Elachistinae Hypertrophinae
MATERIAL & METHODS
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
- 148 spp. in Australia (over 700 spp. worldwide)- Recently revised by Kaila (2011) based on adult morphology and larval ecology- Larvae invariably leaf- or stem- miners mostly in monocotyledons
- Endemic Australian group with 49 described spp.- Very poorly known subfamily with numerous undescribed species- Larvae mostly feeding on Eucalyptus and related plants
E. discina (6)
E. stictifica (2)
E. catagma (3)E. ophelma (3)
E. sarota (2)E. ruscella (2)
Elachista sp. (2)
E. bidens (1)
E. velutina (6)
E. floccella (4)
E. magidina (4)
E. charcharota (2)
E. crenatella (2)
E. illota (5)
E. eriodes (3)
E. averta (2)
E. patania (3)E. filiphila (1)
E. merista (1)E. crocospila (3)
E. glomerella (2)
E. flammula (4)
E. sapphirella (2)
E. sphaerella (3)
E. aluta (2)
Elachista sp. (2)
E. menura (4)
E. catarata (4)
E. pharetra (2)
E. velox (6)
Elachista sp. (3)
E. cycotis (4)
E. melina (1)
E. elaphria (2)
E. cerina (3)
E. diligens (5)
Elachista sp. (2)
E. levipes (4)
E. dieropa (4)
E. ravella (2)
E. zophosema (1)E. propera (1)
E. citrina (1)
E. fucosa (1)
E. synethes (6)
E. delira (3)
E. strenua (6)
E. seductilis (3)
Elachista sp. (1)E. aurita (2)
E. habrella (3)E. scitula (1)
E. micalis (1)E. platina (2)
E. coalita (4)
E. evexa (2)
P. antauges (2)Perittiadaleris(2)
E. ignicolor (2)E. nielsencommelinae (2)
E. common-commelinae (2)
E. cyanea (3)E. polliae (2)
E. ophthalma (3)E. laterina (1)
E. ensifera (1)E. mutarata (3)
E. asperae (3)
E. ictera (1)
E. patersoniae (4)
E. corticula (2)
E. toryna (3)
E. ligula (2)E. protensa (1)
E. mundula (4)Elachista sp.(1)
E. aposematica (1)E. crumilla (3)
E. euthema (1)E. campsella (2)
E. epartica (1)E. chloropepla (1)
E. chilotera (1)
E. gerasmia (4)
E. gerasmia (1) E. physalodes (3)
E. peridiola (4)
E. phascola (3)
E. spinodora (1)
E. opima (3)
E. cynopa (4)
E. gladiograpta (3)
E. etorella (2)
E. gladiatrix (2)
E. paragauda (1)E. spongicola (1)
E. spongicola (1)
E. spongicola (1)E. etorella (3)
E. paragauda (1)E. toralis (3)E. cyfistica (1)E. spathacea (1)E. faberella (2)E. paryphoea (3)
E. paragauda (1)E. etorella (2)
E. paragauda (1)E. spathacea (1)
E. melanthes (1)E. nodosae (3)
E. lachnella (2)E. melanthes (1)
E. nodosae (2)E. melanthes (1)
E. nodosae (2)Elachista sp. (1)E. nodosae (2)
Elachista sp. (1)
E. flavicilia (2) E. effusi (2)E. flavicilia (2) E. tetraquetri (1)E. deusta (3)
E. effusi (2)
E. platysma (3)
E. cerebrosella (1)
E. cerebrosella (2)
0.01
Eupselia sp.(2)
T. trabeata(5)
T. trabeata(5)
A. inscipta (5)
T. stadiaula (1)
Thudacacalliphrontis
(9)
T. monolinea(5)
A. sulfurata (2)
Callizygadispar (5)
T. campylota(3)
Peritrophaoligodrachma
(20)
H. tortriciformis (4)
E. callidyas (4)
Eupseliacarpocapsella
(13)
E. metabola (6)
E. aristonica (2)
E. beatella(8)
E. iridizona (4)
E. satrapella(9)
E. beltera (3)
E. beltera(9)
E. philomorpha(2)
E. satrapella (4)
E. beltera (4)
E. anommata (3)
Eupseliaholoxantha
(16)
E. holoxantha (6)
E. iridizona(5)
Eomystis rhodopis (1)
Hypertrophachlaenota
(12)
H. axiepaena(3)
Acraephnes sp.(4)
Acraephnes sp.(1)
Acraephnes sp.(10)
Acraephnes sp.(1)
Acraephnes sp.(2)Acraephnes sp.(1)
Thudacamimodora/obliquella
(12)
Thudacacrypsidesma/
haplonota(11)
Peritropha sp. (2)Peritropha sp. (3)
Hypertropha sp. (3)
Eupselia sp.(4)Eupselia sp. (1)
Eupselia sp. (2)Eupselia sp.(2)
Allotropha sp.Ian Common´s H
(9)
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 32 (4)
Eupselia sp. (3)
E. iridizona (1)
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 53
(6)
Eupselia sp. (1)
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 59
(6)
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 59
(10)
Eupselia sp. (1)
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 61 (5)
Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 61(2)
Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 24 (4)Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 24 (2)
Eupselia sp. Ian Common´s 24 (1)
Eupselia sp. (4)
Eupseliasp.
(15)
Hypertropha sp.Ian Common´s 5
(13)
Hypertropha sp. (1)
Eupselia sp.(2)
Eupselia sp.(4)Eupselia sp.(2)Eupselia sp.(1)
Eupseliamelanostrepta/
theorella (6)
0.01
In poorly known hypertrophines:- Current checklist underestimates species count- Estimated number of species is lower based on wing patterns (N = 50) than on BINs (N = 74)- Six species include possible cryptic species (see Fig. 2)
BEWAREUNDESCRIBED SPECIES
FOR NEXT N YEARS
All lepidopteran pictures: BIO Photography Group or Marko Mutanen
Elachista cynopa
E. spongicola
E. etorella
E. paragauda
E. spathacea
E. coalita
E. delira
E. cerebrosella
E. diligens
E. catarata
E. flammula
E. illota
E. magidina
E. bidens
E. flavicilia
E. melanthes
E. nodosae
E. platysma
Thudaca trabeata
Acraephnes inscripta
Thudaca calliphrontis
Acraephnessulfurata
T. crypsidesma/ haplonota
Peritropha oligodrachma
Hypertropha tortriciformis
Eupselia sp.
Eupselia carpocapsella
Allotropha sp.Ian Common´s H
Eupselia satrapella
Eupselia beltera
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 32
Eupselia sp.Ian Common´s 53
Eupselia holoxantha
Hypertropha chlaenota
Eupselia melanostrepta/theorella
Photo
: Ja
akk
o K
ullb
erg
Fig. 1. A neighbour-joining profileof Elachistinae.The number of specimens in each clusteris shown in parentheses. The cases of shared orlittle differing barcodes are in boldface.
Fig. 2. A neighbour-joining profile of Hypertrophinae. The number of specimens in each cluster is shown in parentheses.
Species including possible cryptic species are in boldface.
Callizyga dispar
DNA Barcoding & Species Delineationin Two Subfamilies of
Australian Lepidoptera1 1 2 3Mari KEKKONEN , Lauri KAILA , Marko MUTANEN & Paul HEBERT
1. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FINLAND2. Zoological Museum, University of Oulu, FINLAND
3. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, CANADA
Elachistinae Hypertrophinae
Spp. in Australian checklist
”Spp.” with barcodes
Taxonomical work (elachistines)/ Wing patterns (hypertrophines)
Barcode Index Numbers (BINs)
Spp. including possible cryptic species
148
AcknowledgementsWe thank ANIC, especially Marianne Horak, for access to many of the
specimens used in this study; both Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute andthe Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation for supporting sequence analysis and
data management; the Research Foundation of the University of Helsinki andFinnish Concordia Fund for funding (MK).
49
101
81
1
50
74
6
In well-studied elachistines:- Morphology-based approaches generated a higher species count (N = 101) than BINs (N = 81)- This is due to barcoding sharing or very limited divergence in four species complexes (see Fig. 1)- Only one species includes possible cryptic species (E. etorella)
