THE FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION

ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES

EUKRAYOTES

UNICELLULAR

MONERA

UNICELLULAR

MULTICELLULAR

PROTISA

WITH CELL WALL WITHOUT CELL WALL

FUNGI PLANTAEANIMALIA

KINGDOM PLANTAE These are multicellular

eukaryotes with cell walls.

They are autotrophs and have chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Thus all plants are included in this group.

This kingdom is further divided into THALLOPHYTA, PTERIDOPHYTA, GMNOSPERMS and ANGIOSPERMS.

PLANTAE

THALLOPHYTA

PTERIDOPHYTA

PHANEROGAMS

ANGIOSPERMS

GYMNOSPERMS

THALLOPHYTA The plants that do not have well-

differentiated body design fall in this group. The plants in this group are commonly

called algae. These plants are predominantly aquatic. SPIROGYRA, ULOTHRIX, CLADOPHORA and

CHARA are few examples of algae.

ULOTHRIXCLADOPHOR

A

ULVACELL WALLCHLOROPLASTPYRENOIDSNUCLEUSCYTOPLASM

SPIROGYRA

CHARADO YOU KNOW?LINNAEUS established the genus- Chara in 1753.

AGARIUS(MUSHROOM) It belongs to group of

Fungi of division Thallophyta.

Its body is thallus i.e., not divided into root, stem and leaf.

It is a heterotroph due to absence of chlorophyll.

It is a saprophyte. Its reproductive organs are

single celled. No embryo is formed in it

after fertilization. It has no vascular system.

PILEUS

GILLS

STIPE

ANNUIUS

BRYOPHYTHA These are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom. The plant body is commonly differentiated to form

stem and leaf-like structures. However, there is no specialized tissue for the

conduction of water and other substances from one part of the plant body to another.

MOSS (FUNARIA) and MARCHANTIA are the examples of this group.

FUNARIA

MARCHANTIA

RICCIA

DO YOU KNOW?One of the more than 100 species in this genus is the “Slender Riccia.” DO YOU KNOW?

Recently it has been assigned its own plant division, “Marchantiophyta”.

DO YOU KNOW?“Funaria hygrometrica” is the most common species of this genus.

PTERIDOPHYTAIn this group, the plant body is

differentiated into roots, stem and leaves.

It has specialized tissue for the conduction of water and other substances from one part of the plant body to another.

MARSILEA, FERNS and HORSE-TAILS are some examples of this group.

MARSILEA

LEAF

SPOROCARP

STEM ROOT

FERN

HORSETAIL The horse tails are a class in

the Pteridophyta(ferns). They were one of the most

important groups in the Palaezoic Era.

They are seen in the coal measures of the Carboniferous period , and some were trees reaching 30 meters.

The group is now almost extinct, but one genus survives. That genus is EQUISETUM- the only living genus of horsetails.

SIMILARITIES AMONG THE ABOVE THREE GROUPS

The thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes have naked embryos that are called spores.

The reproductive organs of plants in all these three groups are very inconspicuous, and they are therefore called ‘CRYPTOGAMAE’, or ‘those with hidden reproductive organs’.

PHANEROGAMS Plants with well-differentiated

reproductive tissues that ultimately make seeds are called phanerogams.

Seeds are the result of the reproductive process. They consist of the embryo along with stored food, which serves for the initial growth of the embryo during germination.

This group is further classified, based on whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in fruits, giving us two groups: GYMNOSPERMS and ANGIOSPERMS.

GYMNOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS-This term is comprised of two

Greek words: gymno-means naked and sperma-means seed.

The plants of this group bear naked seeds. The plants of this group are usually

perennial, evergreen and woody. PINES and DEODAR are the examples of this

group.

CYCAS PINUS

ANGIOSPERMS ANGIOSPERM-This word is comprised of two Greek

words: angio-means covered and sperma-means seed.

The seeds develop inside an organ which is modified to become a fruit.

These are also called flowering plants. Plant embryos in seeds have structures called

cotyledons which are called ‘seed leaves’. The angiosperms are divided into two groups on the

basis of the number of cotyledons present in the seeds-(i)MONOCOTS or MONOCOTYLEDONS-have single cotyledon (ii)DICOTS-have two cotyledons.

MONOCOTS- PAPHIOPEDILUM

dicots-ipomoea

MUSTARD PLANT(BRASSICA

CAMPESTRIS) It is an angiospermic

plant. Its body is well-

differentiated into root, stem and leaves.

Mustards are several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice.

It has well-developed vascular system.

Its seeds are embedded inside the fruits.

FLOWER

PETIOLE

MID-RIBLEAF

BLADE

FRUIT

MAIN ROOT

LATERAL ROOT

THANKS FOR SEEING THE SLIDE SHOW!

HOPE YOU LIKED IT!

A SLIDE SHOW BY:MANASVI BHATT

IX ‘B’1