dm brochure for ncm 106 (2)

7/27/2019 DM Brochure for NCM 106 (2)

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SYSTEMS PLUS COLLEGE FOUNDATION

Balibago, Angeles City

COLLEGE OF NURSING


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Prepared by:

Concepcion, Kimberly Trisha R.

Herrera, Joash Julius S.

Ligon, Rowena P.

Manlincon, Arlyn G.

What is diabetes?

STEM CELLS TO CURE TYPE 1

DIABETES MELLITUS

STATISTICS

In the Philippines, It is estimated that there are about 3million Filipinos who are diabetic, 50% are undiagnosed.Another 3 million Filipinos have impaired glucose tolerancewhich is a risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovasculardisease. The prevalence of the disease in the Asia Pacificregion has now reached epidemic proportions. (2013)

In the United States, a report says that 2 out 3 (66.6 %) adult

Americans, and 15 % of the children, are overweight. In the

United States alone, there are about 17 million diabetics. Five

to 10 % have Type I (juvenile), and the rest, Type II (adult

onset) diabetes. Before insulin was discovered in the early

1920s, type 1 diabetes had 100 % mortality. In the past 10

years, there has been a 33 % increased in the number of

diabetic patients. (July 28, 2013)

Obesity (excessive weight)

Age- as we get older we are more at

risk of developing diabetes

Heredity (passing of genes from

parent to child)

Race (ethnic origin) diabetes

frequently occurs more in some

ethnic groups.

Bad eating habits

Lack of physical activity

Diabetes is a condition that makes it difficult forthe body to use the glucose (sugar) in the blood.The body normally produces a hormone calledinsulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas. Thepancreas is an organ found in the tummy areaquite close to the stomach. Insulin allows theglucose in our food to be taken

from the blood andused bythe body for energy.

Stem cell research allows researchers to grow specific

varieties of human cells in the lab and research how

they behave and interact under different conditions.

Stem cells open up a wide spectrum of diabetes

research possibilities. Researchers took cells from

human intestine cells and disabled a gene which

enabled the cells to produce insulin.

Stem cells for the treatment of diabetes are able to

come from a variety of sources- Embryos, the

placenta, umbilical cord, bone marrow, blood cells

and teeth.

POSSIBLE CAUSE OF DIABETES


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What are the Different types of Diabetes?

Type I Type II GestationalDiabetes

Theirpancreas

hasstoppedproducinginsulin.

The pancreasis not

producingenoughinsulin tomeet thebodys needs;or the insulinthat isproduced isnot workingvery well.

The extra demands ofpregnancy mean that the

mother does not haveenough insulin to meether bodys needs.

It is vital for the babyshealth that the motherdoes not have high bloodsugar levels It is vital forthe babys health that themother does not havehigh blood sugar levels.

The exactcause ofthiscondition isstillunknown. Itusuallyoccurs inpeopleunder 35

years ofage, butthere areexceptionsto this.

Older peopleare morelikely todevelop type2 diabetes,but there areexceptions tothis.

It is only occurring inpregnancy.

TREATMENTPeople withthis type ofdiabetesneed to

injectinsulin

may includeany ofthe followingcombinations:

By controlling thequantity and type of theMothers food and drink.

If this is not enough totreat the condition, the

or use aninsulinpump.

diet andexercise;

diet,exerciseand tablets;

diet,exercise,tablets andinsulin;

diet,exerciseand insulin.

mother may be givenextra insulin as aninjection.

It is usually (but notalways) resolving within6 weeks of delivery.

Extreme thirst Drowsiness Frequent urination Irritability Extreme hunger Nausea Blurred vision Poor wound healing

What are the signsand symptoms ofdiabetes?


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Insulin Insulin is a hormone. It makes our body's cells absorb glucose

from the blood. The glucose is stored in the liver and muscle as

glycogen and stops the body

from using fat as a source of

energy.

Human insulin with different

durations of action (rapid-,

short-, intermediate-, and

long acting)

It may be subcutaneous injection or insulin infusion pump

Aspirate first the clear then the cloudy one.

Insulin shots work fastest when given in the abdomen.

Don't inject the insulin in exactly the same place each time, but

move around the same area. Each mealtime injection of insulinshould be given in the same general area for best results.

Insulin pump therapy

Changed every 1 to 3 days

Worn externally and injects insulin subcutaneous into the

abdomen

Infused in at low basal rate

Must monitor glucose level 4 times a day

Oral Antidiabetes Drugs It is for type 2 diabetes

It includes Sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, incretin

mimetics and

amylinomimetics.

Transplantation Pancreas transplant

Bariatric surgery Although it is notspecifically considered a

treatment for type 2

diabetes, people with

type 2 diabetes who

also have a body mass

index higher than 35

may benefit from this

type of surgery. People

who've undergone gastric bypass have seen significant

improvements in their blood sugar levels.

TREATMENT FOR DIABETES


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Diabetic patients undergoing

rehabilitation require careful

assessment, goal setting and good

teamwork that will often involve multiple

teams. For instance, some patients

require a simpler regime to enable afamily caregiver to administer regular

medications. In other cases,

improved control of blood glucose levels may assist with

wound healing or pain control (high glucose levels lower pain

thresholds).

To provide patients with feedback on the effects of

exercise therapy for diabetes, we use a multimeter

incorporating a timer for the exercises (ViM Sports Memory,

MicroStone Corporation), not a motion recorder attached tothe lumber region. The numerical values associated with the

exercises and activities during hospitalization are provided for

patients on a computer screen.

EXERCISEBenefits:

Lower blood glucose

Better weight control

More strength, energy

and flexibility

Less need for insulin and other diabetes

medications

Lower cholesterol Reduced stress

Feeling better about yourself.

Before you start, get a checkup

Good forms of aerobic exercise may include:

Walking

Swimming

Biking

Dancing

Be as consistent as possible.

In general:

The best time to exercise is

about 1- 3 hours after a meal.

Its considered best to build up at least 30 minutes on

most preferably all days of the week.

Its not best not to exercise when your insulin is peaking.

BEFORE EXERCISEIf you arent used to exercising, start

slowly. Whatever your fitness level,

remember to:

Test your blood glucose level

before exercising. (Ask your

REHABILITATION FOR DIABETES

PROMOTION AND PREVENTION

Be physically active: participate in at least 30

minutes of exercise every day

Eat well: enjoy a variety of healthy food including

at least 2 fruit and 5 vegetables a day, choose lean

meats, reduced fat dairy products and eat

wholegrain breads and cereals

Maintain a healthy weight

Limit alcohol intake

Quit smoking


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health care provider what levels are safe for you.

Do 5-10 minutes of warm-up activity, such as

walking at your regular pace, followed by gentle

stretching.

BEFORE EXERCISEIts important to gradually

increase the pace and

intensity of your exercise. Ask

your health care provider

about what signs mean you

should slow down. Its also

important to:

Carry diabetes identification

Be prepared for low blood glucose. (Carry glucose

tablets, juice or another fast-acting source of

carbohydrate.

AFTER EXERCISETake 5-10 minutes to cool down (walk slowly, then do gentle

stretches). Then check your blood glucose level so you can

learn how your body responds to exercise. Keep a logbook

with notes about each days:

Type and length of exercise

Pre- and post-exercise glucose levels.

WHAT TYPE OF DIETSHOULD YOU EAT?

Healthy diets are: low in refinedsugar;

low in saturatedfat;

high in fiber,vitaminsand minerals.

PRINCIPLES OF DIET MANAGEMENT

11.Have regular meal times andavoid skipping

meals.2. Have small and frequentmeals.3. Practice varied and balanceddiet.4. Distribute evenly the intakeof complex

carbohydrate between meals.

5. Ration the intake of fruit and milk.Milk : 1-2 serving per dayFruit: 1-2 serving per dayHave your fruits and milk after each main meal.

6. Increase your dietary fibre intake.7. Eat less fat or oil.8. Have regular exercise.9. Avoid alcohol intake.

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

Drink plenty of water before, during and after exercise. Make sure footwear fits properly. Check your feet after

exercising for redness, cuts, or sores. Avoid exercising when the weather is too hot, humid or cold. Learn what to eat or do if your blood glucose becomes too low

or high. Know how to adjust your diet and insulin on days when you are

more or less active than usual.


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BASIC DIET GUIDELINES SHOULD YOU WORRY ABOUTYOURCHOLESTEROL LEVEL?It is important to controlyourcholesterol level. Ahighcholesterol levelmay speed upthehardening of the arteriesand increase your risk ofaheart attack.A healthy low-fat dietwithplenty of high-fibre starchhelpsto control your cholesterol level.

HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU HAVEYOUR EYES TESTED?When you have diabetes youshould have your eyescheckedevery year by the doctor -including a fullexamination ofthe back of the eye.This is different to a vision test for glasses.

1. Avoid simple carbohydrates- Sugar

- Honey- Soft drink- Candy- Jam- Ice -cream- Sweetenedcondensed milk

2. Consume complex carbohydrates inmoderation

- Grain/cereals- Tuber- Bread- Biscuit- Pasta- Fruits

3. Eat freely the following items:- Spices- Water / Tea / Coffee (without sugar)

- Green leafy vegetables


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FOOT CARE

Note: Anything wrong with toe or foot can become a majorproblem for someone with diabetes. People with diabetes are

15 times more likely to have a foot or lower leg amputation

than someone without diabetes. Early treatment can reduce

the risk of serious infection or amputation.


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NICE TO KNOW FACTS

1. Diabetes is a silent epidemic and according to WHO there

are 246 million people in the world living with diabetes. This is

almost 6% of the world's adult population.

2. Diabetes in Asians is five times the rate of the white

population

3. Diabetes causes 6 deaths every minute and one in 20 deaths

in the world is due to the condition. Every year it is estimated

that 3.2 million people in the world die due to the diabetes or its

related causes.

4. Diabetes is an important 'silent killer disease' as there is

usually no early symptom of the disease. The commonest early

symptom is feeling thirsty

5. The major cause of increase in the incidence of diabetes is

a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise and diet can either reduce or

delay the incidence of diabetes by over 50%.

6. Diabetes is the number one cause of kidney failure in theworld. Besides this every year it is responsible for 5% or 5

million blindness in adults and one million limb amputations.

Diabetes is also an important cause of heart disease, stroke and

cataract.

7. The current cost of treating diabetes and its complications in

the world is estimated as US $ 215-375 billion. The disease is

growing fastest in developing countries where there are more

people in the lower and middle-income group.

dm brochure for ncm 106 (2)

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