Elachistinae Hypertrophinae

MATERIAL & METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

- 148 spp. in Australia (over 700 spp. worldwide)- Recently revised by Kaila (2011) based on adult morphology and larval ecology- Larvae invariably leaf- or stem- miners mostly in monocotyledons

- Endemic Australian group with 49 described spp.- Very poorly known subfamily with numerous undescribed species- Larvae mostly feeding on Eucalyptus and related plants

E. discina (6)

E. stictifica (2)

E. catagma (3)E. ophelma (3)

E. sarota (2)E. ruscella (2)

Elachista sp. (2)

E. bidens (1)

E. velutina (6)

E. floccella (4)

E. magidina (4)

E. charcharota (2)

E. crenatella (2)

E. illota (5)

E. eriodes (3)

E. averta (2)

E. patania (3)E. filiphila (1)

E. merista (1)E. crocospila (3)

E. glomerella (2)

E. flammula (4)

E. sapphirella (2)

E. sphaerella (3)

E. aluta (2)

Elachista sp. (2)

E. menura (4)

E. catarata (4)

E. pharetra (2)

E. velox (6)

Elachista sp. (3)

E. cycotis (4)

E. melina (1)

E. elaphria (2)

E. cerina (3)

E. diligens (5)

Elachista sp. (2)

E. levipes (4)

E. dieropa (4)

E. ravella (2)

E. zophosema (1)E. propera (1)

E. citrina (1)

E. fucosa (1)

E. synethes (6)

E. delira (3)

E. strenua (6)

E. seductilis (3)

Elachista sp. (1)E. aurita (2)

E. habrella (3)E. scitula (1)

E. micalis (1)E. platina (2)

E. coalita (4)

E. evexa (2)

P. antauges (2)Perittiadaleris(2)

E. ignicolor (2)E. nielsencommelinae (2)

E. common-commelinae (2)

E. cyanea (3)E. polliae (2)

E. ophthalma (3)E. laterina (1)

E. ensifera (1)E. mutarata (3)

E. asperae (3)

E. ictera (1)

E. patersoniae (4)

E. corticula (2)

E. toryna (3)

E. ligula (2)E. protensa (1)

E. mundula (4)Elachista sp.(1)

E. aposematica (1)E. crumilla (3)

E. euthema (1)E. campsella (2)

E. epartica (1)E. chloropepla (1)

E. chilotera (1)

E. gerasmia (4)

E. gerasmia (1) E. physalodes (3)

E. peridiola (4)

E. phascola (3)

E. spinodora (1)

E. opima (3)

E. cynopa (4)

E. gladiograpta (3)

E. etorella (2)

E. gladiatrix (2)

E. paragauda (1)E. spongicola (1)

E. spongicola (1)

E. spongicola (1)E. etorella (3)

E. paragauda (1)E. toralis (3)E. cyfistica (1)E. spathacea (1)E. faberella (2)E. paryphoea (3)

E. paragauda (1)E. etorella (2)

E. paragauda (1)E. spathacea (1)

E. melanthes (1)E. nodosae (3)

E. lachnella (2)E. melanthes (1)

E. nodosae (2)E. melanthes (1)

E. nodosae (2)Elachista sp. (1)E. nodosae (2)

Elachista sp. (1)

E. flavicilia (2) E. effusi (2)E. flavicilia (2) E. tetraquetri (1)E. deusta (3)

E. effusi (2)

E. platysma (3)

E. cerebrosella (1)

E. cerebrosella (2)

0.01

Eupselia sp.(2)

T. trabeata(5)

T. trabeata(5)

A. inscipta (5)

T. stadiaula (1)

Thudacacalliphrontis

(9)

T. monolinea(5)

A. sulfurata (2)

Callizygadispar (5)

T. campylota(3)

Peritrophaoligodrachma

(20)

H. tortriciformis (4)

E. callidyas (4)

Eupseliacarpocapsella

(13)

E. metabola (6)

E. aristonica (2)

E. beatella(8)

E. iridizona (4)

E. satrapella(9)

E. beltera (3)

E. beltera(9)

E. philomorpha(2)

E. satrapella (4)

E. beltera (4)

E. anommata (3)

Eupseliaholoxantha

(16)

E. holoxantha (6)

E. iridizona(5)

Eomystis rhodopis (1)

Hypertrophachlaenota

(12)

H. axiepaena(3)

Acraephnes sp.(4)

Acraephnes sp.(1)

Acraephnes sp.(10)

Acraephnes sp.(1)

Acraephnes sp.(2)Acraephnes sp.(1)

Thudacamimodora/obliquella

(12)

Thudacacrypsidesma/

haplonota(11)

Peritropha sp. (2)Peritropha sp. (3)

Hypertropha sp. (3)

Eupselia sp.(4)Eupselia sp. (1)

Eupselia sp. (2)Eupselia sp.(2)

Allotropha sp.Ian Common´s H

(9)

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 32 (4)

Eupselia sp. (3)

E. iridizona (1)

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 53

(6)

Eupselia sp. (1)

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 59

(6)

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 59

(10)

Eupselia sp. (1)

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 61 (5)

Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 61(2)

Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 24 (4)Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 24 (2)

Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 24 (1)

Eupselia sp. (4)

Eupseliasp.

(15)

Hypertropha sp.Ian Common´s 5

(13)

Hypertropha sp. (1)

Eupselia sp.(2)

Eupselia sp.(4)Eupselia sp.(2)Eupselia sp.(1)

Eupseliamelanostrepta/

theorella (6)

0.01

In poorly known hypertrophines:- Current checklist underestimates species count- Estimated number of species is lower based on wing patterns (N = 50) than on BINs (N = 74)- Six species include possible cryptic species (see Fig. 2)

BEWAREUNDESCRIBED SPECIES

FOR NEXT N YEARS

All lepidopteran pictures: BIO Photography Group or Marko Mutanen

Elachista cynopa

E. spongicola

E. etorella

E. paragauda

E. spathacea

E. coalita

E. delira

E. cerebrosella

E. diligens

E. catarata

E. flammula

E. illota

E. magidina

E. bidens

E. flavicilia

E. melanthes

E. nodosae

E. platysma

Thudaca trabeata

Acraephnes inscripta

Thudaca calliphrontis

Acraephnessulfurata

T. crypsidesma/ haplonota

Peritropha oligodrachma

Hypertropha tortriciformis

Eupselia sp.

Eupselia carpocapsella

Allotropha sp.Ian Common´s H

Eupselia satrapella

Eupselia beltera

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 32

Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 53

Eupselia holoxantha

Hypertropha chlaenota

Eupselia melanostrepta/theorella

Photo

: Ja

akk

o K

ullb

erg

Fig. 1. A neighbour-joining profileof Elachistinae.The number of specimens in each clusteris shown in parentheses. The cases of shared orlittle differing barcodes are in boldface.

Fig. 2. A neighbour-joining profile of Hypertrophinae. The number of specimens in each cluster is shown in parentheses.

Species including possible cryptic species are in boldface.

Callizyga dispar

DNA Barcoding & Species Delineationin Two Subfamilies of

Australian Lepidoptera1 1 2 3Mari KEKKONEN , Lauri KAILA , Marko MUTANEN & Paul HEBERT

1. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FINLAND2. Zoological Museum, University of Oulu, FINLAND

3. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, CANADA

Elachistinae Hypertrophinae

Spp. in Australian checklist

”Spp.” with barcodes

Taxonomical work (elachistines)/ Wing patterns (hypertrophines)

Barcode Index Numbers (BINs)

Spp. including possible cryptic species

148

AcknowledgementsWe thank ANIC, especially Marianne Horak, for access to many of the

specimens used in this study; both Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute andthe Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation for supporting sequence analysis and

data management; the Research Foundation of the University of Helsinki andFinnish Concordia Fund for funding (MK).

49

101

81

1

50

74

6

In well-studied elachistines:- Morphology-based approaches generated a higher species count (N = 101) than BINs (N = 81)- This is due to barcoding sharing or very limited divergence in four species complexes (see Fig. 1)- Only one species includes possible cryptic species (E. etorella)