disorders of the digestive system
DESCRIPTION
Disorders of the Digestive system. Stomatitis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Occurs simultaneously with glossitis , gingivitis and palatitis (Inflammation of tongue, gum and palate respectively). Etiology . Physical causes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
STOMATITIS Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral
cavity.
Occurs simultaneously with glossitis, gingivitis and palatitis (Inflammation of tongue, gum and palate respectively).
ETIOLOGY Physical causes
Injuries due to sharp objects or coarse feed
Injuries due to sharp teeth and malpositioned teeth
Injuries due to faulty drenching Too hot or too cold food
Chemicals: Irritant chemicals and drugs such as
acid and alkali, turpentine oil, etc.
ETIOLOGY (CONTD.) Infective causes:
Virus RP, FMD, IBR, CD, etc. Bacteria Streptococci, Staphylococci, Spherophorus
necrophorus, Actinobacillus, etc Fungus Monilla spp, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp. Parasites Plant lies , mites, leeches
Nutritional Vitamin B deficiency (riboflavin,
niacin) Allergy Ingestion of stinging plants and
insects.
CLINICAL SIGNS Anorexia due to pain
Profuse salivation, foaming at the mouth with stingy saliva hanging down from the mouth. Saliva may contain pus or epithelium.
Smacking of the lips.
CLINICAL SIGNS Oral mucosa become red and swollen
Vesicles on the oral mucosa
Enlargement of local lymph nodes- sub maxillary and pharyngeal lymph nodes.
DIAGNOSIS From clinical signs Examination of swab or scrapping to determine
the causative agent
Vesicular fluid should be collected in 50% glycerin buffer for confirmatory tests.
TREATMENT 1. Foreign bodies if any may be removed
2. Collutory (Mouth wash) Potassium permanganate (1: 10000) or 0.1 % soln. 2 % Copper sulphate solution 2% Alum soln. 1 -2 % Boroglycerine
3. Antibiotics- in systemic diseases and to prevent secondary infection.
4. Antihistanimics
TREATMENT (CONTD.)
5. Supportive therapy
Inj. Vitamin A and C
Fluid therapy.
6. Provide soft food and grass
ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION
Sudden occlusion of the esophagus
Characterized by excessive salivation, deglutition inability and regurgitation.
ETIOLOGY Internal obstruction by foreign bodies
Feed material- mango seed, potatoes, turnips, etc.
Non-feed foreign materials- stones, metals, wood, glasses, etc.
Mural obstructions Neoplasms and extra growths
Eg. Spirocerca lupa may cause obstruction.
ETIOLOGY (CONTD.) Extramural obstructions
Tuberculosis or abscess of mediastinal lymphnode
Neoplasm of cardiac end of stomach
Oesephageal diverticulum
Displacement of the heart and lung base
PATHOGENESIS spasm of esophageal musculature and
forceful movement of the rumen/stomach
Excessive salivation with slimy saliva.
There are three sites of obstruction Immediately behind the pharynx
(oropharynx)
Cervical part of the esophagus, and
Thoracic part of the esophagus
CLINICAL SIGNS Salivation, restlessness, refusal of food, protrusion of
tongue, respiratory distress
Grunting (cattle)
Stretching of head and neck from side to side (cattle)
Fatal tympany
CLINICAL SIGNS (CONTD.) Regurgitation and cough (cattle)
Pawing on the ground (horse)
Pawing in the mouth Dyspnoea
Vomiting (pigs, cats, dogs)
Foul breath, mouth held high (cats, dogs)
DIAGNOSIS History of ingestion of foreign body
Palpation of cervical esophagus for foreign bodies
Use of mouth gag to examine pharyngeal obstruction
DIAGNOSIS
Stomach tube to judge the nature and location of obstruction
Radiography of full length of esophagus
Contrast radiography to locate the obstruction
Surgical exploration for prompt diagnosis and repair
LINE OF TREATMENT Removal of foreign body using long
handled forceps in small animals
Sedation of animal in acute cases with much discomfort to the animal.
Atropine sulphate to relax esophageal spasms in large animals.
TREATMENT (CONTD.) Trocarization in large animals to relief from
bloat.
Digital manipulation using a mouth gag for solid obstruction in pharyngeal region.
Surgical interference