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Ethnic StudiesNo history, no self. Know history, know self.
Diversity is a reality.Inclusion is a choice.
February 22, 2019Vincent Perez, MPA
In Lak’ech(I am you. You are me.)
Nehuan Ti Nehuan (I am you and you am I)
Tú eres mi otro yoYou are my other me.
Si te hago daño a tiIf I do harm to you,
Me hago daño a m ́ mismoI do harm to myself;S ́ te amo y respeto
If I love and respect you,Me amo y respeto yo
I love and respect myself.– a Mayan inspired poem from Luis Valdez’s “Pensamiento Serpentino”
● identify and explain the national and local conditions that necessitate culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy in K-12 schools.
● understand how bilingual student leadership, Xicanx Indigenous and decolonizing epistemologies can frame curriculum and pedagogy in K-12 settings and how those methods have been successful with youth of color.
● describe the importance of building on students’ funds of knowledge and cultural assets and name/use specific culturally responsive methods and strategies to harness student narrative.
Scholars in a House of Learning
heart work is hard work
La Cima (the summit) bilingual leadership imparts leadership and life skills to Latinx youth.
¡La Chispa! (the spark) bilingual leadership imparts leadership and life skills to Latino youth. Middle School one-day workshops.
Grupo Ollin: Green Hill School every Monday“Grupo” is Spanish for “Group”“Ollin” is Nahuatl for “Movement/Change”We are the group of change.
Dare to Dream Academies are credit bearing courses held at four universities for migrant youth in partnership with OSPI and CAMP (College Assistance Migrant Program) offices.
XITO (Xicanx Institute for Teaching and Organizing) strives to support the Xicanx/Latinx community through teacher preparation, social justice pedagogy and community organizing. XITO's practices are steeped in Xicanx indigenous epistemology which drives the intentions, structures, and practices of the institute. (Documentary: Precious Knowledge)
Why is race a predictor of academic achievement?
“Socially constructed. Politically contested”- Cornel West
Ethnic Studies
Yosso
Ethnic Studies
Ethnic Studies
Q: What are the policies, processes and practices impacting this
educational pipeline?
Ethnic Studies
● High stakes & hyper accountability● Privatization● Anti-Immigrant Laws● Zero tolerance policies● ELL policies● The academy as a colonial structure● Deficit ideologies● Lack of cultura in curriculum vs. Ethnic Studies● Housing policy
Ethnic Studies
From LOSS to RESTORATION: Restore the C’s
● Connection (Attachment)
strong relationship with caring adult
● Coping (Self-Regulation)
ability to manage emotions in a healthy way
● Competence (Self-Worth)
Cognitive skills/competencies
Do these three things:
If you can only do one, be connected.
CONNECTION: Safety. Belonging. Humanizing relationship. (In Lak’ech = You are my other me.)
COPING: Physical & Psychological Regulation
COMPETENCE: Agency. Self-Worth & Empowerment. Practice.
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“A person’s a person through other people”
Being able to feel safe with other people is probably the single most important aspect of mental health; safe connections are fundamental to meaningful and satisfying lives.
- Van der Kolk15
CONNECTION
Start with Self-RegulationThe foundation of all effective treatments involves some way for people to learn that they can change their arousal system.
We are rhythm machines
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COPING
Competence is the best defense against the helplessness of trauma. This is, of course, true for all of us. When the job goes bad, when a cherished project fails, when someone you count on leaves you or dies, there are few things as helpful as moving your muscles and doing something that demands focused attention. -Van der Kolk
COMPETENCE (Self-Worth): Cognitive Skills
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COMPETENCE
Will Giles & Travis T. - "Oral Traditions" (NPS 2015)
Ethnic Studies
The fundamental stages of recovery are:1. Establishing safety.
2. Reconstructing the traumatic story; remembrance and mourning.
3. Restoring connection.-Judith Herman, Trauma and Recovery
Ethnic Studies
The valuable knowledge, skills and attitudes gained by students in ethnic
studies is clearly evidenced by the fifteen-year long application of the MAS (Mexican American Studies) program in the Tucson Unified School District that resulted in a 97.5% graduation rate for
the students who took MAS courses (Fernández 2016)
Ethnic Studies
There is a growing body of research and scholarship from across the country
that has shown and proven that ethnic studies has positive academic and social
results for students of all races and ethnic background (Espiritu 2014).
Ethnic Studies
Social justice content directly counters white supremacy, male supremacy, and other forms of oppression through an epistemological contextualization of
students’ social, economic and cultural realities (Cammarota & Romero, 2006).
Ethnic Studies
Culturally responsive pedagogy is a student-centered approach to teaching in which the students’ unique cultural strengths are identified and nurtured to promote student achievement and a sense of well-being about the student’s cultural place [and critical consciousness] in the world. -Matthew Lynch Ed.D.
Learning to read the word and read the world.
Ethnic Studies
Ethnic Studies is the critical and interdisciplinary study of race,
ethnicity, and indigeneity with a focus on the experiences and perspectives of people of color within and beyond the
United States.
Ethnic Studies
Ethnic studies, in the United States, is the interdisciplinary study of race,
ethnicity, and nation, but also sexuality, gender, and other such identities—and
power, as expressed by the state, by civil society, and by individuals.
Ethnic Studies
Since the emergence of ethnic studies as an academic field in the late 1960s,
scholars have analyzed the ways in which race and racism have been, and
continue to be, powerful social, cultural, and political forces and their connections to other axes of
stratification, including gender, class, sexuality, and legal status.
Ethnic Studies
Ethnic Studies effectively works to counter inequality by facilitating
empowering processes that lead to the closing of the persistent and pervasive
achievement gap between Youth of Color and white youth (Arce, 2017)
Ethnic Studies
Ethnic Studies develops strong cultural and academic identities in Youth of
Color while simultaneously reducing prejudice, bias, and racist ideologies in
white youth (Arce, 2017).
Ethnic Studies
Western education models in the United States have effectively served as tools of deculturalization, colonization, and
dehumanization, and the oppression for Black, Chicano/a, Native American, and
Asian youth. - Sean Arce, 2016
Ethnic Studies
Modern compulsory schooling is deemed a reductive process and schools serve as key sites for the production of
minority status. The mainstream curriculum strips culture, language,
identity and dignity from students of color with little to no representation of their cultural capital. (Valenzuela 2010)
Ethnic Studies
Without analyzing race and
racism, critical scholarship can
not offer strategies for social
transformation?-Bell, Freeman, Solórzano & Yosso
Ethnic Studies
A critical praxis questions approaches to schooling
that pretend to be neutral or standardized while
implicitly privileging White, U.S. born, monolingual,
English-speaking students. Critical Race Theory (CRT)
challenges claims that the education system offers
objectivity, meritocracy, color-blindness, race
neutrality, and equal opportunity.
- Yosso 2006
Ethnic Studies
Colonizing education “takes away” language, identity, culture. It is subtractive schooling. It communicates,
“You do not belong.”
Decolonizing education “brings in.” It welcomes, invites and includes the rich knowledge of students’ lives,
language, histories and ancestors. It adds value to the classroom. It communicates belonging.
Ethnic Studies
An educator in a system of oppression is either a
revolutionary or an oppressor
-Lerone Bennett Jr.
Ethnic Studies
Counter-storytelling
“Until the lion learns to write, every story will glorify the hunter.”
Countering the “master narrative” or “meta-narrative”
Counter-storytelling, at all grade levels, allows students to see themselves, their histories, their ancestry and their identity as an integral part of the historical narrative.
Ethnic Studies
Counter-stories can be used to expose, analyze, as well as challenge deeply entrenched narratives and characterizations of racial privilege gender, class, etc.
Critical Race Theory (CRT) explicitly listens to the lived experience of People of Color through counter-storytelling methods such as family histories, parables, testimonios, dichos (proverbs), and chronicles.
Ethnic Studies
Counter-Narratives / Counter-Storytelling Story making is not simply the art of repetition but rather an act of creation. As someone who grew up de-Indigenized, the fact that I am able to partake in the writing of (creation) stories by itself also demonstrates that peoples who are de-Indigenized can be reconnected to ancient knowledge.
They tried to bury us, but they didn’t know we were seeds.
Ethnic Studies
Definitions
Decolonial: a term which focuses on understanding modernity in the context of a form of critical theory applied to ethnic studies. It is, in effect, a continuing confrontation of, and delinking from, Eurocentrism : the idea that the history of human civilization has been a trajectory that departed from nature and culminated in Europe.
Ethnic Studies
Definitions
Hegemony: is the cultural, political, economic, or military influence, predominance, or control over others
(Erika Story)
Ethnic Studies
● Using decolonial pedagogies means disrupting assumptions about where and how “legitimate” learning takes place, and who facilitates it.
● Naming hegemony as a system of social control - and schools as vehicles for that process.
Ethnic Studies
Theory● A vision for liberatory education is anchored in a
commitment to know through both theory AND practice.
● Theory as a product of historical knowledge construction is ongoing and regenerative...never complete but but always exists within particular set conditions shaped by particular relations of power.
● Theory as a tool to name what you are producing.
Ethnic Studies
Aspirational Capital: the ability to maintain hopes and dreams for the future even in the face of barriers.
Familial Capital: cultural knowledges nurtured among familia (kin) that carry a sense of community history, memory, and cultural intuition.
Social Capital: networks of people and community resources.
Linguistic Capital: intellectual and social skills learned through communication experiences in more than one language and/or style.
Resistant Capital: knowledge and skills cultivated through behavior that challenges inequality.
Navigational Capital: skills and abilities for maneuvering through social institutions. -Yosso
Ethnic Studies
Critical
Naïve
Magical
Critical consciousness: critique system or structure that is creating the pathology.● Critical thinkers (question & verify)● CHANGE
Naïve consciousness: Blame own culture, self, victim● Lazy Thinking● Blame-a-holics● NO CHANGE
Magical consciousness: Bad fortune or “God’s will”● Luck, fate● NO CHANGE
Freire
Critical lens to view and interact with the world (metacognitive skills)
Ethnic Studies
97.5%Mexican American Studies (MAS) students were 9.5 percent more likely to graduate from high school than their peers who
attended the same high schools but did not take MAS courses.
XITO Graduation RateEthnic Studies
Critical Pedagogy. Critical Thinking - students are Subjects in the creation of knowledge.
Authentic Caring- students are full and complete human beings.
Social Justice Content- teaching content that directly counters white supremacy, male supremacy, and other forms of oppression through an epistemological contextualization of students’ social, economic and cultural realities
Ethnic Studies
Transformational Resistance (Solorzano & Bernal)
Ethnic Studies
Culturally responsive pedagogy is divided into three functional dimensions: the institutional dimension, the personal dimension, and the instructional dimension.
-Matthew Lynch Ed.D.
Ethnic Studies
Identity • Identidad Dignity • Dignidad
Historicize Humanize
Healing • Sanar Liberation • Liberacíon
--------How • Cómo-------
--------Why • Por qué-----
What • QuéEthnic Studies
Historicize● Place● People● Policy● Data● You name the field/sector: agriculture
(Fresh Fruit. Broken Bodies), architecture, business, healthcare, housing, military, academia / education...
Ethnic Studies
I have three young ladies who are literally terrified
These are my babies, I want to make sure I’m protecting my babies
I have children crying in the classroom, crying in my office. When I ask them, ‘why are you crying?’ They have expressed that they don’t want their moms to be apprehended and taken away from them. It’s something heavy on my heart.
Why does he hate us?
The kids should not be worried about this. They’re here to learn.
I don’t understand why Americans hate me
My kids now come to school with a change of clothes in their backpack in case they need to run
After an immigration sweep this month led to dozens of arrests here, a group of elementary school students looked to their teacher for an explanation. The teacher, who is forbidden from taking political stances in the classroom, asked them to write or draw what they were feeling.
This Is What Trump’s Immigration Crackdown Is Doing To School Kids Huffington Post 2/27/2017
Educational content based [solely] on the achievements of the dominant group
actively silences the cultural capital and thus intellectual contributions of
subordinate groups.- Bourdieu 1977
Ethnic Studies
9,000 years
Counter-Narratives / Counter-Storytelling
Despite an unprecedented three-hundred-year colonial mass-conversion project (known as reducciones), plus another two hundred years of non-Indigenous cultural domination, maíz cultures and narratives were in fact not eradicated; they continue to be a resilient part of the culture of many AmerIndigenous peoples, including those that live in the United States.
Ethnic Studies
Humanize
Narrative
● Redemption● Reconciliation● Reclamation● Reparations● Restitution● Restoration● Recovery● Reform● Reflective● Responsive● Repair
Ethnic Studies
Harness narrative to grow agency.
Ethnic Studies
Changing the World, One Word at a Time! | The Queen Latifah Show
Ethnic Studies
Resiliency
● Self-affirming narratives are resilience.● Be willing to allow people to speak.● Stories are data with a soul.● Build “growth mindset” narrative. (Effort -vs-
Talent)● GROW CONNECTIONS to people, animals, places
and ideas.
Ethnic Studies
● Teacher preparation that examines and decolonizes mainstream education practices
● Engaging with content that illustrates the rights of minoritized peoples and allows normally minoritized learners to be empowered
● Facilitating opportunities to learn from place (or the local land and community)
● An understanding of local customary protocols and community expectations
● Using learning resources or materials that do not perpetuate colonial myths and stereotypical representations
Ethnic Studies
Vincent Perez, MPA(318) 510-1936 • [email protected]
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