document resume - eric metal screws machine screws/ bolts common/finish nails with adhesives...
TRANSCRIPT
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 261 235 CE 042 462
TITLE Signal and Communications. Progress Record and TheoryOutline.
INSTITUTION Connecticut State Dept. of Education, Hartford. Div.of Vocational-Technical Schools.
PUB DATE 84NOTE 77p.PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052)
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.Academic Achievement; Behavioral Objectives; CheckLists; *Communications; Competency Based Education;Electrical Systems; Electric :Batteries; ElectricCircuits; *Electricity; Electronic Equipment;*Electronics; Guidelines; Job Skills; Magnets;Measurement Equipment; Measurement Techniques;Physics; *Power Technology; Recordkeeping; SecondaryEducation; Student Records; *Technical Education;*Telecommunications; Television; Transistors
ABSTRACTThis combination progress record and course outline
is designed for use blr individuals teaching a course in signals andcommunications. Included among the topics addressed in the course arethe following: matter, the nature of electricity, dry cells andbatteries, Ohm's law, power, magnetism, measurement instruments,Kirchoff's laws, electromagnetic induction and inductance,capacitance, electric circuits, resonance, transformers,semiconductors, rectifiers, power supplies, transistors, electronicsystems, integrated circuits, amplifiers, codes, alarms, cabletelevisions, safety, customer relations, and business practices. Inaddition to the theory outline, which includes space for recordinginformation concerning the scheduling and presentation of the lessonmaterial, this record book also contains a list of course objectivesand a grid listing each of the individual tasks dealt with in thecourse, which is des.l.gned for use in recording each student's masteryof each specific skill. (MN)
************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *
* from the original document. *
***********************************************************************
PROGRESS h.. CORD
AND
THEORY OUTLINE
SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS
DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
1983-1984
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION1UE CATiONAL RESOURCES 1NFORMA (ION
CENTER IERICI
Th/s do4ument NIS Nell refgOdtCod asrecent...I born the person or organdabonorgoahng itMoor changes Nye been made to improvetebtOductron qualte
Poems of view of ogeuons stated In this door
ment do not neteSSanty ref:Resent otrICgt MEpos4ron or poky
-PERMIrSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER iERICI
PREFACE
The objective of the Assignment Book is to reduce
unnecessary paper work on the part of the shop instructor.
This Assignment Book will assist the instructor to
keep student records up to date.
In shops doing production work it is necessary to
devise flexible daily lesson plans well in advance. This
Assignment Book will assist the instructor in planning and
organizing considerably in advance, thereby increasing his
instructional efficiency.
Please note that this book is designed for planning.
It has areas for locker assignments, text assignments_ notes,
etc. Students names are entered only once for the entire
course.
1
,.. SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The S.gnal and Communications course ofstudy is designed to provide studentswith advanced standing in the signaland communications program.
The course will help the studentdevelop a systematic analyticalapproach to solving trade problemsand acquire the appropriate basictheoretical concepts and manual skillsof the trade. The student will learn toapply proper trade safety practices.
To accomplish this the student will pro-ceed through experiences i't shop andtheory that will enable them to:
1. Properly select and use basichand and electric tools of thetrade.
2, Apply basic skills in Principles ofDirect Current Electricity.
3. Demonstrate the apprentices' abilityto wcrk with and install equipmentwith tools, ladders, fasteners andrelated construction equipment.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of and abilityto select and use proper test equip-ment.
5. Install materials,*wires, wiringmethods, and systems related to thesignal and communications trade.
6. Demonstrate basic knowledge of signal,communications and alarm systems.
7. Apply basic knowledge of alternatingcurrent electricity, the language,the laws, basic components, and basicmanual skills.
8. Demonstrate an ability to work withbasic solid state circuits and devices.
9. Apply the applicable codes and standardsin installing systems.
10. Work with proper business practice andwork ethics
- 2 -
.4
4
Identify screwdrivers
Use pliers
Use crimping tools
Use wrenches
Use socket sets
Use wood chisel
Use cold chisel
(A)
Use hand saw
Use hack saw
Use knife
Use awl
Use hammers
Use plumb bob
Use level
Use key hole saw
4
Use nut drivers
Cut with circularswCut with sabresaw
.L-
Cut with recipro-cating saw
I
Cut with band saw
Cut with nibbler
Drill wood
Drill steel
Drill masonry
Drill with hammerdrill
1
fUse drill - heavyduty
78
t's
M0H7iH0H00M
Fasten withelectric tool
Use solder iror.
_______
Use extensionrnrds
Use ground fault
Drill in wood/masonry
Toggle/molly bolts
Wood/sheet metalscrews
Machine screws/bolts
Common/finish nails
With adhesives
Expansion shield
caro t10ct 1-31-4 P*0 II0 0roQ. 00
4
Drill holes
Grind drills
Layout and center*punch
Counterbore
Ream
File (rough)
File (finish)
Chip and cut withchisel
Use poartable drill
__Apply cutting oil
Use hand adjustabledies
1i12
>U)H0
0=Hz
0Pd2q
Sharpen drill bits
Rough drill in avise
Hand tap & ream
Use micrometer
Dress a screwdriverSharpen handtools
Climb on stepladderRaise and climbextension ladderAss amble and climbscaffolding
Wear safety harness
'Raise, lowerequipment/ladder
13
0
Raise/lower equip/scaffolding
Rigging
Identify wiret DesIdentify insulationtypes
Strip wire hand
Strip wire(stripper)
Strip wire(Electric tool)Connect wire toscrewConnect pinconnectors
Identify connectors
Make T.V. cableconnect
15 16
cnItt-",H0MC/3
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Hzcrl
HH0Z
Make telephonewire connect
make Fiberopticconniact
Use tapeUse insulatedconnector
Use heat shrinkinsulation
Identify insulation
Identify metal wire
Run single wire
Run multiple cableconductor
Run messenger
Run FiberopticcableRun preassembledcable
Calculate sizes
Cut and ream
Install fittings/boxes
Install inside/outside typesHand bend 907offsetPower bend 907offsetConnect to flexibleconduit
Adapt to metalm.uldinInstall supportclamps
19
Calculate size
Install conduit
Hand bend 907offseIPower bend 907offset
Thread by hand
Thread/power
KO punches hand
KO punches power
Pull wire, hand
Pull wire, power
Connect flexible...
Install sealtightInstall hangers/racks
Install channel/angle ironInstall locknuts/bushings
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HX
0zHH
Install boxes/fittings
Install hazardousarpac
Install damp areas
Install thru firerarpd wallsInstall thru firerated floors
Calculate P.V.C.size
Cut P.V.C.
Ream P.V.C.
Fish wires inP.V.C.Apply P.V.C.ppmpnr
Use P.V.C. coupling
Use P.V.C.nnnnprfinrs
P.V.C. boxes
2 4
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rt HIa.0 0X0(D C)a0N..." ZuCHH
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Cut/ream
Install fittings/boxes
Mount and fasten
Bend offset
Ground
Install overheadbusInstall overheadwirewaysInstall underfloor busInstall bus dr6psand switches
Install prefabharnpcc
Install pole drops
26
Install prewiredpartitionsInstall computerwiring
Measure Multimeter
Measure T.M.
Measureoscillos-xTe
Measure audl)oscillafs,-Measure ctgitalreadmit i-struments
Meaor-P differen-tial %tmezar-A .:
Construct ammeter
Conr-:.ruct volt-Illel-
Te t tube tester
28
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Use Power supply o imo cn0HmUse stroboscope 1-' Di0 .0
Use frequency GCD Hfa* I'dmeter
Transducers (light)
Transducers(proximity)
Transducers(crystal)
Transducers(magnetic)
Transducers(heat/thermal)
Transducers(frequency)
Digital FrequencyControl
30
Install demarcationdevicesInstall prewireddevices
Install modularacks
Install specialty. .
Install ada.tersInstall outdooracks
NM Install hazardous- iis
Install cord-.... *-
Install withsecial tools
Install residential
Ire junctions
Install commercial
Install KTSs stem
Install cellularradio
InQtall networkint_ .ration
_
Install centrals stems
Perform testing
Install fiberoptic-11
Identify systemom*onents
Wire switches
Wire photoelectric
Wire sonar system
Wire capacitanceinductance
'Wire sound detector
0 00 34
Wire under carpetc>rx
b-cKmtri
En
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0ma...
Wire controlstation
Wire horns/alarms
Wire telephoneinterfaceWire supervisedsystem
Install residential
Install commercial
Install industrial
Install computerintrarfaop
_1
35 36
Identifcomponents
system
Install pull,ptations
Install heatdetectors
Install smokedetectors
Install gas
Install lightI
Install horns
Install flowswitchesInstall centralCation
Install radiocontrolledInstall master
u eX
InstAll municipalinterface
Install residential
Install commercial
Install industrial
38
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Install telephoneint xi ac_eInstall annunciatorsysteTu
Perform systemchecksPerform firealarm checks
Pefform burglaralarm checksTest telephonecircuits
Perform periodictests
LAB EXPERIMENTS
SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS
GRADES 10, 11, 12
-21 -
LAB EXPERIMENTS
BASIC ELECTRICITY
1. Electronic Components and their symbols
2. The Schematic Diagram
3. Familiarization with hand tools used in electronics
4. Soldering Techniques
5. VTVM Familiarization
6. Resistor Color Code
7. Dry Cells and Measurement of D-C Voltage
OHM'S LAW
1. The Series Circuit
2. Characteristics of a parallel circuit
3. Characteristics of Series Parallel Circuits
4. Kirchhoff's Laws (For one Generator)
5. Voltage Divider Circuits (unloaded)
6. Voltage Divider Circuits (loaded)
7. Characteristics of a D-C Meter Movement
8. Voltmeter Multipliers
9. Current-Meter Shunts
BASIC ELECTRICITY
1. The Series Ohmmeter
2. Use and Care of the VOM
3. Oscilloscope Operation
4. Oscilloscope Voltage Calibration
5. Characteristics of an Inductance
6. Inductances in Series and in Parallel
7. Capacitor Color Code and Testing Capacitors
8. Characteristics of a Capacitor
9. Total Capacitance of Capacitors in Series and in Parallel
10. Impedance of a Series RL Circuit
42- 22 -
LAB EXPERIMENTS(Continued)
11. Impedance of a Series RC Circuit
12. Characteristics of Series-Resonant Circuits
13. Characteristics of Parallel Resonant Circuits
14.Transformer Characteristics
BASIC ELECTRONICS
1. Semiconductor-Diode Characteristics
2. Zener-Diode Characteristics
3. Vacuum Tubes: Diode Characteristics
4. Half-wave and full -wave Rectification
5. Transformer Power Supply and Filter
6. Silicon and Selenium Half-wave-Rectifier Power Supplies7. The voltage doubler
8. The Bridge Rectifier
9. Transistor Familiarization
10. Transistor Characteristic Curves and Transistor Data11. Characteristics of a Cathode-Ray Tube
12. Tube, Transistor, and Solid-StateDiode testing13. The A "C Amplifier
14. Common-Base Amplifier
15. Cascaded Transistor Amplifiers
16. The Loudspeaker
17. Transistor Phase Inverter
18. Push-Pull Power Amplifier
19. Frequency Response of an audio Amplifier
20. Resistance and voltage analysis of a transistor audioAmplifier
21. Transistor Phase-shift Oscillator
22, Transistor Multivibrator
23. Transistor sawtooth generator
24. Transistor voltage-mode trigger
25. The silicon controlled rectifier
26. Integrated circuits: the linear amplifier
27. Integrated circuits; the audio frequency medium-poweramplifier
THEORY OUTLINE INDEX
I. ORIENTATION
II. MATTER
III. NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
IV. DRY CELLS AND BATTERIES
V. RESISTANCE
VI. OHM'S LAW
VII. POWER
VIII. MAGNETISM
IX. D-C MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
X. KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS AND APPLICATIONS
XI. T, H, AND I NETWORKS
XII. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND INDUCTANCE
XIII. CAPACITANCE
XIV. GENERATING ALTERNATING EMF
XV. RESISTANCE IN A-C CIRCUITS
XVI. USE OF A SIGNAL GENERATOR AS A SIGNAL SOURCE
XVII. COILS IN A-C CIRCUITS
XVIII. RESONANCE
XIX. TRANSFORMERS
XX. PERIODIC NONSINUSOIDAL VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
XXI. THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS
XXII. CODE AGENCIES AND CODES
XXIII. SEMICONDUCTOR PRINCIPLES
XXIV. SOLID-STATE-DIODE LOGIC CIRCUITS
XXV. RECTIFIERS
XXVI. POWER SUPPLIES
XXVII. SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS (SCR)
XXVIII. FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR (FET)
XXIX. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
XXX. AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM--TRAN. CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE
XXXI. TRANSISTORS
XXXII. TRANSISTOR DATE (MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS)
XXXIII. AMPLIFIERS
XXXIV. CODES
XXXV. ALARMS
XXXVI. CABLE TV
XXXVII. SAFETY
XXXVIII. CUSTOMER RELATIONS AND BUSINESS PRACTICES
THEORY OUTLINE
Z. ORIENTATION
A. Occupational Analysis
1. Development of the ElectronicsIndustry
2. Employment Opportunities3. Employment Requirements and Trade
Practices4. Safety
B. Shop Practices
1. Care and use of common hand tools
a. Safety
2. Care and use of power tools
a. Safety
3. Wire stripping, splicing, and solder-ing techniques
a. Safety
II. MATTER
A. What matter isB. MoleculesC. AtomsD. Elements and compoundsE. Structure of the atom
1. Electrons and proton - charge2. Nucleus3. Neutrons and other particles4. Orbits, shells, free electrons,
energy levels5. Atomic model
F. Ions
III. NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
A. Static electricityB. Law of &lectric charges; electric fieldsC. Current
1. Conventional current2, Movement of negative charges -
electron current3. Current in semiconductors - holes and
the movement of positive charges
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D. Electrical potential or emfE. Electrical units and their symbols
1. Coulomb2. Volt3. Ampere4. Ohm5. Watt
F. Opposition to direct current
1. Insulators2. Resistors3. Conductors4. EIA resistor color code
G. The electric circuit-control of current
1. Circuit diagram
a. The voltage sourceb. The loadc. The path of current
2. Mechanical equivalent - the hydraulicsystem
3. Measurement in the electric circuit,use of
a. The voltmeterb. The ammeterc. The ohmmeter
H. Scientific notation
1. Operations with exponents2. Expressing large and small numbers as
powers of 103. Significant figures4. Prefixes, their meaning and use in
electronics: tera giga, mega, kilo,deca, centi, micro, nano, oico
I. Computations with the calculator
1. Types of calculators2. Nature of the calculator presentations3. Reading the presentations4. Calculator accuracy5. Multiplication6. Division7. The inverse calculations8. Squares and square roots9. The trigonometric calculator
10. The log calculator11. The log-log calculator
- 26-46
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J. Sources of EMF
1. Chemical2. Mechanical3. Thermal4. Peizoelectric5. Photoelectric6. ktomic7. Solar3. Bionic
IV. DRY CELLS "OD BNTTETtIES
A. Dry cells
1. Construction2. Chemical action3. Cell types4. Rechargeable cells5. Shelf life for primary cells6. Combination of cells7. Applications
B. Dry batteries
1. Construction2. Types3. Uses in electronics
C. Secondary cells - lead-acid cell
1. Construction2. Action3. Charge and discharge
D. Storage batteries
1. Construction2. Electrolyte aod electrodes3. Storage Capacity and ratings4. Recharging and care of batteries
a. Commerical chargersb. Charge and discharge rate
V. RESISTALICE
A. Mature of resistanceB. Factors affecting resistance of metallic
conductors of uniform cross-sectional area
1. Resistivity2. Length3. Area4. Temperature and temperature coefficient
- 27 - 47
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C. Mil and the circular milD. Wire gauge and wire tablesE. Linear resistors
1. Fixed
a. Carbonb. Wire-wound
2. Variable
a. Potentiometerb. Adjustable (wire-wound)c. Rheostat
F. nonlinear
1. Thyrite2. Thermistor3. Voltage-dependent resistor (VDR)--
Varistor
G. ConductanceH. Use of resistors in electronics
VI. OHM'S LAW
A. Quantitative and descriptive statementsof OHM's Law
B. ApplicationsC. D-C Circuits--analysis and computation
of E, I, and R
1. Series circuits2. Parallel circuits3. Series- parallel circuits4. The black box concept5. Circuit analysers by assuming a
current or voltage
D. Voltage divider circuit
1. Unloaded2. Loaded
VII. POWER
A. Work and energyB. PowerC. Maximum power transferD. Efficiency
- 28 - 48
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VIII. MAGNETISM
A. Types and shapes of magnets
1. Natural and artificial2. Permanent and temporary3. Electromagnets
B. Molecular theory of magnetismC. Law of magnetic attraction and repulsion
1. Lines of force--flux2. Field intensity--flux density3. Poles of a magnet
D. Magnetic fieldsE. Magnetic properties of materials
1. Permeability and relative permeability2. Reluctance3. Retentivity
F. Electromagnetism
1. Relation of magnetic field around aconductor carrying current
a. To direction of current flowb. Amount of current flow
2. Magnetic field around a coil3. Magnetomotive force4. Magnetic units, systems, and symbols
a. Mks and cgs systemsb. Ampere-turn and the Gilbertc. Maxwell and the Weberd. Gausse. Oersted
5. The magnetic circuit6. Ohm's law for the magnetic circuit7. Magnetization (B -II} curves8. Hysteresis9. Eddy currents
10. Magnetic shielding
IX. D-C MEASURIAG IASTRUMENTS
A. Construction of a moving-coild meterB. Operation of a meter movementC. Meter-movement sensitivity
- 294 9
D. The ammeter
1. Shunts--multirange and ring (Ayrton)-type
2. Shunt calculations3. Switching circuits for multirange
ammeter and miliammeter4. Circuit-loading effects
E. The voltmeter
1. Multipliers2. Multiplier calculations3. Switching circuits for multirange
voltmeters4. Ohms/volt sensitivity5. Circuit-loading effects
F. The ohmmeter
1. The series ohmmeter2. The shunt ohmmeter3. Ohmmeter calculations4. The ohmmeter scale
a. Characteristicsb. Calibrating the ohmmeter scale
G. A commerical VOM
1. Circuit arrangement2. Sensitivity3. Scales4. Use and care of the VOM
H. Wheatstone bridge
X. KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS AND APPLICATIONS
A. Superposition Theorem and ApplicationsB. Thevenin's Theorem and ApplicationsC. Norton's Theoz,m and ApplicationsD. Delta-Y and Y-Delta Transformations
XI. T, H, AND I NETWORKS
A. Bridge circuitsB. Pads and attenuators
XII. ELECTROMAOETIC INDUCTION AND INDUCTANCE
A. Nature of the induced emf
1. Factors determining its magnitude,its direction
2. Faraday's law3. Lenz's law
- 30 - 50
B. Inductance
1. Self-inductance2. Mutual inductance3. Calculating total inductance of
a. Coils in seriesb. Coils in parallel
C. Current rise and fall in an inductivecircuit
1. Pure inductance2. Inductance containing resistance3. Time constant in inductive circuit
D. Energy stored in a magnetic field
XIII. CAPACITANCE
A. Electric charge and the electric fieldB. CapacitanceC. Electron theory of capacitor action on:
1. Charge2. Discharge
D. Factors affecting capacitance
1. Plate area2. Separation between Plates3. Dielectric
E. Unit of capacitanceF. Charge (q) on a capacitorG. Leakage resistanceH. Types of capacitors
1. Fixed capacitors and their applicationsin electronics
a. Paper and molded tubularb. Micac. Ceramic, disc, and molded ceramic
(temperature coefficient)d. Oile. Electrolytic
1. Principle of operation2. Action of dielectric3. Forming voltage4. Wet and dry electrolytics5. Capacitor blocks6. A-C electrolytic
f. Tantalum and other types
- 31 -51
2. Variable capacitors and their use
a. Controls
1. Construction2. Capacitance range3. Ganged capacitors
b. Trimmers
1. Construction2. Capacitance range
3. Distributed capacitance of
a. Wireb, Coilsc. Stray and circuit capacitance
I. Voltage Characteristics of capacitors
1. Nonelectrolytic
a. Operating voltageb. Breakdown voltage
2. Electrolytic
a. DCWVb. Peakc. Surged. Leakage currente. Temperature characteristics
J. Capacitor combinations
1. Series arrangement
a. Total capacitanceb. The capacitive voltage divider
2. Parallel arrangement--total capacitance3. Series-parallel combinations- -
total capacitance
K. RC time constant
1. Direct current and voltage changeversus time on capacitor charge
2. Direct current and voltage changeversus time on canacitor discharge
3. Universal time-constant chart
L. Energy stored in a capacitor
52- 32-
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M. Testing capacitors
1. Static tests (ohmmeter orcapacitance bridge)
a. Capacitanceb. Shortsc. Opensd. Leakage
2. Dynamic tests using
a. Capacitance tester for leadage orb. VTVM (voltage function) for leakager. nnen-short-intermittent checker
XIV. GENERATING ALTERNATING EMF
A. Simple rotating a-c generator and how itworks
B. A-C cycle and how it is plottedC. The Sine Wave and how it is used
1. Definition, sine of an angle2. Generated a-c wave and its relation
to the sine wave3. Characteristics of sine wave
a. Amplitudeb. Frequencyc. Period
4. Values of sinusoidal a-c voltage
a. Instantaneousb. Peak and peak-to-peakc. Averaged. RMS
5. Meaning of phase and phase angle6. Phasor (vector) representation of
sinusoidal alternating current
a. Rotating vector--the ohasorb. Phase relationships shown by nhasorsc. Vector notationd. Vector componentse. Vector addition
D. A C Measurement
1. Oscilloscope operation--use for
a. Observing waveformb. Measuring voltage (voltage
calibration)c. Checking frequency to
1. Comparison method2. Lissajous patterns
2. A-C voltmeter, A-C ammeter
XV. RESISTANCE IN A-C CIRCUITS
A. Instantaneous current in a resistanceB. Power in a resistanceC. Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance
in A-C Circuits
1. Phase relationship between voltage andcurrent in a pyre inductance
2. Phase relationship between voltage andcurrent in a pure capacitance
3. :nature of reactance and computation of:
a. XL
b. X
4. Power in a reactance5. Phasor representation of XL and XC
6. The j operator and complex algebranotation; use in a-c analysis
D. Impedance, Current, Voltage, and Powerin A-C Circuits
1. Characteristics of impedance2. Impedance diagrams3. Calculation of impedance, phase current,
and voltage series
a. Resistive circuitb. RL circuitc. RC circuitd. !LC circuit
4. Conductance, susceptance, and admittance5. Parallel a -c circuits--caluclation of:
a. Impedanceb. Currentc. Voltaged. Equivalent series LCR circuit
6. Power in a-c circuits
a. True powerb. Apparent powerc. Power factor and power-factor correc-
tiond. Measuring power in a-c circuits
7. A4esistance, skin effect8. Circle diagram in series circuit
a. With fixed R and variable reactanceb. With fixed reactance and variable Rc. Phase-shift circuits
XVI. USE OF A SIGNAL GENERATOR (TEST OSCILLATOR)AS A SIGNAL SOURCE
XVII. COILS IN A-C CIRCUITS
A. Low-frequency coils-relationship of Lto number of turns, winding and core
B. High-frequency coils
1. Air core2. Powdered iron core3. Variable core
C. Distributed capacitance of windings
XVIII. RESONANCE
A. Series resonant circuit
1. Definition and resonant-frequencycalculation
2. Frequency-response characteristicsof a series LCR circuit. Graph of:
a. Z versus frequencyb. I versus frequencyc. Effect of R on I
3. The half-power points and definitionof bandwidth
4. Q defined; formula5. Effect of Q on bandwidth6. Selectivity of a series resonant circuit
B. Parallel resonant circuit
1. The ideal parallel resonant LC circuit(assuming no resistance)
a. Resonant-frequency calculationb. Variation of Z and I versus frequencyc. Q defined; formula and application
55- 35-
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2. The practical parallel resonant LCRcircuit (with resistance)
a. Definitions for resonant frequencyb. Related formulas for resonant
frequencyc. Q of a parallel resonant circuitd. Parallel-resonance response curves
for Z, E, and Ie. Bandwidth and Qf. Selectivity of parallel resonant
circuits
C. Determining the frequency-responsecharacteristics of resonant (turned)circuits
1. Point-by-point measurement with asignal generator and oscilloscope
2. Automatic plotting with a sweepgenerator and oscilloscone
D. Tuned circuits in electronics
1. Coil turned by its own and circuitcapacitances
2. Transmission line as a turned circuit3. Cavity used as a tuned circuit4. Antenna as a tuned circuit5. Tuned circuits for frequency selection6. Tuned filter circuits
XIX. TRAaSFORMERS
A. Mutual inductance and transformer actionof
1. Transformer with isolated winding2. Auto trans former
B. Characteristics
1. Stepup and stepdown2. Leakage3. Reflected impedance4. Turns ratio5. Transformation ratio for E and I
C. Impedance matching and Dower transferD. Types of transformers--their differences
and use in electronics
1. Core type2. Power transformers3. A-F transformers4. Tunel transformers
- 36-
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E. Transformer equivalent circuitsF. Frequency responseG. Transformer shieldingH. Transformer losses
Testing transformers
XX. PERIODIC NONSINUSOIDAL VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
A. Harmonic contentB. Waveform characteristicsC. Circuit action
XXI. THREE-PHASE SYSTEM
A. Generation of three-phase voltagesB. Three-phase Y systemsC. Three-phase delta systemsD. Balanced and unbalanced
XXII. CODE AGENCIES AND CODES
A. N.E.C. - National Electric CodesB. F.C.C. - Federal Communications Commission
1. FCC regulations2. FCC standards
C. P.U.C. - Public Utilities RegulationsD. National Underwriters LaboratoryE. N.F.P.A. - National Fire Protective
AssociationF. 0.S.H.A. - Occupational Safety and Health
Act
XXIII. SEMICONDUCTOR PRINCIPLES
A. Structure of the atom
1. Nucleus and its charge2. Planetary electrons: electron rings,
free electrons and electrical conduc-tivity, valence electrons and chethicalactivity
B. Energy levels of planetary electronsC. Use of energy levels to explain electron
motion in:
1. Insulator2. Conductor3. Semiconductor
- 37 - 57
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D. Semiconductor materials and structure
1. Germanium2. Silicon
E. Adding impurities to semiconductors
1. Valence bond structure of puregermanium
2. Holes3. Doping germanium with donor and
acceptor impUrities
a. N tyne, its characteristics andenergy levels
b. P-type, its characteristics andenergy levels
F. Current carriers in N- and P-typesemi-conductors
1. Majority carriers2. Minority carriers
(;. P-N junctions and potential barrierH. Motion of current carriers in semiconductor
1. Holes2. Electrons
I. Avalanche3. Zener effectK. Semiconductor Diodes
1. Crystal diodes
a. Construction: circuit symbolb. Forward and reverse biasc. Current--voltage characteristicsd. Diode ratingse. Applications
2. Zener diodes
a. Construction; circuit symbolb. Current--voltage characteristicsc. Ratingsd. Applications
3. Tunnel diodes
a. Construction; circuit symbolb. Tunnel effectc. Current--voltage characteristicsd. Applications
58- 38 -
XXIV. SOLID-STATE-DIODE LOGIC CIRCUITS
A. ANDB. OR
XXV. RECTIFIERS
A. Semiconductor
1. Silicon
a. Constructionb. Theory of operationc. Characteristic curves
1. Forward current2. Reverse or leakage current3. Temperature effects4. Voltage -- resistance characteristic
d. Applications
XXVI. POWER SUPPLIES
A. Power-supply requirements for electronics1. D-C voltages
B. Power transformers in a-c supplies
1. Current and voltage characteristics ofa. Primary windingb. Secondary winding
2. Shielding of transformers
C. Rectification using R as load-no filter1. Half-wave - Comparison of input and
output
a. Voltage, waveformsb. Currentc. Frequency
2. Full-wave - Comparison of input andoutput
a. Voltage, waveformsb. Currentc. Frequency
3. Bridge rectifiers
I. Filtering action and filters
1. Capacitor input
a. Operationb. Effect of capacitor and inductor
(choke) size on filtering action(type)
c. Effect of load on rippled. Regulatione. Effect on regulation of adding
more sections to filter (brute force)2. Choke input
a. Effect on choke input on regulationand output voltage
b. When used
3. RC filters
a. Characteristicsb. When used
4. Bleeder resistor
E. A-C, D-C type power supply
1. Basic rectifier circuits2. U of protective resistors3. Common rectifiers used in a-c, d-c
supplies
F. Voltage doubler and tripler circuitsand their characteristics
1. Half-wave2. Full-wave
G. Maintenance problems
1. Common power-supply defects and theireffects on output voltage
a. Defective rectifierb. Defective input and output filter
capacitorsc. Open or shorted choke or filter
resistord. Defective power transformer, when usee. Defective switch, fusef. Open line-cord or protective resistorg. Short in external loadh. Line-voltage variations
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2. Locating the defect
a. Voltage readingsb. Resistance readingsc. Use of oscilloscope and a-c meter
to detect and measure a-c rippleand voltage
XXVII. SILICOI CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS (SCR)
A. Structure and useB. Theory of operation
1. Equivalent transistor arrangement2. Action of the gate
C. Characteristics and ratingsD. SCR-circuit applicationsE. Silicon controlled switch (SCS)
1. Structure and use2. Theory of operation
a. Equivalent transistor arrangementb. Action of the two gates
3. Characteristics and ratings4. Comparison with SCR5. Circuit applications
XXVIII. FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR (FET)
A. Structure and useB. Theory of operationC. Characteristics, ratings, and applicationsD. Unijunction transistor
1. Structure and use2. Theory of operation3. Characteristics, ratings and
applications
E. Backward diode
1. Characteristics2. Applications
XXIX. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
A. Need for microelectronic circuitsB. Developments which led to ICs
1. Planar transistor technology2. Epitazial techniques3. Thin-film processes
- 41 - 61
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C. IC fabrication process
1. Processing the silicon wafer2. Epitazial growth3. Isolation masking4. Diffusion cycles5. Contacts for interconnections6. Wafer dicing7. IC packaging
D. Digital logic circuits from IOs
1. Direct-coupled transistor logic (DCTL)2. Resistor-transistor logic (RTL)3. Other logic methods
C. RTL logic block and basic logic circuits1. AND logic2. OR logic3. NOT logic4. NOR logic5. NAND gate
F. Multivibrators derived from IC NOR gates
1. One-shot multivibrator2. Schmitt Trigger3. Ramp-function generator
G. IC linear amplifier circuits
XXX. AN ELECTROAIC SYSTEM--TRANSISTORIZED CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE
A. The systems approachB. From building block u.) system functionC. Transistorized CRO
1. Block diagram2. Individual circuit function and operatio
a. Vertical amplifierb. Time-base generatorc. Synchronizing the time-base generatord. CRT indicator circuitse. Power supply
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XXXI. TRANSISTORS
A. Junction Transistors
1. Construction2. Elements, their symbols and their
functions3. Grounded-base configuration
a. Biasing--NPN and PNP typesb. Control of currentc. Current gain: Ad. Voltage and rower gaine. Characteristic curves
4. Grounded- emitter configuration
a. Biasing and control of currentb. Current gain: Bc. Voltage and power gaind. Characteristic curves
5. Transistor equivalent circuits6. Transistor as an amplifier7. Hybrid parameters
B. Point-Contact Transistors
1. Construction2. Operation3. Gain
a. Currentb. Voltagec. Power
C. Transistor Properties
1. Frequency response2. Ooise factor3. Power handling capabilities4. Tennerature considerations
D. 2rmanium versus Silicon Transistors
1. Comparison of properties2. Applications of each
XXXII. TRANSISTOR DATA (2IANUFACTURER'SSPECIFICATIONS)
k. Transistor defects and testing oftransistors
B. Recent develonnents in transistortechnology
- 43 - 63
C. Techniques in handling transistors
1. Tools required2. Temperature considerations
a. Operating temperaturesb. Heat-dissipation methods
3. Soldering in transistor circuits
a. Preparationb. Use of heat sinkc. Other considerations
4. Precautions in annlying nower totransistor circuits
a. Forward biasing of emitter-basecircuits
b. Reverse biasing of collector-basecircuits
c. Preventing runawayd. Care in operating transistor within
its rated characteristics
5. Measurements in transistor circuits
a. Use of VTVM for voltage measurementsb. Precautions in use of ohmmeter for
resistance checks of transistorlimitations of resistance measure-ments.
c. Use of micromilliammeter andmilliammeter for current measure-ments
d. Use of oscilloscope in observingand measuring signal voltages
D. Transistor Components
1. Miniaturization2. Capacitors
a. Electrolyticb. Nonelectrolytic
3. Resistors
a. ilattageb. Sizec. Fixed and variable
- 44 - 64
XXXII'. AMPLIFIERS
A. The Transistor Amplifier (groundedemitter)
1. Characteristic curves and transistorspecifications
2. Operating point3. Load line4. Bias circuits and stabli%ation5. Equivalent circuit and gain enuations6. Innut and output impedance
B. grounded-Base
1. Circuits and operation2. Load line and eauivalent circuits3. Characteristics
a. Gain equationsb. Input and output impedancec. Phase relationship between input
and output signal
C. Grounded circuits (emitter-follower)
1. Circuits and operation2. Equivalent circuits3. Characteristics
a. Gain equationsb. Input and output impedancec. Phase relationship between input
and output signals
D. Coupled Amplifiers
1. RC coupling2. Transformer coupling3. Impedance coupling4. Direct coupling
E. Freauency-Response characteristics ofamplifiers
1. Factors affecting frequency resnonse2. Equivalent circuits at:
a. Low freauenciesb. Mid frequenciesc. High freauencies
F. Classes of amplifier operations andcharacteristics
1. Class A, AB, and AB2
2. Class B3. Class C
65
PA
G. Power Amplifiers
1. Class A operation
a. Power calculationsb. Distortionc. Push -null operation and its
characteristics
2. Power comparison (decibels)3. Class B amplifier and its
characteristics4. Class C amplifier and its
characteristics
N. Phase-Inverter circuitsI. Inverse feedback
1. Gain equation2. Inverse feedback in tube amnlifiers3. Inverse feedback in transistor
amplifiers4. Effects of inverse feedback on:
a. Circuit stabilityb. Distortionc. Frequency responsed. Input impedance
J. Audio-frequency amplifiers (transistors)
1. Representative voltage amplifiers2. Representative power amplifiers3. The output transformer and its
characteristics for:
a. Transistors
4. The dynamic loudspeaker and itscharacteristics
5. Audio-amplifier controls
a. Volumeb. Tone
6. Teelniaues for determining amnlifierfrequency characteristics
7. Maintenance checks
a. Transistors as a source of troubleb. D=C voltage measurements and
interpretationc. A-C voltage measurements and
interpretationd. Resistance analysis, measurements,
and interpretation
-46 - 66
e. Signal substitution and signaltracing with:
1. Oscilloscope2. Output meter
f. Checking distortion with anoscilloscope
g. Precautions in injecting signalsinto transistor circuits
1. Limitation in amplitude ofsignal current which may beinjected
2. Manner in which signal nay becoupled into circuit
8. Audio Anplifier applications-representative circuits
a. For hearing aidsb. For PA systemsc. For phonographsd. For radio and television receivers
=XIV. CODES
A. N.E.C. - National Electric CodesB. F.C.C. - Federal Communications Commissio
1. F.C.C. Regulations2. F.C.C. Standards
C. P.U.C. - Public Utilities RegulationsD. N.U.L. - flational Underwriters LaboratoryE. N.F.P.A. - lational Fire Protection
AssociationF. 0.S.H.A. - Occupational Safety and Health
Act
XXV. ALARMS
A. Fire alarm basics
1. Control panels2. :formally- closed and normally-open
contacts in initiating devices3. Audible signal devices4. Audible signla symbols5. Audible signal circuits
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B. Types of Systems
1. Noncoded2. Zoned noncoded3. Remote station systems4. Auxiliary services5. Lock-in circuits6. Battery standby systems
C. Alarm initiating devices
1. Manual2. Automatic3. Automatic fire detectors4. Thermal detectors (fixed temperatures,
rate of rise and rate compensation)5. Fixed-temperature detectors
a. Spot type (unit type)
6. Restorable detectors7. lonrestorable detectors8. Line type9. Rate of rise detectors
D. Combustion products (smoke) detector
1. Photoelectric detector
a, Snottyne (unit type)b. Ionization typec. Infrared detectors
E. Switches on automatic fire extinguishingsystems
1. Water-flow switch on sprinkler system2. Alarm switches on fixed extinguishing
systems
F. Manual stations (breakglass or nonbreak-glass)
1. Boxes, fire alarm (non-coded)2. Break lass3. Audible ala,ms4. Bells5. Horns6. Chimes
'3'. Lamp annunciators
1. Back-lighted annunciators2. Graphic annunciators
6rs- 48 -
H. Installation Instructions for firealarm systems
1. Locations of corponents
a. Manual stationsb. Automatic fire detectors
2. Control panel3. Alarm indicating devices
a. Audible devicesb. Visual devices
I. Power Supplies
1. Local fire alarm systems
a. Two-wire suppliesb. Three-wire suppliesc. Storage batteries
J. Installation wiring
1. Inside wiring2. Low voltage applications3. Limited-energy applications4. System start-un procedures5. Check of installation wiring6. Test for shorts and onen7. Remote line resistor8. End of line resistor on control panel9.,Iklarm indicating device connected
in series10. Alarm indicating devices connected in
parallel circuits11. Polar zed diode type alarm indicating
devices connected in parallel circuits12. Annunciator circuit
K. Test for grounds
1. Visual inspection2. Check of power sources3. Alternating-current systems4. Jormal operation (supervisory condition
L. Supervision of circuits
1. Power supnly circuits2. Alarm initiating and indicating circuit3. Fuses4. Supnlementary circuits5. Annunciator circuits6. Alarm oneration7. Jarring test
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M. Burglar Alarms
1. Types of alarms
a. Rf wirelessb. Access controlc. Hard wire systemsd. Audio monitoringe. Beta logicf. Sound detectiong. Mechanical
2. Alarm control
a. Central stationb. TelephoneC. Computord. Local
3. Alarm sensors
a. Ultrasonicb. Magneticc. RFd. AFe. Motion
4. Component system.;
a. Alarm controlsb. Dialers and communicationsc. Wireless alarm systemd. Sensors, passive ultrasonic,
mechanicale. Accessories and modulesf. Alarm signals--bells, sirens, lightsg. Power supplies and batteriesh. Smoke detectorsi. Access controls--apartment alarms
XXXVI. CABLE TV
A. Head-end equipment
1. VHF amplifier2. UHF amplifier3. All channel cmplifier4. Channel converter5. Mixer-amplifier6. Trans and filters
B. Distribution of the signal
1. Splitters2. Tapoffs3. Wall outlet4. Cable termination5. Balun units
C.
Distribution
losses
1.
Isolation2. I
nsertion3.
Cable
loss
D.
Calculation
of
losses
1. Foam
cable2. S
plitter3.
Tanoffs
4.
Wall
outlet5.
Balun
unit
E.
System
with
multitaps
1.
Attenuation
(100'
of c
able)2. I
nsertion
loss
a.
2-way
splitterb.
2 multitaps
3.
Isolation
loss
a.
Tapoff
loss
F.
System
with
single
taps
1.
Attenuation
(100'
of c
able)2.
Insertion
loss
a.
4-way
splitterb.
Seven
tapoffs
c.
Each
tapoff
G.
Decibel
units
1. Power
ratios2. V
oltage
ratios3. R
eference
levels4. Adding
and
subtracting
DB
5. C
ommon
DB
valves6.
Decibel
conversion
charts
H.
Codes
1.
N.E.C.
-
National
Electric
Codes2. F
.C.C.
-
Federal
Communications
Commission
a.
FCC.
Regulationsb. FCC
Standards
3. P
.U.C.
-
Public
Utilities
Regulations4. N
.U.L.
National
Underwriters
Laboratory
5. N
.F.P.A.
-
National
Fire
Protection
Association6.
0.S.A.A.
-
Occupational
Safety
and
HealthAct
-
51 -
71
XXXVII. SAFETY
A. Eye
1. Glasses2. Shields
B. Correct Dress
1. Shoes2. Hair3. Clothing
C. Handling metalD. Correct use of toolsE. Correct use of machines and enuinmentF. Electrical precautionsG. Safety first and last
XXXVIII. CUSTOMER RELATIONS AM BUSINESS PRACTICES
A. Dress and appearance - first impressions
1. Clothing
a. 'Neatb. Clean
2. Personal appearance
a. Cleanlinessb. Personal hygienec. Manners
1. Polite2. Tactful
B. Courtesy to the customer
1. Telephone communication
a. Courteousb. Sincerec. Listend, clever argue, but stand on factse. .lisunderstanding produces ill will
- 52 -72
2. Association in person
a. Call customer by nameb. Pronounce name correctlyc. Efficient serviced. Brief, thoroughe. Satisfy complaintf. Enthusiasm about companyg. Enthusiasm about product
C. Customer psychology
1. ac t the customer's story2. Agreement precludes disagreement3, knowledge of product4. Ignorance kills customer confidence5. Show initiative
D. Business practices
1. Maintain good records
a. Customer filesb. Service callsc. Time spentd. Parts usede. Billingsf. Correspondenceg. Inventoryh. Service bulletinsi. Cost (all costs)j. Taxes (all taxes)k, cross income1. Net nrofit
E. Ethics
1. Workmanship2. Parts cost3. Labor cost4. Overhead cost5. Promptness6. Contractual and implied obligations7. Customer consideration
7 353-
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TITLE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AUTHOR
DC CIRCUITS AND MEASUREMENTS: A Anderson, Santanelli andSELF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMED MANUAL Kulis
AC CIRCUITS AND MEASUREMENTS: ASELF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMED MANUAL Kulis
Anderson, Santanelli, and
SPECIAL PURPOSE TRANSISTORS, A SELFINSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMED MANUAL
TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ANDbESIGN, 3rd Ed.
Federal Electric Corp.
Fitchen
ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICS Gillis
BASIC ELECTRONICS, 2nd Ed. Grob
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS Grob and Kiver
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS3rd Ed.. Jackson
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS, 2nd Ed. Mandl
BASIC ELECTRICITY FOR ELECTRONICS Middleton and Goldstein
74
PUBLISHER
Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.Princeton, N. J.
Mc-Graw Hill Book CompanyNew York
McGRaw-Hill Book CompanyNew York
McGraw-Hill Book CompanyNew York
Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc.New York
75
TITLE
ELECTRICITY ONE-SEVEN
ELECTRONICS ONE-SEVEN
A PROGRAMMED COURSE IN BASICELECTRICITY
TRANSISTOR PHYSICS AND CIRCUITS
ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS ANDCIRCUIT ANALYSIS
A-C CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
D-C CIRCUITS ANALYSIS
SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS
ESSENTIALS OF ELECTRICITY-ELECTRONICS 4th Ed.
AUTHOR
Mileaf
Mileaf
N. Y. I. T.
Ristenbatt and Riddle
Romanowitz
Schure, A., Ed.
Schure, A Ed.
Seidman and Marshall
Slurzberg and Osterheld
ESSENTIALS OF RADIO-ELECTRONICS 3rd Ed. Slurzberg and Osterheld
76
PUBLISHER
Hayden Publishing Co.New York
Hayden Publishing Co.New York
McGraw-Hill Book CompanyNew York
Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
John Wiley & Sons,New York
Hayden Publishing Co.New York
Hayden Publishing Co.New York
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.New York
McGraw-Hill Book CompanyNew York
McGraw-Hill Book CompanyN --York
77