distillation and deionizer

7/23/2019 Distillation and Deionizer

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M KASTHURI BAI

DISTILLER AND DEIONIZER


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Introduction Water for lab use must be free from

contaminants that could interfere with theperformance of tests.

The ualit! of water reuired dependent on

the wor" carried out

Water of an appropriate ualit! and uantit!

is reuired for# Stains and rea$ents

Rea$ents for clinical chemistr! tests %ulture media and rea$ents used in microbiolo$!

Rea$ents used in haematolo$! and blood

transfusion wor"


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%ont

The rinsin$ of cleaned $lassware&plasticware& s!rin$es& needles& lancets and

euipment components& e$ cu'ettes

Methods used to obtain water of adeuate

purit! and uantit!# (istillation

(eioni)ation *iltration usin$ a $ra'it! filter and reusable

ceramic filter of +., m porosit!


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%ont

(istilled or deioni)ed water of IS- $rade is

recommended for anal!tical wor"

*or stainin$ procedures it ma! be possible touse filtered water without deioni)ation


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Effectiveness of distillation,

filtration and deionization

distillation filtration deionizationDissolved

Ionized solid E/G P E

Dissolved

Organics G P PDissolved ionized P P E

Gases

Particlates E E/G P

!acteria E E PP"rogen E P P

E#E$cellent % G# Good% P#Poor


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(istillation In distillation& impure water is boiled and the

steam produced is condensed on a coldsurface /condenser0 to $i'e chemicall! puredistilled water

(oes not remo'edissol'ed ioni)ed $ases

such as ammonia& carbon dio1ide andchlorine

(istilled water is clear& colourlessandodourless

Water contains onl! the condensed steamand distillate is collected into clean sterilecontainer

The water is p!ro$en free


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Water (istiller


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Water distiller


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Water distiller


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Water distiller

A considerable 'olume of runnin$ water isreuired to operate a distiller

Usuall! not less than 2+ litre3hour tocondense the steam

The water feedin$ the distiller must not be

hea'il! contaminated


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Water distiller

specification

Water is sin$le distilled with an output of 4litres3hour from a "W heater

Built5in safet! thermostat

Reuires a runnin$ water suppl! of minimum

flow 2+ litres3hour /not hea'il! contaminated0

%an be cleaned and descaled without bein$

dismantled


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Use and care

Read carefull! manufacturer6s instructions.

7repare a stoc" card and written S-7s

co'erin$ the use& cleanin$ and care of the

still.

8nsure there is a sufficient suppl! of coolrunnin$ water to feed the condenser

(o not allow the boiler to run dr!

%ollect the distilled water in a clean $lass or

plastic container pre'iousl! rinsed with fresh

distilled water. (o not waste the water b!

allowin$ the container to o'erfill


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Use and care

A'oid storin$ the distilled water for more thana few da!s. Keep the container capped.

Re$ularl! clean the still. If the water feedin$

the still is hard& the still will reuire freuent

descalin$ as recommended b! the

manufacturer.

(o not use a still if an! of the $lass

components appear crac"ed. Replace thedama$ed part.


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(eioni)ation

In deioni)ation& impure water is passedthrou$h anion and cation e1chan$e resins to

produce ion free water.

Has low electrical conducti'it!& near pHand

free from water soluble saltsbut is 9-T

p!ro$en free or sterile

Water should be filtered prior to deioni)ation

process Use of unfiltered water will lead to rapid

contamination and e1haustion of the resins
http://www.iprocessmart.com/images/Ametek/cartridges_deionizing_large.JPG


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(eioni)ation
http://www.iprocessmart.com/images/Ametek/cartridges_deionizing_large.JPG


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(eioni)ation

The process of deioni)ation uses two resinsthat are opposite in char$es : the cationic/ne$ati'e0 and the anionic /positi'e0.

The cationic resinis t!picall! made from

st!rene containin$ ne$ati'el! char$edsulfonic acid $roups& and will be pre5char$edwith h!dro$en ions.

This resin will attract the positi'el! char$ed

ions in the water /%a;;& M$;;& 9a;&etc.0 andreleases an eui'alent amount of h!dro$en/H;0 ions.


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(eioni)ation

anionic resinis also made from st!rene& butcontains positi'el! char$ed uaternar!

ammonium $roups& and will be pre5char$ed

with h!dro1ide ions.

This resin will attractthe ne$ati'el! char$ed

ions /H%-5& %l5& S-455&etc.0 and releases

an eui'alent amount of h!dro1ide /-H50.

The h!dro$en and h!dro1ide ions thencombine to form water.

H; ; -H5 < H-H or H=-.


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(eioni)ation


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(eioni)ation


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(eioni)ation

Sin$le deioni)ation c!cle ma! not remo'e allthe T(S

Some of the ions will not be attracted b! the

resins& so runnin$ the (I water throu$h a

second c!cle will pro'ide for additional

purification.

In other words& the more !ou run the

deioni)ed water throu$h& the more pure the!ieldin$ water will be


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(eioni)ation

*or satisfactor! deioni)ation the water mustpass throu$h the resin column slowl! ande'enl!.

It ta"es > hour to obatin 45? litres of distilled

water If water is allowed to pass rapidl!& it form a

channel throu$h or down the side of resininstead of passin$ e'enl! throu$h the entire

resin bed. Une'en passa$e of water indicated b! the

resin chan$in$ colour une'enl! down oneside of the column


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(eioni)er resins

To ma1imi)e the life of the resin the followin$

are important# Keep the deioni)er tube out of sunli$ht to a'oid

inacti'atin$ the indicator When not in use& remo'e the deioni)er tube and

store it in dar" place

@ This will protect the indicator and minimi)e contamination

of the resin column. When >stused after stora$e& discard the water

passin$ throu$h the column for the first ? minutes

Keep unused resin in an opaue& sealed& airti$ht

plastic ba$ or tin


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(eioni)er resins

%an cause irritation if it is allowed to enter the

e!e or s"in

Must wear $lo'es and protecti'e e!e $o$$les

when fillin$ the plastic tube

Resin beads are insoluble in water Store the resin below ?+ % awa! from nitric

acid and stron$ o1idi)ers


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Use and care

Read carefull! manufacturer6s instructions.

7repare a stoc" card and written S-7sco'erin$ the use& cleanin$ and care of thewater deioni)er

%hec" water purit! mater to ensure that theresin is full! acti'e and producin$ chemicall!pure water

The resin will become rapidl! e1hausted ifwater with hi$h chemical concentration isroutinel! used

Where tap water is of poor ualit!& thedeioni)er should be fed with clean rain wateror filtered water


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*iltration When usin$ a $ra'it! water filter fitted with a

ceramic candle filter with +., m porosit!

Most bacteria& parasitic microor$anisms and

suspended particles can be remo'ed from the

water but not dissol'ed salts

&t#a'a" s(o'ing

!acteria Tra))ed on

Oter *all of t(e&era+ic

Si+)le &leaning


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Thank you

distillation and deionizer

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