diversity in dental education
TRANSCRIPT
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
DIVERSITY IN DENTAL EDUCATION:
Moving from Anecdote to Analytics
Bryan J. Cook, Ph.D.
Senior Vice President for Educational Research and Analysis
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
”If I had an hour to solve a problem I’d
spend 55 minutes thinking about the
problem and 5 minutes thinking about the
solution”
-Albert Einstein
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
22%19% 19%
5%
23%
7%7% 7%4% 5% 5%
10%
4%6%
3% 3%7% 7%
52%56%
67%
77%
53%
63%
Dentistry Medicine OsteopathicMedicine
Vet Medicine Pharmacy Law
Native American Asian Hispanic African American White
Graduates of Professional Programs
by Race and Ethnicity, 2014-15
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
52% 52%55%
22%
38%
52%48% 48%
45%
78%
62%
48%
Dentistry Medicine OsteopathicMedicine
Vet Medicine Pharmacy Law
Male Female
Graduates of Professional Programs
by Gender, 2014-15
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Distribution of Graduates by Professional
Program, Race, and Gender 2015
White Asian African American Hispanic
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Dentistry 58% 42% 46% 54% 40% 60% 44% 56%
Medicine 55% 45% 50% 50% 35% 65% 49% 51%
Osteopathic Medicine
56% 44% 52% 48% 43% 57% 56% 44%
Vet Medicine
23% 77% 17% 83% 18% 82% 26% 74%
Pharmacy 39% 61% 36% 64% 39% 61% 36% 64%
Law 56% 44% 42% 58% 38% 62% 44% 56%
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Racial/Ethnic Pipeline to Dental
Faculty, 2015
0%
1%
1%
0%
0%
1%
1%
1%
7%
7%
8%
8%
11%
11%
12%
21%
4%
5%
5%
5%
8%
11%
13%
14%
10%
22%
23%
25%
16%
7%
6%
6%
65%
55%
55%
50%
60%
68%
58%
55%
Dental School Faculty
Dental School Graduates
Dental School Enrollment
Dental School Applicants
Graduates in a biological sciencefield
Graduates of a 4yr college
Enrolled in a 4yr college
Percent of US Population (20-29)
White
Asian
African American
Hispanic
Native American
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Distribution of African American
Students
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
# Schools with at least 2% of African American enrollment
18 20 19 21
% these schools are of all dental schools
30% 32% 29% 32%
% of African American students enrolled by these schools
71% 74% 70% 73%
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Distribution of Hispanic Students
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
# Schools with at least 2% of Hispanic enrollment
19 18 21 18
% these schools are of all dental schools
31% 29% 32% 28%
% of Hispanic students enrolled by these schools
72% 68% 71% 64%
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Distribution of Native American
Students
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
# Schools with at least 2% of Native American enrollment
25 28 12 13
% these schools are of all dental schools
41% 45% 18% 20%
% of Native American students enrolled by these schools
100% 100% 79% 76%
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Distribution of Asian Students
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
# Schools with at least 2% of Asian enrollment
23 23 23 24
% these schools are of all dental schools
38% 37% 35% 37%
% of Asian students enrolled by these schools
74% 73% 71% 70%
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Schools with 2% or more of URM
2011-12 through 2014-15
African American
Hispanic Native American
No years with 2% or more 39 43 34
1 year with 2% or more 7 1 5
2 years with 2% or more 1 2 13
3 years with 2% or more 3 2 5
4 years with 2% or more 15 17 8
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Top 20 schools in size of
enrollment in 2015
African American
Hispanic Native American
Number of students represented by 2% 18 28 2
Number of top 30 schools with 2% or more in 2014-15 12 15 13
Total number of schools with 2% or more in 2014-15 21 18 13
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Distribution of Faculty 2015
AfricanAmerican
Hispanic Native American
Asian
# Schools with at least 2% ofenrollment
22 14 18 22
% these schools are of all dental schools
34% 22% 28% 34%
% of race/ethnicgroup employed by these schools
75% 71% 100% 76%
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Additional Areas for Deeper
Analysis
• Dental school faculty
• Feeder schools
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Feeder Schools 2014-2017
African American Hispanic
1 HOWARD UNIVERSITY FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
2 XAVIER UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
3 SPELMAN COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
4 UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA - CHAPEL HILLUNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO - RIO PIEDRAS CAMPUS
5 OAKWOOD UNIVERSITY NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
6 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND - COLLEGE PARK UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA - TAMPA
7 TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY
8 NON-US/CANADIAN (FOREIGN) INSTITUTION FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
9 MOREHOUSE COLLEGE ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY - TEMPE
10 HAMPTON UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO - MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Feeder Schools
Asian White
1 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - LOS ANGELES BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
2 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - IRVINE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
3 UNIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN - ANN ARBOR
4 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - SAN DIEGO UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
5 NON-US/CANADIAN (FOREIGN) INSTITUTION UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
6UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON - BOTHELL CAMPUS/SEATTLE CAMPUS/TACOMA CAMPUS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - LOS ANGELES
7 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - DAVIS INDIANA UNIVERSITY - BLOOMINGTON
8 UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS - AUSTIN UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA - CHAPEL HILL
9 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - BERKELEY MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY - EAST LANSING
10 UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Additional Areas for Deeper
Analysis
• Dental school faculty
• Feeder schools
• Allied dental education
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Allied Dental Education Enrollment by
Race and Ethnicity, 2015-16
1% 0% 1%
7%
14%
4%
13%16% 17%
4%
14% 15%
70%
31%
53%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Dental Hygiene Dental Laboratory Technichan Dental Assisting
Chart Title
Native American Asian Hispanic African American White
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Dental Hygiene Enrollment by Race,
Ethnicity, and Gender, 2015-16
1% 1%
7%13%
22%
5%
11%
70%
40%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Dental Hygiene
Chart Title
Native American Women Native American Men Asian Women Asian Men
Hispanic Women Hispanic Men African American Women African American Men
White Women White Men
AMERICAN DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Key takeaways…
• Dental school racial/ethnic diversity not great, but not unique.
• Pipeline: continue recruitment fight in small pond or grow pond?
• URM distribution skewed?
• Continue deeper analysis of other areas to better understand diversity in dental education.