(dme 411) - anucde · (dme 411) b.tech. degree examination, dec. ... coefficient of friction...
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(DME 411) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth Year First Semester)
Mechanical Engineering
Paper - I : INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer question No: 1 Compulsory (5×3=15)
Answer one question from each unit (4×15=60)
1) a) Travel Chart
b) Straight line method
c) Advertising & Sales promotion.
d) Product life cycle.
e) Mortgage, Hypothecation & Pledge.
Unit - I
2) a) Define and Explain the concept of productivity, how is it related to work study?
b) Write short notes in the following:
i) Techniques of work study.
ii) Work study and management.
OR
3) a) Discuss briefly “SIMO CHART” and give its applications.
b) Discuss in brief “THERBLIG”.
Unit - II
4) a) Distinguish between “time study” and “Motion study”.
b) State and explain in brief the steps involved in work measurement procedure.
OR
5) a) What are the factors effecting the plant location? Discuss.
b) Discuss how the site of a factory would influence the cost of the product being
manufactured.
Unit - III
6) a) Give the principles of scientific management.
b) Discuss briefly the different forms of business organization.
OR
7) a) distinguish between private limited & public limited companies.
b) What is the role of personnel manager
Unit - IV
8) a) What are the various steps in conducting marketing research?
b) Explain briefly various advantages and disadvantages of undertaking marketing
research.
OR
9) a) What do you mean by business finance/ Discuss various approached to finance
function.
b) Discuss diminishing balance method of calculating depreciation fund.
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(DME 412)
B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER-2013
Examination at the end of IVth Year First Semester)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper-II : Advanced Machine Design
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No.1 compulsory
Answer ONE question from each Unit
1) Write brief note on:
a) Classification of springs?
b) Comparison of Brakes and clutches?
c) Stresses in rimmed flywheel?
d) Parallel Reliability?
e) Human aspects of design?
UNIT I
2) A lift system is provided with cushion springs at the bottom of lift. The lift is free to fall.
Springs are set in parallel. Specify the required number of springs if the lift has free fall of
1.5m from rest. Weight of lift = 30kN Allowable deflection per spring = 370mm. Number of
active turns = 15. Spring mean coil diameter = 30 mm spring wire diameter = 30 mm
Modulus of rigidity for spring = 80 Gpa?
(or)
3) A helical spring is to support a load of 1000N. The spring is guided by a rod of 50mm
diameter. The spring undergoes a deflection of 40mm under the load. Determine the diameter
of the wire and the number of turns required, Use C-60 steel with a factor of safety 2?
UNIT II
4) A differential band brake acting on the 3/4th of the circumference of a drum of 450mm
diameter is to provide a braking torque of 250Nm. One end of the band is attached to a pin
100mm from the fulcrum of the lever and the other end to another pin 25mm from the
fulcrum on the other side of it where the operating force is also acting. If the operating force
is applied at 500mm from the fulcrum and the coefficient of friction is 0.2 find the two values
of the operating force corresponding to the two directions of rotation of the drum?
(or)
5) A centrifugal clutch has 4 shoes which slide radially in a spider keyed to the driving shaft and
make contact with internal cylindrical surface of a rim keyed to the driven shaft. When the
clutch is at rest, each shoe is pulled against a stop by a spring so as to leave a radial clearance
of 5 mm between the shoe and the rim. The pull exerted by the spring is then 500 N. The
mass centre of shoe is 160mm from the axis of the clutch. If the internal diameter of the rim
is 400mm, the mass of each shoe is 8kg, the stiffness of each spring is 50N/mm and the
coefficient of friction between the shoe and the rim is 0.3. Find the power transmitted by the
clutch at 500 rpm?
UNIT III
6) a) State how the size of the flywheel calculated?
b) Write down the design procedure for a flywheel?
Or
7) Determine the dimensions of an I-section connecting rod for a petrol engine from the
following data: Diameter of the piston = 110 mm; Mass of the reciprocation parts = 2 kg
length of the connecting rod from centre to centre = 325 mm; Stroke length = 150mm; R.P.M
= 1500 with possible over speed of 2500; Compression ratio = 4:1; Maximum explosion
pressure = 2.5N/mm2?
UNIT IV
8) a) Sketch and explain system design with an example.
b) Discuss practical problems that encounter in design.
(or)
9) a) Derive an expression to find out reliability of series system having 'n' compounds.
b) Find out the system reliability.
* * * *
(DME 413)
B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth Year First Semester)
Mechanical Engineering
Paper – III : FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Q. No. 1 Compulsory
Answer one question from each unit
1) Write brief note on:
a) Rayleigh Ritz method?
b) Shape functions of 1D Truss element
c) Potential energy approach?
d) Difference between isoperimetric and sub parametric elements?
e) Difference between Plane stress and plane strain problems?
f) Galarkin approach for 1-D heat transfer problems?
g) Axisymmetric formulation?
Unit - I
2) a) Describe the basic steps involved in the Finite Element Method of analysis?
b) Define the stiffness matrix for axial members using Raleigh Ritz method?
Or
3) a) With the help of a neat diagram, describe the various components of stresses and
Strains?
b) State and explain the principle of minimum potential energy by considering Suitable
example?
Unit - II
4) Consider the bar in fig. loaded as shown. Determine the nodal displacements, element
stresses, and support reactions. Solve this problem by hand calculation, adopting the
elimination method for handling boundary conditions?
Or
5) a) Derive the stiffness of axial bar and convert it into stiffness of a truss element?
b) The members (1) and (2) are circular in cross-section with diameters of 10cm and 20cm
respectively. Determine the displacement at the node where load is acting as shown in
fig.
Unit - III
6) For the triangular element shown in fig. obtain the strain-displacement relation matrix B and
determine the strain , .
Or
7) a) Describe iso-parametric mapping procedure with an example?
b) Derive the Jacobian matrix for a bilinear isoparametric element to solve static?
Unit - IV
8) a) Determine the temperature distribution in straight fin of circular cross section. Using
three 1-D linear elements and consider the tip is insulated. Diameter of fin is 1cm
length is 6cm, h=0.6w/cm2 oc, and the base temperature is ?
b) Heat is generated in a large plate (k=0.8w/moC) at the rate of 4000w/m3. The plate is
25cm thick. The outside surface of plate are exposed to ambient air at 30oc with a
convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 w/m2 oC. Determine temperature distribution
in wall?
Or
9) An axis-symmetric ring element is shown in fig. Derive the matrices [B] and [D]. Take
E=2×105N/mm2 and µ = 0.33.
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(DME 414)
B.Tech. Degree Examination, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth Year First Semester)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper - IV : Computer Aided Manufacturing & Automation
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No. 1 is compulsory. [15]
Answer ONE question from each unit [4 × 15 = 60]
1) Write a short notes on the following:
a) Drawbacks of Automation.
b) Fixed zero and Floating zero.
c) Differences between NC, CNC and DNC.
d) Canned cycles?
e) Different functions performed by MCU?
f) Benefits of FMS
g) Automated productions lines.
UNIT I
2) a) Explain the different types of automation.
b) What are transfer lines? Explain.
UNIT II
3) a) What is ECM? Explain its use.
b) Explain the working principle of a Laser Beam machining.
UNIT III
4) a) Explain the function of CLU of machine control unit.
b) Explain and differentiate and NC and a CNC machine.
OR
5) a) What is Adaptive control of Machines? Explain.
b) What is machining center? Explain its feature.
UNIT III
6) a) Discuss the steps involved in the preparation of computer assisted part
programming.
b) What is cutter radius compensation? Explain.
OR
7) a) Explain the different geometric statements used to define a circle in
APT.
b) Explain the different preparatory codes used in manual part
programming.
UNIT IV
8) a) Define the FMS and discuss the features of a typical FMS with a schematic
diagram.
b) Explain the step-wise implementation of CIM in a discrete part of
manufacturing system.
OR
9) a) What are the computer programming languages used for CAPP?
b) What is MICLASS? Explain.
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(DME 415)
B.Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth Year, First Semester)
Mechanical Engineering
Paper – V: MECHATRONICS
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 75
Answer Question No.1 compulsory
Answer One question from each Unit
1) Write a short note on the following:
a) What is DAC?
b) How does a stepper motor work?
c) Define a Transfer function.
d) Explain continuous and discrete processes.
e) What are the uses of counters?
f) What is meant by linearization?
g) What is Rung in a ladder programme?
UNIT - I
2) a) Explain the role of mechatronics in automated manufacturing industry.
b) What are the various applications of mechatronics? Explain.
OR
3) a) Explain the need for using the signal conditioning.
b) Explain data acquisition system.
UNIT - II
4) a) Explain how a linear motion is used to produce rotary movement.
b) Explain the advantages of pneumatic actuators over hydraulic actuators?
OR
5) a) What are the different signal conditioning methods? Discuss them briefly.
b) Explain the various analogies of mechanical system with respect to
electrical systems.
UNIT - III
6) a) Explain Proportional plus integral control
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of negative feedback?
7) a) Explain the functions that are required for an interface
b) Explain the use of Karnaugh maps.
UNIT - IV
8) Draw a block diagram of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) showing in
very general terms the main units of it.
OR
9) a) What is an electrical relay? Explain the principle of operation of a relay
with a neat diagram.
b) Discuss the use of PC based simulations in robots.
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(DME 416/3)
B. Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of Fourth Year First Semester)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper – VI : Optimization Techniques
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No. 1 Compulsory 5 × 3 = 15
Answer ONE question from each unit 4 × 15 = 60
1) Write a brief note on
a) Interpolation methods.
b) Geometric programming
c) Stochastic programming
d) Optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints
e) Define a saddle point and indicate its significance.
UNIT - I
2) a) State the liner programming problem in standard form and explain.
b) List the engineering application of optimization.
OR
3) a) Explain the classification of optimization problem.
b) What is optimization? Explain an optimization problem with an example
and the techniques to solve it.
UNIT -II
4) Explain Random search method with an example.
OR
5) a) Explain with example gradient search method.
b) Use simplex method to solve the following Maximize
Z = 6 + 3 + 4x3 + 2 + subjected to
2 + 3 + 3 + = 10
+ 2 + + = 8
, , , , = 0
UNIT - III
6) a) Draw and explain the flow chart of conjugate gradient method.
b) With an example explain stochastic programming.
OR
7) a) What is Lagrange multiplier method?
b) How is the degree of difficulty defined for a constrained geometric
programming problem?
UNIT – IV
8) A beam of uniform rectangular cross section is to be cut from a log having a
circular cross section of diameter 2a. The beam is to be used as a cantilever
beam to carry a concentrated load at the free end. Find the cross-sectional
dimension of the beam which will have the maximum bending stress carrying
capacity using an exterior penalty function approach with analytical
unconstrained minimization.
OR
9) a) Explain with an example the design of a simple axial.
b) Discuss optimum design of simple linkage mechanism.
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(DME 416/4)
B. Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of Fourth Year First Semester)
Mechanical Engineering
Paper – VI : REFRIGERATION & AIR - CONDITIONING
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No. 1 is Compulsory (15)
Answer one question from each unit (4 × 15 = 60)
1) Write brief note on:
a) What is COP of a refrigeration system?
b) What are the sources of heat in an air craft cabin?
c) Draw a line diagram of a simple vapour compression system and plot it on
T-s and p-h diagrams.
d) What is the function of gas in Electrolux refrigerator.
e) What is the function of ejector or booster in a steam jet refrigeration
system?
f) Define adiabatic saturation temperature.
g) What do you understand by Psychrometry.
UNIT - I
2) a) Discuss the applications of refrigeration.
b) Explain any three methods of refrigeration with suitable sketches.
OR
3) a) What are the advantages of dense air refrigeration system over
an open air refrigerating system?
b) A dense air refrigeration machine operates on reversed Brayton cycle and is
required for 10 tons of refrigeration capacity. The cooler pressure is 4.2 bar
and refrigerator pressure is 1.4 bar. The air is cooled in the cooler to a
temperature of 500.C and the temperature of air at inlet to the compressor is
-200.C. For an ideal cycle, determine the following.
i) COP of the system. ii) Mass of air circulated per minute
iii) Theoretical piston displacement of the compressor
iv) Net power per ton of refrigeration.
UNIT -II
4) a) What is sub cooling and super heating? Explain with the help of a diagram.
Why is superheating considered to be good in certain cases?
b) A refrigerating unit is working between 400C and -100C. The load on the
unit is 5tons.
Find: i) COP of the system, ii) Power required to run system.
Assume that the refrigerant is dry and saturated vapour leaving the
evaporator and compression is isentropic. The refrigerant used is NH3. If the
temperature of the refrigerant required in the evaporator is – 200C, then,
find the change in COP of the system and the power required.
OR
5) a) What are the different types of compressors? Mention the fields for the use
of each refrigeration systems giving reasons?
b) A two cylinder reciprocating compressor with 5% clearance is used in a
refrigeration cycle to take load of 7.5 tons at 50C evaporating temperature
and 400C condensing temperature. The compression index is 1.15. The
speed of the piston is limited to 3 m/s.
Take the ratio of stroke to bore as 0.8 If the refrigerant used is Freon – 12,
determine
i) Power consumption of the compressor and C.O.P. of the cycle
ii) Volumetric efficiency of the compressor and
iii) Bore and stroke and rpm of the compressor. Consider ideal cycle.
UNIT - III
6) a) Draw a neat diagram of lithium bromide water absorption system and
explain its working. List the major field application of this system.
b) In a vapour absorption refrigeration system, heating, cooling and refrigeration
takes place at the temperatures of 1000C, 200C and -50C respectively.
Find the maximum C.O.P. of the system.
OR
7) a) Under what circumstances, the steam jet refrigeration system more
preferable over other systems?
b) With suitable sketches explain the functions of the components of steam jet
refrigeration plant.
UNIT – IV
8) a) Define relative humidity, specific humidity, and dew-point temperature
and describe a theoretical method for determining their values.
b) Calculate, i) Relative humidity, ii) Humidity ratio,
iii) dew point temperature, iv) Density and
v) Enthalpy of atmospheric air when the DBT is 350C, WBT is
230C and the barometer reads 750mm of Hg.
OR
9) a) Write short notes on grills and registers.
b) Explain solar assisted heat pumps by drawing the circuit diagram.
�����
(DME 421)
B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth year Second Semester)
Mechanical Engineering
Paper – I : MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No.1 compulsory [15]
Answer One question from each Unit [4 x 15 = 60]
1) Write brief notes on
a) Explain primary, secondary and tertiary measurements with sketches.
b) What do you mean by error in measurements? Discuss the sources of error.
c) What is the purpose of a proving ring? Draw a neat sketch of the ring.
d) Draw a neat sketch of hydraulic load cell.
e) Explain the working principle of Piezo-electric transducers. Also mention
their advantages?
f) What is the purpose of a dynamometer?
g) Explain the principle of LVDT.
UNIT – I
2) Write short notes on any two of the following
a) Explain clearly the following terms: Speed of response, time lag, fidelity
and dynamic error, dead time and dead zone.
b) Explain in detail static and dynamic characteristics of instrument.
OR
3) a) Explain in detail with mathematical relations for different types of errors
which occur during measurements.
b) What is the order of instrument and discuss the response of the second
order system for undamped condition.
UNIT – II
4) a) Explain with neat sketch, the working principle of LVDT ? Draw the
response curve and list the advantages and disadvantages of LVDT ?
b) Classify the different types of sensors/transducers giving their operation
conversion and purposes.
OR
5) a) What is strain gauge ? List out different types of strain gauge material?
Explain with sketches strain gauge rosettes.
b) Explain with neat sketches the working principle of pneumatic and
hydraulic load cell.
UNIT – III
6) a) Explain clearly with the help of neat sketches the laws of thermocouples.
Mention the commonly used industrial names of thermocouples mentioning
the materials and temperature range.
b) Draw a neat sketch of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge. What types of errors
are encountered while making measurements and how are they rectified.
OR
7) a) Explain the procedure of measurement of temperature using non electrical
methods.
b) Draw and explain high pressure and low pressure measurement techniques.
UNIT – IV
8) a) What are the different methods of torque measurement ? Explain with a
neat sketch, torque measurement with a cradling system ?
b) Explain in detail the working principle of seismic accelerometer ?
OR
9) a) With a neat sketches explain working principle of rope brake dynamometer
and explain in detail different types of cooling arrangements for the
dynamometers ?
b) Discuss in detail about hydraulic control system ?
����
(DME 422)
B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. 2013
(Examination at the end of Fourth Year Second Semester)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper – II : Computer Aided Design
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No.1 compulsory [15]
Answer One question from each Unit [4 x 15 = 60]
1) Write a short note on the following:
a) CAD work station
b) Random lay
c) Mid point circle algorithm
d) Curve fitting technique
e) Blending functions.
f) Ruled surfaces.
g) Sweep representations.
UNIT – I
2) a) What is a work station? Explain.
b) Explain the benefits of CAD.
(OR)
3) a) Distinguish between CRT monitors and direct view storage tube (DVST)
devices.
b) Explain the design issues in color CRT monitors.
UNIT – II
4) a) What is meant by composite transformations?
b) Discuss about the super sampling approach followed for anti-aliasing.
(OR)
5) a) Characterize the transformation with suitable matrix formulation, for the
following operations: x ? = x + ay, y ? = bx + y .
b) Explain the various curve fitting techniques.
UNIT – III
6) a) Explain the plane curves and space curves.
b) How do you classify the various wireframe modeling systems?
(OR)
7) a) Describe various commonly used primitives for solid modeling.
b) Explain the types of polygon rendering methods.
UNIT – IV
8) a) Explain the Transformation of Geometry?
b) Explain clipping operations.
(OR)
9) a) Explain the different types of Hidden Surface removal methods.
b) Discuss about visible surface detection methods.
����
(DCS 423)
B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. - 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth
Year Second Semester)
Mechanical Engineering
Paper – III : ENERGY RESOURCES UTILIZATION
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No.1 compulsorily. (15)
Answer ONE Question from each unit (4×15=60)
1) a) What are the classifications of Hydroelectric power plant?
b) What are the advantages of gas turbine plant?
c) What are the factors affecting economics of generation?
d) What are the different Ash handling system?
e) What is balanced draught?
f) Define collector efficiency?
g) What is solar cell?
UNIT-I
2) a) Explain with a simple sketch working of a pumped storage plant with its
advantages and disadvantages.
b) Explain with a simple sketch, essential elements of a hydro electric power
plant?
OR
3) a) What are the different fuels used for gas turbine power plant, what are the
most suitable fuels for gas turbine power plant in country like India.
b) Explain the construction of flow duration curve and discuss its importance
in comparing the power potentiality of different storages used for power
generations.
UNIT-II
4) a) What is the necessity of coal storage? Discuss the different methods
used for coal storage at plant.
b) Explain the construction and working of ESP .
OR
5) a) Explain with the help of neat sketch of LA Mont Boiler.
b) Briefly explain the factors affecting performance of condenser?
UNIT-III
6) a) Explain with neat sketches working of BWR
b) What do you understand by the term Ozone layer depletion and what are
the methods to prevent Ozone layer depletion.
OR
7) a) What is a moderator in nuclear reactor, explain the desirable
properties of a good moderator.
b) What are breeder reactors, explain its working with stages of reactions in
the reactor.
UNIT-IV
8) a) Explain with neat sketches working of wind mill?
b) Explain the working of Solar energy storage systems?
OR
9) a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy
over other energy forms.
b) Explain the working of a closed cycle OTEC system with its advantages
over Open cycle system.
�����
(DME424/3)
B. Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. – 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth
Year Second Semester)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper - IV : Robotics
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No. 1is compulsory (15)
Answer ONE question from each Unit (4 × 15 = 60)
1) Write a short note on the following:
a) Specifications of a robot.
b) Flexible automation.
c) Tools used as end effectors.
d) Potentiometers
e) Opto interrupters.
f) Touch sensors.
g) Trajectory
UNIT - I
2) a) Write in detail about the robot technology and classify the Industrial
robots.
b) Write about Robot configuration.
OR
3) a) Define Robot? Explain the relationship between automation and Robotics.
b) Explain programmable automation and compare it with flexible
automation.
UNIT- II
4) a) Explain vacuum grippers and Magnetic grippers.
b) What are the different types of joints used in robots? Give the degrees of
freedom associated with each joint.
OR
5) With reference to robot gripper, explain with suitable examples, the electric,
pneumatic and hydraulic drivesystems.
UNIT - III
6) a) Explain the different types of tactile sensors?
b) Explain the different types of non contact sensors used in robots.
OR
7) a) Explain various types of position sensing devices used in robots.
b) What do you mean by robot vision? Explain briefly.
UNIT - IV
8) a) Explain D-H notation joint coordinates and solve the Matrix relation
between rotation and translation.
b) For the PUMA 600 robotic arm the joint parameter table is given below:
Find 0T6.
Link a α θ d
1 0 -90 θ1 0
2 A2 +180 θ2 d2
3 a3 +90 θ3 0
4 0 +90 θ4 d3
5 0 -90 θ5 0
6 0 -180 θ6 d6
OR
9) Find the manipulator Jacobian matrix J (q) of the two – axis planer articulated
robot shown in the figure below:
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(DME 424/4)
B. Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DEC. – 2013
(Examination at the end of IVth
Year Second Semester)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Paper - IV : Computational Fluid Dynamics
Time : 03 Hours Maximum Marks : 75
Answer Question No. 1 compulsory (15)
Answer ONE question from each unit (4×15=60)
1) Write brief notes on:
a) What are the important applications of CFD in engineering?
b) List out advantages of panel method.
c) Elaborate the basic aspects of finite difference equations.
d) Write down the significance of Taylor series expansion.
e) Define discretization and round off error.
f) What is the necessity for strong and weak formulations of boundary value
problem?
g) What are the methods available for grid generation?
UNIT - I
2) Write short notes on any two of the following
a) Derive the energy equation for a viscous flow in partial differential non-
conservation form.
b) Derive the continuity equation for inviscid flow in partial differential non-
conservation form.
OR
3) a) Explain in brief the momentum equation. And discuss the model of an
infinitesimally small fluid element moving with the flow.
b) Discuss the impact on physical and computational fluid dynamics for
hyperbolic equation.
UNIT - II
4) a) State and explain the difference between explicit and implicit methods with
suitable examples.
b) How do you determine the accuracy of the discretization process? What are
the uses and difficulties of approximating the derivatives with higher order
finite difference schemes? How do you overcome these difficulties?
OR
5) a) Explain mathematical formulation of finite differences and Discuss the
concept of one-sided difference in detail.
b) Draw and explain the formulation of explicit finite difference module and
explain discretization error and round off error and discuss its significance in
numerical solutions.
UNIT - III
6) a) Define and explain boundary fitted coordinate system. How do you
transform governing equation on Cartesian coordinate to boundary fitted
coordinate system?
b) Briefly write about shock fitting and shock capturing techniques using neat
and appropriate sketches. Explain how shock capturing technique is used for
conserved form of equations.
OR
7) a) Explain the strong and weak formulations of a boundary value problem.
b) Explain the description of Prandtl boundary layer equation and its solution
methodology
UNIT - IV
8) a) What are the different types of panels used in the analysis of flow using
panel method.
b) Explain in detail about source panel method.