dna & gel electrophoresis
DESCRIPTION
DNA & Gel Electrophoresis. Lumberton High Sci Vis II V205.05. The Structure of DNA. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid Large molecule called a polymer Polymer means molecule with many units Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides. Nucleotides. Made of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Deoxyribonucleic acid Large molecule called a
polymer Polymer means molecule with many units
Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides
Made of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose
Deoxyribose contain a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases
4 nitrogen bases A for adenine G for guanine C for cytosine T for thymine
3 oxygen and 5 carbon atoms which make up the DNA “backbone”
The hydroxyl groups’ carbons link to phosphates to form this “backbone”
dAMP: Deoxyadenosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing adenine, a 2'-deoxyribose sugar and phosphate, part of DNA structure.
dCMP: Deoxycytosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing cytidine, a 2'-deoxy sugar, and phosphate, part of DNA structure.
DNA is composed of twisting strands of nucleotides
Each strand is a helix or spiral staircase
2 strands are bound together to create a double helix
Double helix
A & T always join together and form 2 hydrogen bonds
C & G always join together and form 3 hydrogen bonds
Think A & T and UNCG to remember these.
Method of identification that compares fragments of DNA
DNA is the genetic material found in the cell nucleus
DNA of each individual is unique, with identical twins being the only exception
A “fingerprint” is constructed by Obtaining a DNA sample from body tissue or
fluid Cutting this sample into pieces using enzymes Arranging these pieces using gel
electrophoresis
Refers to the forced movement of molecules by electricity
Separates macromolecules (large molecules) on the basis of size, electric charge, and other physical properties.
The gel is like Jell-o.Electrophoresis describes the
moving of the charged DNA Electro: energy of electricity Phoros: to carry across
Holes created in gel to hold DNA solution
DNA solutions loaded into holesGel is “excited” by electricity and
small molecules move through the gel
Photograph is taken to save the results of the fingerprint
2 matching fingerprints indicate they are probably from identical sources
Discovery of genetic causes of diseases
Mapping the human genome (2003)
Forensic sciencePaternity testing
Adenine and guanine - http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/nucleicacids.htm
Thymine and cytosine - http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/nucleicacids.htm
dAMP & dCMP - http://www.cancerwatch.org/glossary/glossary_7.cfm