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DivineCommand

God commands it because it's right.

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DivineCommand

God commands it because it's right.

It's right because God commands it.

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DivineCommand

It's right because God commands it.

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DivineCommand

It's right because God commands it.

Problems:

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DivineCommand

It's right because God commands it.

Problems:

Makes right/wrong arbitrary

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DivineCommand

It's right because God commands it.

Problems:

Makes right/wrong arbitrary

Difficulty of determining/reconciling commands

1 Y kill

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1. You must not kill.

1 Y t t kill

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1. You must not kill.

2. You must not steal.

1 Y t t kill

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1. You must not kill.

2. You must not steal.

3. You must not lie.

1 You must not kill

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1. You must not kill.

2. You must not steal.

3. You must not lie.

4. You must honor your father and your mother.

1 You must not kill

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1. You must not kill.

2. You must not steal.

3. You must not lie.

4. You must honor your father and your mother.

5. Anyone who hits his mother or father, or curses them, should be executed.

1 You must not kill

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1. You must not kill.

2. You must not steal.

3. You must not lie.

4. You must honor your father and your mother.

5. Anyone who hits his mother or father, or curses them, should be executed.

6. If a man has sex with a virgin who is not already engaged, he must marry

her, or at least pay her father if the father doesn't want her to marry him.

1 You must not kill

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1. You must not kill.

2. You must not steal.

3. You must not lie.

4. You must honor your father and your mother.

5. Anyone who hits his mother or father, or curses them, should be executed.

6. If a man has sex with a virgin who is not already engaged, he must marry

her, or at least pay her father if the father doesn't want her to marry him.

7. If you buy a slave, he can be your slave for six years, but after that youmust set him free. But if someone sells his daughter to you to be your slave,

you are not obligated to set her free, ever. And if you give your male slave a

wife, and they have children, when the slave goes free you may keep the wife

and children.

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8. If a man hits his slave with a stick hard enough to kill him, the owner must

not be punished if the slave lives another day or two before dying.

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8. If a man hits his slave with a stick hard enough to kill him, the owner must

not be punished if the slave lives another day or two before dying.

9. If you catch a thief breaking in and hit him hard enough to kill him, then you

are guilty of murder, unless it happens before sunrise, in which case you aren't

guilty of anything.

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8. If a man hits his slave with a stick hard enough to kill him, the owner must

not be punished if the slave lives another day or two before dying.

9. If you catch a thief breaking in and hit him hard enough to kill him, then you

are guilty of murder, unless it happens before sunrise, in which case you aren't

guilty of anything.

10. Anyone who makes a sacrifice to the wrong god must be executed.

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8. If a man hits his slave with a stick hard enough to kill him, the owner must

not be punished if the slave lives another day or two before dying.

9. If you catch a thief breaking in and hit him hard enough to kill him, then you

are guilty of murder, unless it happens before sunrise, in which case you aren't

guilty of anything.

10. Anyone who makes a sacrifice to the wrong god must be executed.

11. It is forbidden to curse the ruler of your country.

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8. If a man hits his slave with a stick hard enough to kill him, the owner must

not be punished if the slave lives another day or two before dying.

9. If you catch a thief breaking in and hit him hard enough to kill him, then you

are guilty of murder, unless it happens before sunrise, in which case you aren't

guilty of anything.

10. Anyone who makes a sacrifice to the wrong god must be executed.

11. It is forbidden to curse the ruler of your country.

12. After a field has been planted for six years it must not be planted again the

seventh year.

N t l L

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

N t l L

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

N t l L

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Natural Law

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Why must something have only one proper function?

Natural Law

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Why must something have only one proper function?

It confuses two meanings of "law", only one of which is moral.

Natural Law

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Why must something have only one proper function?

It confuses two meanings of "law", only one of which is moral.

One law is intended to govern the behavior of beings who canchoose between right and wrong.

Natural Law

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Why must something have only one proper function?

It confuses two meanings of "law", only one of which is moral.

One law is intended to govern the behavior of beings who canchoose between right and wrong.

The other law is simply an observed regularity in the physical world:

the law of gravity.

Natural Law

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Why must something have only one proper function?

It confuses two meanings of "law", only one of which is moral.

One law is intended to govern the behavior of beings who canchoose between right and wrong.

The other law is simply an observed regularity in the physical world:

the law of gravity.

There are all kinds of common animal behaviors that we don'tconsider appropriate for humans

Natural Law

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Natural Law

Everything has a proper function in nature's order, and the

proper (right) way for people to live is according to that order.

Or, we should behave as animals do in nature.

Problems:

How do we determine the proper function of something (an organ)?

Why must something have only one proper function?

It confuses two meanings of "law", only one of which is moral.

One law is intended to govern the behavior of beings who canchoose between right and wrong.

The other law is simply an observed regularity in the physical world:

the law of gravity.

There are all kinds of common animal behaviors that we don'tconsider appropriate for humans

There are inconsistent patterns of behavior among animals, but

the theory gives us no way to tell whom to emulate: should we be

like sheep, or like wolves?