will
be
incr
ease
d in
dis
aste
r in
form
atio
n
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f C
omm
unic
atio
n an
d In
form
atio
n Te
chno
logy
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, M
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
Use
and
pro
mot
e m
ass
mod
ern
scie
nce
and
tech
nolo
gy (W
eb p
orta
l, M
obile
App
s, S
MS
-C
B, I
VR) t
o im
prov
e th
e ef
fect
iven
ess
of
com
mun
icat
ion
and
diss
emin
atio
n sy
stem
for
Dis
aste
r Pre
pare
dnes
s an
d R
epon
ses
Impr
oved
co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d di
ssem
inat
ion
syst
em w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
and
used
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of
Hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
Met
eoro
logy
, D
epar
tmen
t of
Fore
st, D
epar
tmen
t of
Wat
er In
duce
d D
isas
ter M
anag
emen
t, D
epar
tmen
t of
Min
es a
nd G
eolo
gy,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth
Ser
vice
s/ H
ealth
E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ter,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
157Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityE
xpec
ted
Out
com
eTi
me
Fram
eR
espo
nsib
le A
genc
yS
uppo
rting
Age
ncy
Est
ablis
h a
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
Web
Por
tal a
t P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Lev
el
Info
rmat
ion
on
disa
ster
risk
and
lo
ss w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
th
roug
h w
eb p
orta
l at
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal L
evel
Med
ium
Ter
m
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
Dev
elop
rapi
d as
sess
men
t sys
tem
fo
r reh
abili
tatio
n an
d re
cons
truct
ion
appl
ying
m
oder
n in
form
atio
n te
chno
logy
The
info
rmat
ion
on
disa
ster
loss
will
be
avai
labl
e im
med
iate
ly
Med
ium
Ter
mP
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
Min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
158 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
7.5
capa
city
bui
ldin
g of
sea
rch
and
res
cue
Res
pons
ibili
ties
in p
ost-d
isas
ter
sear
ch a
nd r
escu
e ar
e sc
atte
red
acro
ss a
utho
ritie
s. In
spi
te o
f the
fact
that
thre
e se
curit
y ag
enci
es a
re in
volv
ed in
em
erge
ncy
sear
ch a
nd r
escu
e, a
nd c
oord
inat
ing
for
post
-dis
aste
r
sear
ch a
nd r
escu
e, t
here
is
a ne
ed o
f an
int
egra
ted
inst
itutio
naliz
ed a
rran
gem
ent
with
ski
llful
wor
king
capa
city
, mea
ns a
nd re
sour
ces.
Due
to la
ck o
f int
egra
ted
use
of p
ost-d
isas
ter s
elf-a
war
enes
s, h
uman
itaria
n
mot
ive
and
relie
f ass
ista
nce,
ther
e ha
s be
en s
een
a st
ate
of c
onfu
sion
, hes
itatio
n an
d in
tern
al c
onfli
ct a
t eac
h
time.
In o
rder
to a
void
the
dupl
icat
ion
in c
olle
ctio
n an
d m
obili
zatio
n of
pos
t dis
aste
r re
lief,
it is
nec
essa
ry to
prep
are
and
impl
emen
t a G
uide
line/
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
re. T
here
is s
lack
ness
of c
ontin
uous
dril
l for
deve
lopi
ng a
pra
ctic
e to
wor
k in
em
erge
ncy.
Sin
ce th
e ha
zard
s lik
e fir
e an
d w
ildfir
e ar
e re
curr
ently
occ
urrin
g,
it ne
eds
the
serv
ices
wel
l-tra
ined
, ful
l of m
eans
and
reso
urce
s to
be
guar
ante
ed to
pre
vent
fire
. The
follo
win
g
stra
tegi
c ac
tiviti
es a
re s
tate
d fo
r it.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
re o
f Fe
dera
l, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l lev
el E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ters
and
or
ient
the
polic
y m
aker
s an
d pr
ofes
sion
als
at th
e Fe
dera
l, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l lev
el
Sta
ndar
d O
pera
ting
Pro
cedu
res
for E
mer
genc
y O
pera
ting
Cen
ters
w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t,
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns,
Red
C
ross
mov
emen
t
159Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Bui
ld c
apac
ity o
f em
erge
ncy
oper
atin
g ce
nter
s
The
capa
city
of
the
Em
erge
ncy
Ope
ratio
n C
ente
rs
will
be
deve
lope
d
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
Con
duct
a p
re-m
onso
on
disa
ster
pre
pare
dnes
s w
orks
hop
and
pos
t-m
onso
on re
view
w
orks
hop
eve
ry y
ear
with
par
ticip
atio
n of
all
stak
ehol
ders
Dis
aste
r pr
epar
edne
ss a
nd
resp
onse
s w
ill b
e te
sted
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity,
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ydro
logy
and
M
eteo
rolo
gy, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
Pur
sue
one
door
sys
tem
to
che
ck d
uplic
atio
n in
rel
ief c
olle
ctio
n an
d m
obili
zatio
n
Dis
aste
r res
pons
es
will
be
unifo
rm a
nd
trans
pare
nt a
nd
dupl
icat
ion
will
be
avoi
ded
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
160 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h C
omm
unity
ba
sed
Sea
rch
and
Res
cue
team
at
loca
l le
vel
Com
mun
ity b
ased
S
earc
h an
d R
escu
e te
am w
ill b
e es
tabl
ishe
d at
loca
l le
vel,
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
e G
over
nmen
t, Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
A
rmed
Pol
ice
Forc
e,
Nep
al P
olic
e, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on–G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
Pre
pare
trai
ned
Firs
t R
espo
nder
s at
war
d le
vel
Trai
ned
Firs
t R
espo
nder
s te
am w
ill
be p
repa
red
at w
ard
leve
l
Sho
rt Te
rmLo
cal G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Nep
al, N
epal
i Arm
y,
Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
–Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
, Pol
itica
l Pa
rties
and
thei
r Sis
ter
Org
aniz
atio
ns
161Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Mak
e a
netw
ork
of th
e am
bula
nce
serv
ices
ba
sed
on a
djac
ent t
o
the
maj
or H
ighw
ay,
Urb
an a
nd R
ural
road
s
Am
bula
nce
serv
ices
w
ill b
e ea
sily
av
aila
ble
durin
g di
sast
er
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, M
inis
try
of H
ome
Affa
irs o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, N
atio
nal D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
Pro
vide
trai
ning
to e
ach
leve
l of h
ealth
wor
kers
(p
rimar
y, s
econ
dary
, and
hi
gh) f
or s
kill
deve
lopm
ent
in tr
eatm
ent o
f roa
d ac
cide
nt
The
capa
city
of
heal
th w
orke
rs w
ill
be in
crea
sed
in
treat
men
t of r
oad
acci
dent
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n/ H
ealth
E
mer
genc
y O
pera
tion
Cen
ter,
Min
istry
of
Hom
e A
ffairs
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns
162 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Est
ablis
h Li
ght a
nd
Med
ium
Sea
rch
and
Res
cue
team
at f
eder
al
leve
l and
bui
ld th
eir
capa
city
Sea
rch
and
Res
cue
team
s of
fede
ral l
evel
w
ill b
e ca
pabl
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Min
istry
of
Def
ense
, Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity,
Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
, Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
Est
ablis
h S
earc
h an
d R
escu
e Te
am a
nd p
rovi
de
nece
ssar
y eq
uipm
ent a
nd
man
pow
er to
the
fede
ral,
prov
ince
and
dis
trict
leve
l un
its o
f Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
ali A
rmy
and
Nep
al P
olic
e
Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
N
epal
i Arm
y an
d N
epal
Pol
ice
will
be
capa
ble
of s
earc
h an
d re
scue
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Nep
ali A
rmy,
Nep
al
Polic
e, A
rmed
Pol
ice
Forc
e
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts,
Nep
al R
ed C
ross
S
ocie
ty, N
on-
Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
163Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Bui
ld c
apac
ity o
f Sea
rch
and
Res
cue
team
s of
A
rmed
Pol
ice
Forc
e,
Nep
ali A
rmy
and
Nep
al
Polic
e
Arm
ed P
olic
e Fo
rce,
N
epal
i Arm
y an
d N
epal
Pol
ice
will
be
capa
ble
for s
earc
h an
d re
scue
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Nep
ali A
rmy,
Nep
al
Polic
e, A
rmed
Pol
ice
Forc
e
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Est
ablis
h un
ified
co
mm
and
of s
earc
h an
d re
scue
team
s an
d de
velo
p it
as p
er th
e st
anda
rd o
f Int
erna
tiona
l S
earc
h an
d R
escu
e A
dvis
ory
Gro
up
Uni
fied
com
man
d of
se
arch
and
resc
ue
will
be
esta
blis
hed
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Min
istry
of
Dde
fens
e, N
atio
nal
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent
Aut
horit
y, N
epal
i Arm
y,
Nep
al P
olic
e, A
rmed
Po
lice
Forc
e
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
164 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Follo
w C
ore
Hum
anita
rian
Sta
ndar
d in
ass
istin
g di
sast
er a
ffect
ed
indi
vidu
als
and
com
mun
ity
Hum
anita
rian
assi
stan
ce w
ill b
e of
hi
gh q
ualit
y
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
Dev
elop
Rap
id
Ass
essm
ent P
roce
dure
fo
r los
s an
d da
mag
e us
ing
mod
ern
info
rmat
ion
tech
nolo
gy a
nd c
olle
ct
disa
ggre
gate
d da
ta f
or
loss
and
dam
age
Em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
s w
ill
be e
ffici
ent a
nd
effe
ctiv
e by
app
lyin
g ra
pid
asse
ssm
ent
proc
edur
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
Ens
ure
an a
rran
gem
ent
of e
duca
tion,
hea
lth,
nutri
tion,
and
drin
king
w
ater
dur
ing
post
-dis
aste
r em
erge
ncy
Post
-dis
aste
r em
erge
ncy
man
agem
ent o
f ed
ucat
ion,
hea
lth,
nutri
tion,
and
dr
inki
ng w
ater
will
be
in p
lace
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n,
Sci
ence
and
Tec
hnol
ogy,
M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth a
nd
Popu
latio
n, M
inis
try o
f W
ater
Sup
ply
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
165Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Ens
ure
incr
ease
in
the
pref
eren
ce a
nd
acce
ssib
ility
of v
ulne
rabl
e an
d de
priv
ed c
lass
in
pos
t-dis
aste
r rel
ief,
resc
ue a
nd re
habi
litat
ion
serv
ices
pro
vide
d by
G
over
nmen
t and
Non
-go
vern
men
tal s
ecto
rs
The
depr
ived
cla
ss
will
hav
e ac
cess
in
relie
f, re
scue
and
re
habi
litat
ion
serv
ices
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Min
istry
of
Fede
ral A
ffairs
and
G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion,
P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
Po
litic
al P
artie
s an
d th
eir
sist
er o
rgan
izat
ions
Pre
pare
Dis
aste
r P
repa
redn
ess
and
Res
pons
e P
lan
at
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal L
evel
Dis
aste
r pr
epar
edne
ss a
nd
resp
onse
pla
n w
ill
be a
vaila
ble
at lo
cal
leve
l
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Min
istry
of
Fede
ral
Affa
ir an
d G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion,
P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Non
-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, R
ed
Cro
ss m
ovem
ent
166 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pra
ctic
e m
ock
drill
s
regu
larly
at d
iffer
ent l
evel
s (F
eder
al, P
rovi
nce,
Loc
al,
Com
mun
ity) a
nd s
ecto
rs
(Sch
ool,
hosp
ital)
for
effe
ctiv
e pr
epar
edne
ss
and
resp
onse
With
the
prac
tice
of m
ock
drill
s
prep
ared
ness
and
re
spon
se w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Min
istry
of
Fede
ral
Affa
ir an
d G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion,
P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
–Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ions
, UN
ag
enci
es, H
uman
itaria
n O
rgan
izat
ions
Est
ablis
h a
n in
tegr
ated
fir
e co
ntro
l gro
up a
nd
build
its
capa
city
thr
ough
re
sour
ce, m
eans
and
tra
inin
g
Fire
con
trol c
apac
ity
will
be
incr
ease
dS
hort
Term
Min
istry
of
Fede
ral
Affa
ir an
d G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
, Nep
al F
ire
Brig
ade,
Nep
al R
escu
e an
d Fi
re F
ight
er
Ass
ocia
tion,
Red
Cro
ss
mov
emen
t
167Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
trai
ned
hum
an
reso
urce
s fo
r sea
rch
and
resc
ue a
nd re
spon
se a
t al
l lev
els
, Sea
rch
and
resc
ue
and
resp
onse
will
be
effe
ctiv
e at
all
leve
ls
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e go
vern
men
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
i Arm
y,
Nep
al P
olic
e, A
rmed
Po
lice
Forc
e, N
epal
R
ed C
ross
Soc
iety
, N
on-G
over
nmen
tal
Org
aniz
atio
ns, U
N
agen
cies
, Hum
anita
rian
Org
aniz
atio
ns
Dev
elop
tra
ined
, and
sk
illed
hum
an re
sour
ce
to p
rom
ote
the
post
-di
sast
er e
ssen
tial s
ocia
l co
unse
ling
and
men
tal
heal
th
Ski
lled
hum
an
reso
urce
will
be
avai
labl
e fo
r the
pr
omot
ion
of s
ocia
l co
unse
ling
and
men
tal h
ealth
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hea
lth
and
Popu
latio
n of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Trib
huva
n U
nive
rsity
, C
entra
l Dep
artm
ent o
f Ps
ycho
logy
, Nep
al R
ed
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
168 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Stre
ngth
en C
lust
er
appr
oach
for e
ffect
ive
resp
onse
fro
m F
eder
al to
Lo
cal l
evel
,
Res
pons
e w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
at a
ll le
vel
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ion,
UN
ag
enci
es, H
uman
itaria
n O
rgan
izat
ions
Mak
e sp
ecia
l ar
rang
emen
ts fo
r sec
urity
an
d ot
her r
equi
rem
ents
of
wom
en, c
hild
ren,
eld
erly
an
d di
sabl
ed p
eopl
e du
ring
sear
ch, r
escu
e an
d re
spon
se
Vuln
erab
le g
roup
s w
ill b
e sa
fe d
urin
g di
sast
er
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nep
ali A
rmy,
N
epal
Pol
ice,
Arm
ed
Polic
e Fo
rce,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ion,
UN
ag
enci
es, H
uman
itaria
n O
rgan
izat
ions
, Pol
itica
l pa
rties
and
thei
r sis
ter
orga
niza
tions
169Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Dev
elop
cap
acity
of t
he
com
mun
ity O
rgan
izat
ions
(C
hild
Clu
b, y
outh
Clu
b,
Mot
hers
Gro
up, S
enio
r C
itize
n Fo
rum
, Citi
zens
C
once
rn C
ente
r, Fo
rest
U
sers
Gro
up e
tc.)
for
disa
ster
pre
pare
dnes
s an
d re
spon
se
Dis
aste
r res
pons
e ca
paci
ty o
f co
mm
unity
or
gani
zatio
ns w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
Long
Ter
mLo
cal G
over
nmen
tC
once
rned
min
istri
es
of th
e go
vern
men
t of
Nep
al, P
rovi
nce
Gov
ernm
ent,
Nep
al
Red
Cro
ss S
ocie
ty,
Non
-Gov
ernm
enta
l O
rgan
izat
ion
170 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
7.6
Prom
otin
g ”b
uild
bac
k b
ette
r” a
ppro
ach
in r
ecov
ery,
reh
abili
tatio
n an
d r
econ
stru
ctio
n
Ther
e ne
eds
to d
evel
op a
cul
ture
of s
uppl
ying
sta
ndar
d co
nstru
ctio
n m
ater
ials
and
rend
erin
g di
sast
er re
sist
ant
cons
truct
ion
to re
aliz
e th
e po
ssib
ility
of “
Bui
ld B
ack
Bet
ter”
in re
cons
truct
ion
and
reha
bilit
atio
n af
ter
disa
ster
s.
The
capa
city
of
prof
essi
onal
s an
d te
chni
cian
s in
volv
ed i
n co
nstru
ctio
n w
orks
nee
d to
be
deve
lope
d. B
y
clas
sify
ing
land
on
the
basi
s of
dis
aste
r ris
k, c
onst
ruct
ion
wor
ks n
eed
to b
e pr
ohib
ited
in h
igh
risk
area
s. It
requ
ires
rese
arch
and
dev
elop
men
t of
mod
ern
tech
nolo
gy t
o pr
omot
e ”B
uild
Bac
k B
ette
r” a
ppro
ach.
The
follo
win
g st
rate
gic
activ
ities
are
sta
ted
for i
t.
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
enf
orce
re
settl
emen
t gui
delin
es
for r
eset
tlem
ent
and
reha
bilit
atio
n of
in
frast
ruct
ure
of d
isas
ter
affe
cted
fam
ilies
Res
ettle
men
t and
re
habi
litat
ion
of
infra
stru
ctur
e w
ill b
e im
plem
ente
d b
y pr
epar
ing
guid
elin
es
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t and
B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Pre
pare
Gui
delin
es o
n
“Bui
ld B
ack
Bet
ter”
in
Rec
over
y, R
ehab
ilita
tion,
an
d R
econ
stru
ctio
n
Gui
delin
es o
n “
Bui
ld
Bac
k B
ette
r “ w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Wat
er a
nd E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on S
ecre
taria
t, M
inis
try o
f Phy
sica
l In
frast
ruct
ure
and
Tran
spor
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
171Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Inco
rpor
ate
disa
ster
risk
re
duct
ion
activ
ities
in
reco
very
, reh
abili
tatio
n an
d re
cons
truct
ion
Futu
re d
isas
ter r
isks
w
ill b
e re
duce
dS
hort
Term
Min
istry
of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Dev
elop
and
util
ize
loca
l re
sour
ces,
mea
ns, l
abor
, te
chno
logy
, kno
wle
dge
and
skill
in r
ehab
ilita
tion
and
reco
nstru
ctio
n
Reh
abili
tatio
n an
d re
cons
truct
ion
will
be
eco
nom
ical
and
su
stai
nabl
e
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Dev
elop
pol
icy
and
inst
itutio
nal s
truct
ure
to
mak
e re
cons
truct
ion
wor
ks
disa
ster
resi
stan
t and
“B
uild
Bac
k B
ette
r”
afte
r m
ajor
dis
aste
r
Polic
y an
d in
stitu
tiona
l ar
rang
emen
t will
be
mad
e to
bui
ld
reco
nstru
ctio
n be
tter
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Min
istry
of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent,
Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Sec
reta
riat o
f the
Nat
iona
l P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Rev
iew
and
revi
se th
e cu
rren
t Pos
t Dis
aste
r R
espo
nse
Fram
ewor
k 20
13 ta
king
the
expe
rienc
e on
pol
icy,
inst
itutio
n,
reso
urce
mob
iliza
tion
and
coor
dina
tion
from
pos
t-ea
rthqu
ake
reco
nstru
ctio
n ca
mpa
ign
Post
-dis
aste
r rec
over
y w
ill b
e ef
fect
ive
Sho
rt te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter
Ris
k R
educ
tion
and
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity,
S
ecre
taria
t of N
atio
nal
Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on
Con
cern
ed m
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
172 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Add
ress
spe
cial
nee
ds
of w
omen
, chi
ldre
n,
elde
rly a
nd d
isab
led
peop
le in
reco
nstru
ctio
n an
d re
nova
tion
of
phys
ical
infra
stru
ctur
e at
di
sast
er a
ffect
ed a
reas
fo
r exa
mpl
e, re
tirem
ent
hom
e, o
rpha
nage
, and
co
mm
unity
bui
ldin
g
phys
ical
infra
stru
ctur
e fo
r exa
mpl
e,
retir
emen
t hom
e,
orph
anag
e, a
nd
com
mun
ity b
uild
ing
will
be
frien
dly
to
wom
en, c
hild
ren,
el
derly
and
dis
able
d pe
ople
Sho
rt Te
rmM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Min
istry
of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent,
Nat
iona
l D
isas
ter R
isk
Red
uctio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Dev
elop
and
dis
tribu
te
Trai
ning
Man
ual,
Info
rmat
ion,
Edu
catio
n,
and
Com
mun
icat
ion
(IEC
) m
ater
ials
on
build
ing
cons
truct
ion,
retro
fittin
g,
and
reno
vatio
n
Trai
ning
mat
eria
ls o
n bu
ildin
g co
nstru
ctio
n,
retro
fittin
g, a
nd
reno
vatio
n w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
and
dist
ribut
ed
Med
ium
Ter
mD
epar
tmen
t of U
rban
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd
Bui
ldin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
U
nive
rsiti
es, I
nstit
ute
of
Eng
inee
ring
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
173Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pro
mot
e re
sear
ch
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f co
nstru
ctio
n te
chno
logy
, m
ater
ials
, inf
rast
ruct
ure
desi
gn, a
nd m
anag
emen
t fo
r “B
uild
Bac
k B
ette
r” in
di
sast
er ri
sk re
duct
ion
and
reco
nstru
ctio
n an
d cl
imat
e ch
ange
ada
ptat
ion
With
dev
elop
men
t of
impr
oved
tech
nolo
gy,
the
reco
nstru
ctio
n w
ill
be b
ette
r and
stro
nger
Med
ium
Ter
mU
nive
rsiti
es, I
nstit
ute
of
Eng
inee
ring,
Dep
artm
ent
of U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t an
d B
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n, D
epar
tmen
t of
Wat
er In
duce
d D
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent
Bui
ld c
apac
ity o
f Eng
inee
r, bu
ilder
s, c
arpe
nter
s,
mas
on, c
ontra
ctor
s an
d su
pplie
rs t
hrou
gh t
rain
ing
and
awar
enes
s ra
isin
g pr
ogra
m fo
r dis
aste
r re
sist
ant a
nd b
ette
r re
cons
truct
ion
Cap
acity
for “
build
ba
ck b
ette
r” in
re
cons
truct
ion
will
be
deve
lope
d
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Lab
or,
Em
ploy
men
t and
Soc
ial
Sec
urity
, Min
istry
of
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n, M
inis
try
of P
hysi
cal I
nfra
stru
ctur
e an
d Tr
ansp
ort o
f the
G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Fede
ratio
n of
Con
tract
or’s
A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Nep
al
174 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Pre
pare
and
con
duct
aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
prog
ram
s on
dis
aste
r re
sist
ant c
onst
ruct
ion
proc
edur
es a
nd d
isas
ter
risk
redu
ctio
n th
roug
h na
tiona
l and
loca
l lev
el
radi
o, T
V, P
rint a
nd o
nlin
e m
edia
Aw
aren
ess
leve
l will
be
incr
ease
d on
di
sast
er re
sist
ant
cons
truct
ion
proc
edur
es a
nd
disa
ster
risk
redu
ctio
n
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f C
omm
unic
atio
n an
d In
form
atio
n Te
chno
logy
, M
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion
of th
e G
over
nmen
t of N
epal
, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Med
ia
Pur
sue
Ear
thqu
ake,
flo
od, l
ands
lide
and
othe
r na
tura
l dis
aste
r res
ista
nt
cons
truct
ion
proc
edur
es in
R
econ
stru
ctio
n
Stru
ctur
es w
ill b
e re
sist
ant t
o na
tura
l di
sast
ers
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Pur
sue
the
prin
cipl
e of
gr
een
deve
lopm
ent a
nd
“bui
ld b
ack
bette
r” in
re
cons
truct
ion
Rec
onst
ruct
ed
stru
ctur
es w
ill
be s
trong
er a
nd
envi
ronm
ent f
riend
ly
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
175Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Mak
e ar
rang
emen
t of
join
t mon
itorin
g sy
stem
to
ensu
re u
phol
ding
bui
ldin
g co
de a
nd u
se o
f qua
litat
ive
cons
truct
ion
mat
eria
ls in
in
frast
ruct
ure
and
build
ing
reco
nstru
ctio
n
Rec
onst
ruct
ed
stru
ctur
es w
ill b
e st
rong
er
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Pro
hibi
t ho
usin
g de
velo
pmen
t, la
rge
scal
e co
nstru
ctio
n, a
nd
esta
blis
hing
indu
stry
at
high
risk
are
as a
nd r
evis
e th
e la
nd u
se p
olic
y to
m
ake
an a
rran
gem
ent
for
adop
ting
disa
ster
risk
and
vu
lner
abili
ty a
s ba
sis
in
land
cla
ssifi
catio
n
Land
cla
ssifi
catio
n w
ill
be b
ased
on
disa
ster
ris
k an
d st
ruct
ures
will
no
t be
cons
truct
ed a
t hi
gh ri
sk a
reas
Med
ium
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
, La
nd M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try
of L
aw, J
ustic
e an
d Pa
rliam
enta
ry A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t, M
inis
try
of F
eder
al A
ffairs
and
G
ener
al A
dmin
istra
tion,
P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
176 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
Stra
tegi
c A
ctiv
ityEx
pect
ed O
utco
me
Tim
e Fr
ame
Res
pons
ible
Age
ncy
Supp
ortin
g A
genc
y
Res
ettle
the
inte
rnal
ly
disp
lace
d pe
ople
at l
ow
risk
area
s
Res
ettle
d ar
eas
will
be
safe
from
dis
aste
r ris
kM
ediu
m T
erm
Min
istry
of H
ome
Affa
irs,
Min
istry
of F
eder
al
Affa
irs a
nd G
ener
al
Adm
inis
tratio
n, M
inis
try
of A
gric
ultu
re, L
and
Man
agem
ent a
nd
Coo
pera
tives
of t
he
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al,
Pro
vinc
e an
d s
Loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Rel
ocat
e se
ttlem
ents
of
high
risk
are
as to
the
low
ris
k ar
eas
Set
tlem
ents
of h
igh
risk
area
s w
ill b
e s
afe
from
dis
aste
r ris
k
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Hom
e A
ffairs
, M
inis
try o
f Fed
eral
A
ffairs
and
Gen
eral
A
dmin
istra
tion,
Min
istry
of
Agr
icul
ture
, Lan
d M
anag
emen
t and
C
oope
rativ
es, M
inis
try
of U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f N
epal
, Pro
vinc
e an
d Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Dev
elop
inte
grat
ed
settl
emen
ts w
ith p
lann
ing
of p
hysi
cal i
nfra
stru
ctur
es
in re
cons
truct
ion
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
will
be
bet
ter w
ith th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
plan
ned
settl
emen
ts
Long
Ter
mM
inis
try o
f Urb
an
Dev
elop
men
t, P
rovi
nce
and
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent
Con
cern
ed M
inis
tries
of
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
Not
e: T
he a
bove
-men
tione
d m
inis
trie
s an
d de
part
men
ts m
ay b
e ch
ange
d in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
chan
ges
mad
e by
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al
177Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
FINANCING FOR IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN
Chapter 8
178 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
179Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
financing for imPlementing tHe strategic action Plan
Arrangement of financial resources will be made in the following ways for the
effective and efficient implementation of this Strategic Action Plan.
1. Process of formal resource allocation
a. Regular budget allocation of sectoral Ministries and Departments
b. Budget for the projects/programs on disaster risk reduction and
management in sectoral Ministries and Departments
c. After the major disaster events, special arrangement for budget in
each department for recovery and reconstruction
d. “Budget Transfer Mechanism” after major disaster event to allow
budgetary allocation from project funds to be used in recovery and
reconstruction for the same sector
2. Public expenditure management at Provincial and Local level
a. Budget for the projects/programs on disaster risk reduction and
management at provincial and local levels
b. Achievement-based grant on the disaster risk reduction and
management sector
c. Additional grant for extra expenditure on Disaster Risk Reduction
3. Resources from regulatory processes
a. Regulation on urban and regional plan, land plotting and other
physical and environmental plan
b. Conditions of construction rules, construction codes and licensing
of construction Industry
c. Conditions of Procurement Agreements
180 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
d. Advertisement fees from Educational Curriculum and Public
Information Campaign
e. Conditions of Insurance, Banking Transaction and Loan
f. Tax on Property evaluation and, purchase and sale
g. Royalty from Natural Resources (Forest, wild animals, birds, water
utilization, gravel, sand, mines, and minerals, fish)
4. Dedicated "Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund" at Federal,
Provincial, Local and Community level
5. Investment by private institutions, Federation of Nepalese Chambers of
Commerce and Industry, cooperatives, banks, financial institutions, and
insurance companies
6. Assistance from development partners (bilateral, multi-lateral, UN
agencies)
7. Wide coverage and easy access of insurance facilities including fast
settlement for post-disaster claims
8. Tax incentive for upholding Building Construction Code and retrofitting
based on the approach of “Build Back Better” and Green Development
9. Tax and levy in the petroleum products for financing the activities for
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
10. Support from private sectors through the Corporate Social Responsibility
and other initiations
11. Project/program Budget of International Non-Governmental
Organizations and Red Cross movement
12. Global climate financing mechanism such as Green Climate Fund
13. Development aid from development partners, such as Asian
Development Bank, World Bank
14. Support from Inter-government organizations –(for example, International
Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Regional Integrated
Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) etc.)
181Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING, REVIEW AND REVISION OF STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN
Chapter 9
182 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
183Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
imPlementation, monitoring, review anD revision of strategic action Plan
There is a need of common efforts of the Government, Governmental and
Non- Governmental stakeholders, development partners, political parties
and their sister organizations, and private sectors for Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management. Being a part of development process, all government
agencies concerned to development need to coordinate and cooperate for
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Disaster risk reduction activities
should be integrated in the periodic plan and programs and progress should
be regularly monitored. The following redresses shall be followed in the
implementation of Strategic Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction.
1. This plan of Action will be enforced for its planned implementation
preparing periodic and annual plan. Additionally, it will be implemented
expanding it in the form of a project.
2. While preparing and implementing programs of sectoral Ministries and
departments, this plan of action will be considered as a guideline.
3. Resources will be managed for the continuous implementation of
programs and projects on disaster risk reduction following multi-year
program and budget based on the priorities.
4. Sectoral Ministries and Departments will be restructured based on
the organization and management study report for ameliorating the
implementation and management practice of this Plan of Action.
184 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
5. Necessary policy will be formulated for the implementation of this Plan
of Action. In addition, the sectoral strategy and action plans will be
revised to harmonize with this plan of action.
Federal, provincial and local level organizations having their envisioning and
special roles in establishment of resilient community, implementation of this
disaster risk reduction strategic action plan and its effectiveness depend on
the qualitative and quantitative assessments of the efforts made by various
organizations that promote resilient community building at the federal,
provincial and local level. As such, monitoring at different levels would be
required.
Post-disaster reconstruction effort needs to be linked to the reduction of
future potential disaster risk by applying the build-back-better approach.
At federal level, monitoring of implementation of Strategic Plan of Action
will be conducted through “Annual Report and Monitoring System”. The
National Council formed in accordance with the Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act, 2017 will conduct monitoring and evaluation of the
progress of implementation of this plan of action. The National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Authority will coordinate Disaster Risk
Reduction, Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.
An effective preparedness plays a vital role to make disaster responses
effective and to reduce loss of life and property. Therefore, disaster response
needs to be linked with disaster preparedness. The executive committee,
formed in accordance with Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act,
2017 will coordinate disaster preparedness and responses.
These high-level committees, at least once a year in February, shall organize a
meeting to review the annual progress on the implementation of this Strategic
Plan of Action. The disaster management committees formed at provincial
185Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
and local level, will conduct monitoring, evaluation and coordination for the
implementation of this strategic action plan at provincial and local level.
In principle, monitoring should be conducted by the third party for independent
and impartial assessment. The concept of monitoring by third party can be
undertaken by appointing a short-term adviser.
The Strategic Plan of Action will be revised in every five years. It will be updated
if deemed necessary as per the changing context to make it relevant. All
concerned stakeholders will participate in revision of the strategic action
plan. The Strategic Action Plan will be updated in the following situations:
l In case of changes in law and policy of the Government
l In the necessity of harmonization with Global Framework and
Development
l In the need of including learning after major disaster event
l On the basis of conclusion and recommendation of five-yearly review
This Strategic Plan of Action has been enforced by the sanction of the
Executive Committee as per the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Act, 2017, Section 8(c).
186 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
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190 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030
United Nations Development Programme
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