dna - amazon s3 · the two sides of dna are held together by _____ bonds. 9. dna is composed of...
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DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"
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DNA stands for...
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
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DNA FACTS
• established by James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin
• Shape of a double
helix
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• codes for your genes (traits) • made of repeating subunits called
nucleotides
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What is a nucleotide?
Has three parts: PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE (A,T,G,C)
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Base-Pair Rule
Adenine <==> Thymine
Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by hydrogen bonds
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Base Pair Rule
One side: A T A T C A T G C G G G
Other side:
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How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T = purple hair T A C T A C = yellow hair
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Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations
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Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1. DNA stands for: De _____ ribo ______ acid
2. What is the shape of DNA? _______________
3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________
4. Adenine always pairs with _______________
5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____
6. Guanine always pairs with _____________
7. What is the complimentary sequence: A A T G C A
8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________
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DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved
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RNA - the messenger *single strand
*ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead
*follows base pair rule
DNA: A T A G C G
RNA:
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RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made
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DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)
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Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA
Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA