Unit III

DISEASE EDUCATION COMMUNICABLE/ NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Non communicable diseases are not passed on from person to person. Many of this diseases are caused by our way of living. Our lifestyle or health habits caused certain diseases that do not appear until after the ten years. Some do not cause problem until the person is quite old.

LESSON 10HEALTH BENEFITS

IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Modern Technology has also helped advance medicine. Health today can be improved through surgery and medication, modern techniques in the prevention of diseases, hearts surgery and modern equipment such as laser and bio- energizer.

The invention of the laser beam has proven to be valuable in the field of medicine. In a recent news published by www. news- medical. Net on Tuesday May 10, 2005, Ted Cowan, a director of the Nevada Terawatt Facility at the University of Nevada, and his research team has produced a proton beam that has one hundred times higher quality that any conventional particle accelerator and fits on a table top.

Irradiation with accelerated carbon ions can easily target a tumor and destroy it without sacrificing the surrounding tissues. According to Cowan, ion beam cancer therapies are far more precise in treating cancer than conventional therapies.

Modern technology enables medical professionals to inspect the body.

Several test provide essential information to aid in the diagnosis of illnesses and the selection of appropriate treatment.

These are:

Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)- determines the number and types of cells in the blood. This test includes the hematocrit, hemoglobin test, The red blood cell indices, the white blood cell count, the red blood cell count, the differential count, the platelets count and blood smear.

Urinalysis- a microscopic examination and chemical analysis of the urine.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)- a visual record of the hearts electrical impulses, which control the rate and the rhythm of the beating.Biopsy- The removal of small sample tissue for examination under microscope.

Angiography- also called Arteriography; a visualization of the blood vessels, usually by introduction of the catheter, that is inserted directly into a blood vessels.Electroencephalogram (EEG)- a visual record of electrical impulses discharged by brain cell. It is used to detect abnormalities in the brain.

Endoscopy- a method of directly viewing the inside of hallow organs by inserting an endoscope ( a flexible, lighted tube like instrument) into the organ.Nuclear Medicine Scanning ( or radioisotope) – used primarily as a diagnostic tool to detect tumors, blood clots and malfunctioning of organs in the body.

Ultrasonography- called ultrasound, it is a method of visualizing the structures of the body by recording the reflections of high quality frequency, sound waves of those structures. The instrument used is called transducer.

Mammography- a simple general painless examination of the breast by means of a special X- Ray machine that is design to be used for soft tissues.Pap Smear Test- involves scrapping some cells from the surface of the area where the cervix opens into the vagina.

Our lifetime has experienced breakthroughs in medicine in ways of preventing severe body pains

Acupuncture- an ancient system of healing that had developed for over thousand of years as part of the traditional medicine of China. It is technique of inserting and manipulating needles into acupuncture points on the body.Chiropractic Treatment- the diagnostic and manipulated treatment of mechanical disorders of the joints, especially the spinal column. Founded in 1845 by Daniel David Palmer. Chiropractic was based on the belief that all health problems could be prevented and treated using adjustment of the spine and at times other joints.

Modern Technologies that help in the control of disease

A. Modern Treatment*acupuncture*Heart Bypass

Endorphin FibrinCobalt 60ChemotheraphyRadiationLiquid NitrogenTransplant

B. Modern ApparatusesExample:

X- RayLaser

KeycellBio- energiserElectrocardiographyElectroencephalographyUltrasoundScanner

C. Scientist who contributed greatly in the field of medicine and health:

*Anton Van Leeuwenhoek(1676)-Invented the microscope

*Robert Hooke(1678) -Developed the first compound

microscope

*Louis Pasteur(1861)- Father of Bacteriology; Discovered the

cure to rabies.

*Joseph Lister(1867)-Introduce the value of Sterilization and

Aseptic (diseases producing bacteria) precaution

*Edward Jenner(1786)- Introduced the first vaccine using cowpox to immunize against small pox.

*Paul Ehrlich(1910)-pioneered the technique of chemotheraphy, which deals with the used of chemicals for the treatment and control of disease- causing organisms.

*Alexander Fleming(1928)-Discovered the antibiotic penicillin..

*William Einthoven(1911)- invented the electrocardiograph

- *Jonas Salk(1953)developed the first vaccine against poliomyelitis.

*Christian Barnard(1967)- performed the first successful heart transplant on a human being.

*Dr. Peter Safar (late 1950’s)- father of CPR; proposed the A-B-C (airway, breathing, circulation) sequence of Resuscitation, including the technique of mouth to mouth resuscitation.

*Dr. Patricia Bath(1981)- Ophthalmologic surgeon; invented the Laserphaco probe, a surgical tool that uses a laser to vaporize cataracts via a tiny, 1- millimeter insertion into a patients eyes.

* William J. Kolff(1950’s)- medical researcher, invented the artificial kidney dialysis machine; also invented the artificial in 1957.

*Gertrude Elion(1954)-patented the leukemia- fighting drug 6- mercaptopurine and has made others sigficant contribution in the field of medicine.

*Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen(1973)- invented the technique of DNA cloning, which allowed genes to be transplanted between different biological species.

*Frederick Banting(1921-1922)- co- inventor of insulin , together with Charles best, Prof. J. J. R. Macleod and Dr. James Collip.

*Dr. Raymond V. Damadian(1970)- invented MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanning machine.

*Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik(1942)- Australian Physician; published the paper on medical Ultrasonics that paved the way to the production of ultrasound.

*Professor Ian Donald Of Scotland(1950’s)- developed practical technologies and applications for ultrasounds.

Lesson 11Communicable

Diseases; Combat Them

_Communicable And Non Communicable Diseases_

Communicable Diseases also known as infectious diseases, are contagious; that is, they passed or transmitted from one person to another.

Non communicable like heart attack, hypertension, stroke, cancer and diabetes are not transperable.

Communicable Diseases are;

Bacteria- a tiny one- celled organisms that grows anywhere.

Viruses- the smallest and simplest form of life. They are most common caused of communicable diseases.

Fungi- simple life form that cannot make their own food. They live in hair, nails and skins ex. of this are mushroom and yeast.

Protozoa- simple animal-like organisms. Malaria is diseased caused by protozoa.

Common Communicable Diseases Colds- most common communicable

diseases caused by hundred different viruses.

Pneumonia- a serious disease of the lungs that can be caused by either bacteria or viruses.

Influenza or Flu- a serious illnesss caused by viruses.

Mononucleosis- the kissing disease. Hepatitis- a disease involves the swelling of

the liver. There are two kinds of Hepatitis.*Hepatitis A- caused by a virus that

often enters the body through contaminated food and dirty water.

*Hepatitis B- a disease spread through contact with the body fluids of an infected persons.

Malaria- caused by protozoa through the bites of mosquitoes.

Cholera- caused by bacteria which usually infect a person as he drinks water that contains feces and solid waste of person or eat food that has been washed by contaminated water.

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome )- a deadly disease that interferes the body natural ability to fight infection.

Lesson 12Non Communicable Diseases:

Lifestyle Diseases

_-Non Communicable Diseases-_

Are not caused by pathogens but rather, by how people live, by conditions with which they are born on or hazard around them.

_-Common Non Communicable Diseases-_

Cardiovascular Diseases- the disease of the heart and blood vessels. This include;

*Arteriosclerosis- the hardening of the arteries; Occurs when fatty substance such as cholesterols is deposited on the walls of the arteries.*Heart attack- occurs when the heart muscles tissue dies from lack of oxygen because of reduce blood flow.*Hypertension or High Blood Pressure- occurs when blood pressure is higher than normal.*Stroke- occurs when a clot blocks a small blood cells in the brain, those brain cells die from lack of oxygen.

Cancer- is caused by abnormal cell growing without control. As this abnormal cells form in masses called tumor.

And it can either be;*First;

Benign- masses of cells that are not cancerous and do not spread.

*Second;Malignant- masses of cells that are

cancerous.

What are the Warning Signs of Cancers?

Let’s find

out!!!

Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast or

elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness.

Cancer maybe diagnosed in many different ways:

Biopsy Curretage X-Ray

_-Treatment of Cancer-_*Surgery- this involves the removal of the tumor and repair of the affected organ.*Radiation Theraphy or Radiotheraphy- this is involves attacking the cancer cells with X- Rays or with Rays or particles from Radioactive substances such as cobalt 60 or Radium

*Drug Theraphy or Chemotheraphy- this has become an increasingly important method of cancer treatment.

Diabetes- a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy.

*Type I- diabetes is the result of little or no insulin produce by pancreas.

*Type II- diabetes is the result of too little insulin produce by the pancreas or failure of the insulin to function normally.

Arthritis- refers to the inflammation of the joint or joints. It usually occurs during old Age.

*Rheumatoids Arthritis- caused pain and swelling in many joints throughout the body.

*Osteoarthritis- is a disease of the older people. It results from the wear and tear on the joints, especially those of the hips, knees and fingers. It caused severe pains.

Lesson 13:Herbal Medicine: An

Alternative Cure

_-Common Medical Plants-_For fever

Camias (kamyas)Star Fruit (Balingbing)Tamarind (sampalok)

For HeadacheWorm Wood(Damong Maria)

For ConstipationTamarind (sampalok)

For CoughChinese Orange(Kalamansi)Ginger (luya)Mango (Mangga)Tamarind (Sampalok)

For DiarrheaGuava (bayabas)Star Apple (kaymito)Mango (mangga)

For Toothache

Guava (bayabas)

Garlic (bawang)

For wounds

Worm Wood (Damong Maria)

Tamarind (sampalok)

For Cuts and ScrapesGinger (luya)Tamarind (sampalok)

For Joint Pains and RheumatismGinger (luya)Garlic (bawang)

For Gas PainsWorm wood (damong Maria)Ginger (luya)

_-Herbal Medicines Approved By The Department of Health-_

AkapulcoAmpalayaBawang BayabasLagundiNiyog- niyoganSambongTsaang GubatUlasimong BatoYerba Buena

Thank You