do now try to label the diagram of the eye use your textbook and the terms on the right to help you...
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Do Now• Try to label the
diagram of the eye
• Use your textbook and the terms on the right to help you
• Optic nerve• Pupil• Lens• Retina• Vitreous• Iris• Cornea
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Vision
• The Visual System• Color Vision and Theories
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Vision Test!!!
• First stare continuously at the center of the upper square for about 20 seconds, then look at the dot in the lower square.
• Within a moment, a gray-and-white afterimage should appear inside the lower square
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The Visual SystemStructures and Functions
• Cornea – Clear protective coating that covers the front of the eye– Where light enters the eye
• Pupil– Opening in the center of the eye to let light pass through
Pupil
Cornea
Iris
• Iris – Colored part of the
eye– Contract in bright
light (protects eye)– Expand in dim light
(let in extra light)
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The Visual SystemStructures and Functions
• Lens – Transparent, inside pupil– Focuses light on retina– Changes shape to see near vs. far
• Retina – Inner surface in back of eyeball– Contains receptor cells– Very center is called the fovea
RetinaVitreous
Optic Nerve
Lens Pupil
Cornea
Iris
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Find Your Blind Spot
Place on the retina where
the optic nerve enters
the retina and where
there are no receptor
cells
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The Visual SystemReceptor Cells
• Location = retina• Sensitive to electromagnetic energy,
primarily light• Rods
– Respond to intensities of light/dark– Night vision - sensitive to light– About 120 million
• Cones– Responsible for seeing colors– Found in fovea – About 8 million
• Bipolar cells – Specialized neurons connected to
receptors
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Do Now
• Fill out Receptor Cell info on packet page #1
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The Visual SystemAdaptation
• Dark adaptation– Process by which rods and cones
become more sensitive to darkness– Not enough light to activate cones
• CANNOT SEE COLOR
• Light adaptation– Process by which sensitivity of rods and
cones decreases in bright light
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This is called afterimage
Sense experience that occurs after a visual stimulus has been
removed
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Pop Quiz!!!
What do you see with?
YOUR BRAIN
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Color VisionProperties of Color
• Hues– Aspects of color that correspond to general
color names like red, green, and blue• Saturation
– Vividness or richness of a hue– Forrest green, olive green, pale green, neon
green, etc.• Brightness
– Based on the nearness of a color to white as opposed to black
– Is the color more white or black?
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Color VisionTheories
• Primary colors for light mixtures: red, green, blue• Additive color mixing
– Mixing light of different wavelengths to create new hue• Subtractive color mixing
– Mixing pigments– Concerned with what colors are absorbed and reflected
• Trichromatic theory– Perception of all colors is based on three color receptors (red,
green, blue) in the retina• Opponent-process theory
– Color receptors come in pairs (yellow-blue, red-green, black-white)
• Trichromatic = normal vision• Color blindness…dichromat and monochromat
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Color VisionFun Facts!!!
• Color is in the eye of the beholder
• Humans and most primates are trichromats
• Rodents and owls (nocturnal animals) are monochromats
• Bees can see ultraviolet light