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DISTRICT COOLING
IN FINLAND
Marko Riipinen
Presented by Turo Eklund
BASREC20.-21.5.2014 Helsinki
Sustainable and Energy EfficientDistrict Heating and Cooling
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District Heating suppliers offer DistrictCooling in seven cities:
Helsinki (1998), Turku (2000), Lahti (2000), Vierumäki (2002), Tampere (2012),
Pori (2012) and Espoo (2013)
DISTRICT COOLING IN FINLAND
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DISTRICT HEAT AND COOLING –MOST WANTED ENERGY SOLUTIONS
� Customers are willing to
outsource heating and cooling production to the energy company
� At the same time harms and risks of own production are avoided
� Energy systems are reliable and cost efficient solutions for the whole life-cycle
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Delivered District Cooling energy and
connected load
0
50
100
150
200
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Connected load MWSale MWh
delivered energy connected load
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District Cooling production 169 GWh (2013)District Heating production 31600 GWh (2013)
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Compression
chilling7,8%Absorption
chilling
17,1%
Heat pump
48,8%
Free cooling
26,3%
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• Production methods must be combined according to local conditions
• District Cooling energy can be produced in several alternative ways:
� Free cooling (utilization of nature’s own energy resources)
� Absorption chillers
� Compressor chillers
� Heat pumps
• In absorption technology, the operating energy is industrial waste heat or heat produced together with the electricity generation of a power plant, which cannot
be sold as District Heat during the summer due to low consumption levels
• The storage of District Cooling energy is essential even in smaller systems to
improve the profitability of operations
• Storage also brings flexibility and extra reliability in the supply of cooling energy
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DISTRICT COOLING PRODUCTION
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PRODUCTION
FREE COOLING
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PRODUCTION
ABSORPTION CHILLERS
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PRODUCTION
HEAT PUMPS
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Production capacity in District Cooling
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MW
heat pump absorption compressor free cooling
NB: Production capacities can't be summed up, e.g. cooling capacity
from free cooling depends on the sea water temperature / outdoor
temperature.
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• Cooling energy is delivered to customers in the flow pipes with chilled water
• Cooling water is treated in the same way as district heating water
• The temperature of cooling water delivered to the customer varies in different district cooling systems
� When producing cooling energy with absorption technology or free cooling, the temperature of cooling water is, for example, 8 oC
� When producing energy with compressor cooling equipment, the water temperature may fall to 6 oC
� Water heated in the customer’s heat exchanger is transmitted in the return pipe back to the cooling plant where the same water is cooled again
� In the measurement situation, 8-10 oC is used as the temperature difference between flow and return water
DISTRIBUTION
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CITY OF HELSINKI
� The capital city of Finland
� Approx. 605 000 inhabitants
� Heat market totally ca. 8 000 GWh
� Thermal energy demand is greater than electricity demand
The highest temperature ever recorded in the city centre was 33.1 °C on July 1945 and the lowest was
−34.3 °C on January 1987.
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Rapid growth is based on customers own will to choose District Cooling in a
free market
DISTRICT COOLING IN HELSINKI
• More than 80 % of production is
based on free energy sources or energy that otherwise would be wasted
• Large primary energy and CO2
savings compared to alternative cooling solutions.
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Cooling demand in Helsinki
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DISTRICT COOLING IN HELSINKI
� District cooling is expanding rapidly
� System is already covering a volume of buildings of 13.6 million m3
� It saves energy and conserves the environment
� It is produced in an environmentally benign way
� Europes 3rd largest supplier of DistrictCooling
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� Customers: 257 connections (about 300 buildings)
� Connected cooling load: 154 MW
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PRODUCTION
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DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING
MODERN DISTRICT ENERGY SYSTEM
CHP
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WASTE HEAT TO THE SMART SYSTEM
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SUNZEB - SUN ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
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SUNZEB - SUN ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
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PRODUCTION – THERMAL STORAGES
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• Heat sources
• Purified sewage water • District cooling network
• Sea water
• Total output is 90 MW of District Heat and 60 MW of District Cooling
• Katri Vala’s heat pump plant is the largest in the world to produce District Heating and Cooling at the same process and using Purified sewage water as a heat source.
•
Katri Vala’s Heat pump plant
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HEAT PUMPS + THERMAL STORAGE
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THANK YOU
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Turo Eklund
Head of Unit
HELSINGIN ENERGIA
00090 HELEN, Finland
Phone: +358 9 617 2952
Email: [email protected]
Marko Riipinen
Director, DHC
HELSINGIN ENERGIA
00090 HELEN, Finland
Phone: +358 9 617 2900
Email: [email protected]