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DOCUMENT RESUMEI

ED 110 031 . IR 002 801

TITLE Study of Educ ation'Satellite Comm unicationsDeionstration in Alaska: Some Tentative ConClusions.4th Bi-Monthly Report.

INSTITUTION Practical Concpts, Inc., Wathington, D.C.SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Edudation (DREW), Washington,

D.C.27 Jun 75100p.; For related documents see ED 101 732-734'102935, and 103 014

PUB DATENOTE

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$4.43 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS Attitudes.; Broadcast Television; *Communication

Satellites; Data Collection; *Deionstration Projects;Demonstrations (Educational); Educational Technology;*Educational Television; *Evaluation; Policy; PolicyFormation; *Rural Education; Rural Population; RuralSchools; Surveys; Telecommunication

IDENTIFIERS *Rtlaska;NApplied Technology Satellite 6; ATS 6;Education Satellite Communications Demonstration;ESCD

ABSTRACTEvaluative data gathered in villages that received

educationarbroadcasts during the Educational SatelliteCommunications Demonstration (ESCD) in rural Alaska are summarized,and policy conclusions are drawn. Data sources includedinterviewswith local residents, logs and time records, and conferencetranscripts. Conclusions are presented with regard to levels of

. policy, technological considerations, the types and use ofeducational materials, and village respouestto the demonstration. /

Comments on village use of television in general and on the future of, television in rural Alaska are also presented.' The apprendixesinclude a brief description of the participating villages, samples ofthe forms used for data Collection, and outlines of conferences heldto evaluate the project. Thesateilite used was the AppliedTechnology Satellite (ATS)-6. (DGC)

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************************************************************************ Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished *

* materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort ** to -obtain the 'best copy available., nevertheless, items of marginal *

* reproducibility are/often encountered and this affects the quality *',* of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC make available* via the ERIC,Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not* responsible tor the quality of the original thicumeni. Reproductions* supplied by EDRS 'are the best that canbe made from the original.************************************** * * * * * * *4, * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * ** * * ** **

STUDY.OF EDUCATION SATELLITE ..,

COMMUNICATIONS DEMONSTRATION

IN ALASKA:

SOME TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS

4TH BI-MONTHLY REPORT

Prepared for:

National Institute of Educatipn1200.Nineteenth Street, N.W.Washington, D. C. 20308

Prepared by:

Practical Concepts Incorporated173Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.Suite 200

kJWashington, D. C. 20036

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U S GE PARTMENT OF EALTN.EDUCATION & W FARENAYIONAL INSE' UTE OF

EDS.ICA ONAS BEEN REPROS RECEIVED FROM

RGANIZATION ORIGINOF VIEW OR OPINIONS

T NECESSARILY REPREL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

POSITION OR POLICY

TISrS DOCUMENTCED EXACTLY

THE PERSON ORATING IT POINSTATED DOSENT OFFICEDUCATIO

Practical ConcOptg Incorporated,

June 27, 1975

1PREFACE

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-PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS REPORT IS, NOT MEANT TO

READ, BUT IT IS ALSO MEANT*TO BE RESPONDED TO.

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IN PARTICULAR WE NEED YOURREACTIONS TO THE

. TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS ORESENTEDIINCHAPTER TWO.

YOUR REACTIONS WILL BE EITHER ADDRESSED OR INCLUDED

1IN SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.

PLEASE CORRESPOND TO THE ATTENTION OF:

ROGER POPPER

orMOLLY HAGEBOECK

orHELEN SAVAGE

AT THEE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:

PCI

1730 RHODE ISLAND AVENUESUITE 200 '

WASHINGTON, 0. C. 20036

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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I. -INTRODUCTION,

II.

TABLE OF CONTENTS,

TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS

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A. Our Infordation Gathering Approach inthe Villages

B. The Case Villages

C. How the Conclusions are Organized ,. .. _ 14,1-2.

D. The Conclusions and their Bases 11-4',

E. Summary List of Tentative Conclusions 11-25

III. SYNTHESIS OF VILLAGE REACTION TO ESCD

A. The Contract Letter 111-2

B. Outline' for Organizing Village Reaction to 1

111-41ESCD

C. Village Reaction to ESCD . 111-5

APPENDICES:

Appendix A: Thumb-Nail Sketch of Case Villag s 1

Appendix B: Introduction to the ESCD-Evaluat onConference (May 29-May 31, 1975)

Appendix C! Alaska Rural Media-Conference(July 22-25, 1975) '

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The Educational Satellite Communications Demonstration (ESCD) in Alaska

is now over. Broadcasts of school programs and the weekly Alaska Native -

.Magazinehave ceased, and the ATS-6 satellite is being re-directed

towalyd India.

R.

The purpose of the report now in your hands is to elicit your reactions --

particularly your comments and criticisms regarding the tentative

conclusions set forth in Chapter Two.

The central purpose of the pemonstration was to find out how satellite

'television fits into the Alaskan rural context. A s'illdy team from

Practical Concepts'Incorporated, supported, by a subcontract with the

Center for Northern Educational Research at'the University of Alaska has

been given the job of helping Alaska and the Federal government learn

from the DeTonstration.

The tentative concluiions presented in Section II are based on only

a fraction of the information we are gathering. They re based primarily

on reports by and interviews with native residents, of ESCD villages.

Conclusions"based.,on other information will be present in.subsequent

reports.*

We,welcome conthbutions by anyone which will accomplish any of the;,

following:

- lead to new conclusions;

- refine tentative conclusions presented here;

- reaffirm and strengthen conclusions presented here;

disprove or contradict,conclusions presented here.

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We welcome your opinions and ideas; however, even more helpful to us

would be information we have overlooked or leads on where to find_

additional information.

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CHAPTER TWO

TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS

For those of you with only limited.time, this is the chapter to

concentrate one We want your opinions on the tentartive conclusions,

also we need your recommendations, on wher9 we might look for more

:11t1,, information. (Pay special attention to Page 11-8.) To give you some -1

' insight into how we arrived at the conclusions, we present the following

brief description of how we gathered most of the information on which

the conclusions are based.

' A. Our. Information Gathering Approach in the Villages

A

Our approach to Collecting.villagers' opinions, ideas and reactions with

,regard to theiatellite TV demonstration and about the future of tele-

vision and satellite television in Alaskan villages was as follows:

1. Hire competent Native residentt in five Case Villages torecord reaction to the Demonstration.

;2. iCdllect journalistic reports from the people we hire:

- to keep aWeaot of how the Demonstration is'proceeding in tfie villages;

to find out what people in villages are sayingand thinking.about satellite TV.

3. Visit the Case Villages twice 'during the Demonstrationto do some informal interviewing to supplement the above.=

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II, The Case Villages

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The villages chosen fOr the information Q ering described here were:

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Tanana, Aniak, ChUathbaluk, Allakaket? a d Angoon.

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They were chosen because they represent varying educational situations,

and they are widely distributed geographically and culturally. For

example:

- Aniak*, Tanana and Angoon have brand new high schools, butAllakaket and Chuathbaluk do not

- Aniak and Chuathbaluk are southwestern, mainly YupijEskimo villages;

- Tanana and Allakaket are interior, main ly Athabaskan-Indian villages;

Angoon is.a southeastern, primarily Tlingit Indian village.

Detaaled'descriptions of important aspects of the villages will be

presented in our 1st annual report.to be published this Fall. Some

thumb -nail .siescriptions are presented.in Appendix A.*

C. Now the nclusions are Organized

We hav,e organised the preliminary conclusions by management level to

help the reader,make sense of them. Figiire II-1 is,a description of

whatme consider to be the basic management levels, and their respective

manageable interests. By "manageable interest" we mean what a manager

or group of managers can.4frectly,confrol. We distinguish between those

_ things a manager can really control and those he can only worry about..

First we.will Present the conclusions and their factual baget, ando

identify the management level. Then we will present 'summaries of the

conclusi,ns listedby management level.

.*-A "telecommunications census" for the villages and adjacent townswill be included in Our next bi-monthly report., ,

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POLICY 'LEVEL

Go /No -Go Major___--Altlicnati yes

TECHNOLOGY LEVEL

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Satellites Satellite Other.TV TV

OrganizationalRelations'

InteractiveComponent

EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS,LEVEL ".

IContent Source Form4 Production

VILLAGE LEVELI\

Etc.

School Children Community Culture . Local VieWing;

Technology Location

FIGURE II-1: MANAGEMENT LEVELS AND THEIR

MANAGEABLE INTERESTS

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MANAGEMENT LEVEL: POLICY.

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CONCLUSION: Giving access to high technology and taking it away

BASIS:

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Creates reientment.

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Repoits py and. interviews with-Native, residents of

ESGD villages contained the following \comments :;

I donl.t feel it .is fair to,give people some TV fora demonstration and then have it taken away after.a certain period of time. ,It would be particularlyunfair if the TV was very successful in attractinga lot of viewers. . That would be like giving a doga' bone for only a minute and then taking it away;

- It's good to share things, but it seems likethere's more goin§ to the foreign countries th4n

our Alaska;

If it's not going tO be here for,gciod, why bdther?;

- Having things givenand taken away is normal here;

7People want,.to know the reason why it -is'beingi,taken, and if we will ever §et it back;

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- I have question. Is'someone going to buy de,ATS-6 satellite? And are ,they the ones who aregoing 'to try to make it atpermanent p'rogram?;

...

- Anythihg new on.

getting another satel 1 ite?;

- I had flo idea that it was here only.for a demon4,stration. There may be quite a number of otherpeople who don't know what as going on either;

- We don't-believe it, will return since it cost somuch tc), put it therein the-first place; ,

- If it means inying.more taxes for the governMentto-spend foolishly like that than no way do we,want the TV back;

- To begin with , million dollars,is a lot ofmoney to.,spend in such a short time. We [Would]-much rather have a gooct'air stripi

.- It was; a good example to show if you know the

right people andpull the right strings you couldget mgney from the government for just aboutanything.

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-MANAGEMENT LEVEL: .

DISCUSSION:

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evidence that giving access to hh--ien taking it away creates resentment

technology is neither, des iired- nor

evidence i§ that some of the above)m people who were not frequentI tte TV.

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CONCLUSION:

BASIS:

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MANAGEMENT LEVEL:

DISCUSSION:

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Not all vIllage resident perceptions of hometelevision impact on Alaskan villageeare positiye.

Reports by and interviews with Native _residents ofESCD villages contained the following comments:

- TV in every home would ruin the social life;

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- People wouldn't go visiting;

- Kids used to walk tb to go to the movies,and I set up movies here so they wouldn't,runaway or get lost. I am afraid the same thingwill 'happen if they get TV and we don't;

- I don't think we need TV in remotevillageslike . Our life style would be destroyedand I believe we would turn to welfare, etc. --all bad;

- Sewing would be neglected and sled making andall the necessary things that still go on inour village to make it'the village-that it is

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now;

- Maybe some homes would be able to limit when the 1

set could be watched --but very few-,

- Going to camp and living close to nature is moreour style instead of depending on the tube to .

entertain us and make up our minds for us;*4)

- Our life style is changing .so rapidly as it iswithout more monkey wrenches thrown in; .

- People still go visiting with each other -- playbingo, have potlatches, etc. .TV would,havenothing but a bad affect on our village;

- It baffles me ever? time I think of people beingscared of something different. Variety is moreinteresting. Why does the minority have to bebowled over by the dominating group. We like theway we live and would like.to remain as such fOras little time that we have left. We know thatmore changes will take place. What the dominatingsociety calls progress is complete ruin to ourlife style.,

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Policy

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It is our impression that the above represeritminority opinions, but we have no way df being sure.'

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CONCLUSION: Parts of-rural Alaska may get some TV in he nearfuture without a satellite.

BASIS:

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Reports by and interviews with'Native sidents of -4

ESCD villages contained the following. comments:4

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TeopleAre.more interested in TV f m Bethelthan ATS-6;

People in Aniak have started buytng TVs in a"you 4ry it first" way;

Aniak has been paying dues for a Oile now totfielgthel TV Movie Club;

Aniak is waiting to get TV thrbu Bethel. .

As the KYUK radio/TV staff said, "Only Godknows when we will get it, since they are over--spent .on their budget"4

There's some intereSt.iri'.Bethel TV forChuathbaliik. $2,000 or something must be putup;

Nikolai gets three channels of TV at theCommunity Center;

Galena gets Air Force TV from the base there;,

A man at WhiteAlice injanana put up n aerialand gets TV;

There has been a-rumor around for seve al yearsthat TV is coming to Angoon, and the e pectationruns. high. At least several families headyhave TV sets.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION W WILL ANALYZE:

Reports on' &die availability pd prospects inrural Alaska;

- The Alaska Rural Media Conference -on July 22-25where CNER staff will be full participants, andcurrent and future telgvi'sion.availability willbe discussed. (See Appendix 0.)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL:' Policy and Technology

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DISCUSSION: Satelli

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planninmentingredundmay in

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e TV is notAhe only means of potentials it some parts of rural Alaska. . Future

f, satellite TV should focus on compleo her systems rather than inhibiting or being

nt with them. Availability of .satellite TVit the development of regional TV networks.

with a viewpdint on, or information sheddingn the following two questions would help usy by sharing thcir ideas with us:

ill extensive satellite television inhibitstimulate development of regional

communications networkp

;How can a satellite communications systembe designed to stimulate the developmentof regional communications networks.

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CONCLUSION:

BASIS:

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An effect of demonstrations, is to stimulaTe growth'of organizations and to influence the directionof their growth.

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So. 'far, We have derived the ,above conclusion only

from preliminary study of the Alaska Office ofTelecommunications, the prime ATS-6 contractor.

The following facts about the-Office of Telecommun-ications lead to the above conclusion:

ESCD contract allowed/AOT to hire persoPneli

- The ESCD contract allowed AOt to develop. expertise in managing andAlverating large

scale communications systems;

The ESCD contract gave AOtoaccess to resourcesand allowed them to build'a beOadcast studio;

- 'The, ESCD contract may have all4wed AOT todevelop an image-among Alaskant as a manager/and operator of large scale communicationssystems. (An alternative image might be methat of a policy office.)

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILLANALYZE:

MANAGEMENT LEVEL:

- Documents and interviews whichhistory"of AOl;

- Documents and interviews whichhistory of other participant or

.4- as KUAC, NWREL in Alaska, etc.;7

- The essence of the conclusionof participant organizations aparticipating in demonstrations.fore keep track of what happensorganizations following the ATS-

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Policy

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detailedations, such

at the futuresfluenceU by

e must there-participant

demonstration.

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CONCLUSION:

BASIS:

FACTS:

VTPS offer more flexibility in the classroomthan "real time" TV programs.

Interviews with teacheks contained the follOwipgcomments:

- I like a VTR much better. There's morevariety, and I can choose the time;

- "Live" programs sort of interrupt;

- When there's news, etc., the, satellite is .

definitely an advantage. Otherwise there'sno difference;

- VTR is better because you can stop in the. middle.

- It is impossible o interrupt "live" pwgramswithout missing ma erial;

- BOLD and "Right On' were seldom integratedwith other classwor ; /

- Equipment for recording and replaying iscoRmon'in villages. \

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE*4ILL ANALYZE:

- Tapes of the Teacher Group at the ESCDParticipant Evaluation Conference. Theycovered the VTR, "liveness", and real timeissues thoroughly.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Technology

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CONCLUSION: Interaction As not given a fair \chance to prove 4

its utility.

BASIS (FACTS): - ESCD was forced to use a separate satelliteATS -1, for interaction;

- The reception via ATS-1 was often bad;

- ESCD participant consensus at the May 29-31"Evaluation Conference" was that interactionhas exciting possibilities which could not beexplored during the demonstration:"

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:

Tapes of the Consumer Committee,'Utilization-Aide, and Teacher Groups at the ESCD ParticipantEvaluation Conference., All three grqups talkedabout ways "interaction" might be Usedz

- Prior research suggesting that interaction isnot a good investment for educational TV

programs.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Techndlogy

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:CONCLUSION: Satellite TV color transmission is superb.

Observation;

Consensus of .the May 29-31 ESCD participant"Evaluation Conference".

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION\WE WILL ANALYZE:

- Uti'ljzation Aide'lags kept ih all the ESCDvillages.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Technology

DISCUSSION: % Inhabitants of ESCD villages may be spoiled forother types. of TV where reception is not of suchhigh quality.

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MANAGEMENT LEVEL: EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

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CONCLUSION:

BASIS:

Once you have lost ln audience, it is difficultto get it back by improving -your progrdms.

In some ESCD villages thl.e was high early attendancefor the Alaska Native MagaZile (logs are beinganalyzed to determine what "some" means).

In some ESCD villages,. initial high attendance droppedoff rap idly (logs are being analyzed to pin this downalso).

Some comments suggest that villagers found the earlyANM prograMs boring: "The Alaska Magazine improvedafter a consumer meeting last April with some.Utilization Aids thrown in.."

Some comments indicate t later programs, were better~.

PrOduction staff feels later programs were far better .t

than early pro grams.

Attendance did not increase markedly toward the endof the demonstration:

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:

- Logs;

- Time series analysis of reports and interviews;

- ESCD Participant Evaluation Conference tapes.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Educational Materials

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CONCLUSION:

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Using the current Alaska Native Magazine ,format,),white administrators and city natives do:not talkso village audiences can understand.

BASIS: Reports by and interviews with residents of ESCDvillages contained the following,comments:

- the teacher is the only one in town whounderstands the "high" words;

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Even people whose English is pretty good can'tunderstand the bureaucrats;

- People here don't understabd the wbrds l ikeleasee and leasor,'per se, etc.;

- .- The worst foris were the interviews except fora few of them and the Governor's InauguralSpeech. Most people back home are not use tofast talking and big words. The word game is .

not our thing -- very few garrulous peq .e athome. They believe in saying as much a ossiblewith a few words:

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WiLLANALYZE:

- ESCD Participant Conference tapes.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: EducatiOnal Materials

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CONCLUSION:.

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BASIS:

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Alaskans from one part of Alaska do not necessarilyenjoy programs about other parts.

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-Reports by and interviews wi th Native residents ofESCD villages ,contained the. following comments :

- In the interior.we are not interested in. things like 'Limited Entry";

- Prograps are always on the Southeast or ,

Southwest;

Minto, Minto, Minto [a town in the interior] --. that's all we everchear;

- The programs are usually not relevant to ourarea.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:

- Tapes of the ESCD Participants Conference wherethe desirability of regional programs wasdiscussed.

- Effect ,of ESCD on TV producers in Alaskan towns.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Educational Materials and Policy.

DISCUSSION: "Alaska villagers" are not a homogeneous populatiOn.There are important cultural and lifestyle differences__that should be constdered'by program developers. The '

threat of cultural "homogenization" Subtley pro-jecting dnd "teaching" a single set of values -- maybe more of a threat in terms of creating a single"Alaska village cultUre" (based on 'governmentinsensitivity to real differences among villageS) thanit is regarding the promulgation of "lower 48" on"Fairbanks" values. 'This, issue may, loom particularly .

large if satellite TV inhibits locally Producedprograming (e.g., where towns having populatiobsof 5,000 might produCe, tape or broadcast programsfor distribution to adjacent villages, but "don'tbother" because they can't compete with the satellitelink). From this. vantage, programs about fishing inFlorida might, be of wider interest than prbgrams aboutfishing in Alaska.

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CONCLUSIONS": There is definite) a demand for adult healthprograms.

BASIS: Reports by and interviews with Native residentsESCD villages, contained the following comments: .

- Some of us would like to see -the health programs.our children see. If we saw what, they do, they'dget more out of it;

Maybe a good idea would be to sh64 healthprograms before the Alaska Native Magazine;

.- Itsa problem having health movies only,in

the morning. I haven't seen very many as Iget my housework done in the A.M. and work atthe clinic in the afternoon. If the programcontinues the time should be changed, or isit up to the village to ask the time to be .

changed ?; "

We need health pro'grams for adults. I havelwokids with eye problems, but I don't knout whdrto

.' do about it;

- Use satellite to help parents use sign. languageto talk to deaf children. My child uses signlanguage, but"I don't know how.

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MANAGEMENT LEVEL: 'Educational' Materials

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CONCLUSTON:

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Under the current arrangement, the tone and _flavor-of children's programs'are determined largely bywhite improvised humor.

BASIS (FACTS): ;Consumer Committees generally had write -off acesAO =only to the program plans and character design;

- Some of the production of TV programs, especiallyhumorous ones, require improvisation;

- The production staff for "Right On" and BOLDwere.white professionals.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:a

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- interviews with production staff;

Comparison of program plans, scripts-and actUalproductions.

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\AANAGEMENT LEVEL: EduCational Materials

DISCUSSION:

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This Conclusion is not criticism of ESCD production'operations. Nor does it imply that white improvisedhumor is worse for village children than Nativeimprovised humor, whatever that might be. Our con-cern is that planners know exactly what they aregetting when they set up consumer committees orNative representatives who,play no active productionrole.

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ICONCLUSION:

BASIS (FACTS):

ADDITIONAL- INFORRATI

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The "Materials Distribution" mode alreadydemonstrated via ATS-6 in the Rockies, shouldnot be ignored in future plannfn . (The "Materials

"Distribution" mode refers to usi g satellite T

to give people access to a film ibrary.)

It is possible to use satel to TV to transmit'canned" materials;

Satellite TV materials need nefthernor new;

Most villages have videotape recor

be "1 i ve "

r equipment;

- The time of transmission ne not coincide with

the time of viewing;

Materials Distri ion may be cheaper:, in the.long run, th physical transportation of tapesand films

WE WILL ANALYZE:

- Many of the programming ideas suggested bythe people at the "ESCD Participants Conferencemay realIN be "Materials Distribution" ideas.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Educational Materials

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CONCLUSION:

BASIS:

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Consistently high adult attendance qccurs only whenthe event is incorporated into the normal -sonallife of the village.

The following, comments come from the only village weknow of where there was consistently high attendanceat the Alaska Native gazine:

Everyone in the village goes to the AlaskaNative Magazine an the coffee hour. It7is --

followed by a movie, and sometimes they,servepopco'n;

- One night there was no coffee hour, but people..came anyway;

- Everyone in the village goes 4o every-cpmmupityactivity;

1-40nce a week was all that we watched;

Ille,satellite TV did not change life in the'*village for the adults -- it was just someadded amusement or a time to sit and visit

,together.

The following comments come from villages where therewas, in general, consistently low Alaska Native Magazineattendance: r 45*

- Different%villages have different activiees-eachnight such as bingo, movies in soMtiillages everynight,,etc.;

There's always something else. going on, likebasketball;

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- I wonder if the program couldn't be moved toThursday night since all the weeks seem to be

- busy except Thursday night;

- Run re-runs, or-shift Native Magazine;

- 'The reason why there are hardly any people watchingTV here is they started going to bingo inon Tuesday nights;

I think there should be more nights watch TV;

- The shOW on. whaling had quite a crowd, but mostpeople left when it got clbser,,to movie time;

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As the evenings get. lenger,*you.'d expect morepeople on TV night. But then there's bingo,and movies that night.

% ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:

- Attendance records in Utilization Aide logy.,

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MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Village

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CONCLUSION: Some adults would like to sample the programs thechildren see.

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BASIS: Reports by and interviews with Native residents ofESCD villages contained ti)e following comments:

Some of *us would like to see the health programsour children see. If we saw it they would getmore out of it;

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Maybe a good idea would be to show health programsbefore the Alaska Native Magazine;

It's a problem having health movies only Wthemorning. I haven't seen very many as I get myhousework done in the A.M. and work at the clinicin the afternoon. If the program continues .thetime should be changed, or is it up to the villageto ask the time .to be changed?

MANAGEMENT LEVEL : Vi 1 lage

v33

Practical Concepts Incorporated

CONCLUSION: Location of the TV set in the.school makes someadults uncomfortable.

BASIS:

5.

41.

Reports by and interviews with Native residents ofESCD villages Contained the following comments:

4V

- We feel uncomfortable in the school. We don'tbel ng there. It' 4. like the principal thinks

we re spying on him. After a while he got thei a and he doesn't come any more. He was trying

do the Utilization Aide's job. But finallyhe told him;

The school principal'is very pdssesiive of theequipment;

thought TV was for the Native people, but theywon't let us touch'it;

Adults do not feel welcome at Health programs;

I go to the Alaska Native Magazine just to showVillagers that it's theirs;

People want to watch the Alaska Native Magazinein (Native Language), but always watch inEnglish bedause of the teacher. I am,going tobring it up at the Village Council meeting.The Utilization Aide is too polite to go againstthe teacher;

Children are not allowed at the Alaska NativeMagazine, and husbands and wiyes.have to decidewhich of them would go watch TV and which wouldstay home and babysit;

We pushed hard from thd beginning to get one ofthe TY receivers in the village communitybuilding. Not only is the school "foreignterritory" but it is also physically inconvenient,and the chairs ,are small and uncomfortable;

Some- people want to watch in (Native Language),but we don't because the teacher wouldn'tunderstand;

The school for the adult program is definitelynot the place.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL:, Village

O

34Practical Concepts lAcorporated

11-23

CONCLUSION: -The Utilization Aide job must,be re-designed andre- named. It should be a "people" job involving

A leadership and-promotion, not a "hardware" job.

BASIS:

f

The consensus,of the ESCD Participant Evaluation7 Conference was that technological problems wereminimal.

The following comments made in reports by and. interviewsof Native residents in ESCD villages indicates that"Utilization Aide" should be a leadership job:

People want to watch the Alaska-Native Magazinein (Native Language), but-alwayS, watch in Englishbecause of the teacher. I am going to dying itup at the Village Council meeting. The-UtilizationAide is too polite to go against the teacher;

The Alaska Native Magazine started with only 3or 4 in attendance, and then went up to about 50.Part of the reason was that a sign announcing"live TV" was put up in the Northern CommercialStore;

I go to the Alaska NativeMagazine just to showvillagers that the TV. is theirs;

Shyness of the people made the people unwillingto talk;

- The school situation inhibited participation ofvillage.people in interaction;

Observations by CNER/PCI Staff: --.

- The one instance of consistently high AlaskaNative Magazine attendance resulted from actiontaken at the village level (hold coffee hour);

- Often the teacher or the Utilization Aide did the"interacting" and others did not talk over"interaction".

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:

-. Tapes of the ESCD Participant Evaluation Conferencegroup meetings where the Utilization Aides,Consumer Committee members and teachers discussedthe Utilization Aide job requirements.

MANAGEMENT LEVEL: Village3Practical Concepts tncorpor5ated

(

11-24

CONCLUSION1 The High School Problem, which many consider to beAlaska's most serious edUcational problem, was notWirectlY addressed by ESCD in Alaska.

ThR High School Problem: Many Alaskan villages'arenot large enough to support their own high schools,and therefore it has been commonplace for Nativesto spend their adolescent years in the lower forty-'eight on Indian reservations, in Alaska city-schools,or in Regional High Schools in towns like. Bethel.Cultural, educational and psychological problemsare documented and enormous.

BASIS (FACTS):

Recently some small high schools have been startedin villages such as.Tanana, Aniak and Angoon (toname three in the ESCD footprint), The question is:What use might be made of, satellite TV 4):

augment currenkt village high school 'curriculum;

- allow high schools in villages where there'ire,Adne. A

- Programs were all designed for either childrenor adults; although in at least, one instance theAlaska Native Magazine was used in high schoolclasses (Tanana).

- Planning took place before village high - schoolswere a reality.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WE WILL ANALYZE:

ti

- . It is not clear that Oe ESCD in Alaska willreshed light on the lfition of satellite TV to

the, "high school problem." We will try, however,to make some projktions. We have askedDr. Judith Kleinfeld of CNER, author of the boolC,A Long Way from Home which documents the "highschool problem" to help us in this regard.

Practical Concepts Incorporated 364

SUMMARY LIST OF TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS

4.

Practical'Concepts Incorporated

I

3.7

11-25

ir

E.. Summary List of Tentative Conclusions

POLICY LEVEL

- Giving access to high technology and taking it away createsresentment.

- Not all village resident perceptions of home televisionimpact on Alaskan village's are positive.

Parts Of rural Alaska may get some TV in the near futurewithout a satellite.

- An effect of demonstrations is to stimulate growiiqfr-organizations and to influence the directionofj.Wr growth.

.4.7

TECHNOLOGY LEVEL .

Offer more flexibility in the classroom than "realme" programs.

,

- Interaction was not given a fair chance to prove itsutility. 4

- Satellite TV color transmission is superb.

38. . Practical Concepts Incorporated

11-26

EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

I

T, Once you have lost an audience, it is difficult to get. baCk by improving your programs.

. / 1.

. --k -

- Using the current Alaska, Native Magazine format, whiteadministrators and city natives do not talk so villageaudiences can understand.

r

- Alaskans from one part of.ilaska do not necessarily enjoy'programs about other parts%

- There is definitely a demand fv adult health protrams.

- Under the current arrangement, the tone and flavor ofchildren's programs are determined largely by'whiteimprovised humor.

The "Materials Distribution" mode already demonstrated viaATS-6. in the Rockies, should not be ignored in futureplanning.

V.ILLAGE

. - Consistently high adult attendance occurs. only when the :

event is incorporated into the normal social life of thevillage.

Some adults would like toisample the programs, the childrensee'. 1

- Location -of-the TV set in the school makes some adultsuncomfortable.

- Utilizati n A e job must ,be re-designed and renamed.It should be a eople" job involving leadership andpromotion, not a "hardware" job.

- The High School, Problem, whiCh many consider to be 'Alaska's

most serious educational problem, was notNtrectly addressedby ESCD f Alaska .

Practical Concepts incorporated

1

9

.r

'CHAPTER THREE

SYNTHESIS OF VILLAGE REACTION TO ESCD

In this sectio9 you I/il find the comments, ideas, reactions and

anecdotes we have gathered from ESCD village to date. You will find'

all the cqmments used in the previous section to arrive at conclusions,

plus numerous- others. Many ideat , opinions and reactions are interesting,

but they have not led and may not lead to "conclusionsl,

A. The C Riract Letter.

t

A readjng of the "contract letter" which c*ntains the agreement made

between PCI staff and interviewers will help you understand Our

information gathering arrangement. A copy.of that (letter is included

in this chapter (see Pages 111-2 and 111-3).

B. Outline for Organizing Village Reaction to ESCD

Our treatment of reports by and interviews with Native residents of ESCD

villages has three stages:

.

1. The actual reports and interviews, which are kept bn file;

2.. Organizatjpn of the ideas, anecdotes and opinions by topic,such as

Alaska Native Magazine programming;

- Village Satellite TV.Use.

3. Formation of conclusions.

0

Following is the topic outline we are using for Stage #2. Use it as a

guide "for finding your way through the ideas, anecdotes and opinions

presented here.

40,

Practical ConceptsVicorporatedV-

bear

VER TY 'OF ALASKAFAIRBANKS. ALASKA 99701

-

,

In this letter I have tried to write down the agreement we made whenwe talked on November 12. If my understeding is different from-yoursplease say so. I will tell you how I can be reached at the end of thisletter.'

First things first: You will, receive $500 for work done between nowand the end of the Satellite TV Demonstration on May 14. It is probablethat your 'fin,a1 write-up will take place after the-,end of,the demonstration,in which case the work period .would extend to' June 1 or so.

.,

In general terms, the assignment I gaye you was \to record the reactionanxing residents of to the satellite TV demonstration. If satelliteTV is to meet the needs of people inthe bush and gf Native Alaskans Tin

--particular -' then we have:got to k1ow what pe e in places like,think about the demonstration; and about satel ite TV in. general.

Your job, then, is' to find out what parents, ch41-drens the communityin general and teachers are saying and oinking about:

The "Right On" health program' , zig)

t: The Basic Oral Language Development program

The Alaskan Native Magazine --7' ''.

- Satellite Televisionin general. CY

In addition we are interested inehow the peoVle of would liketo see satellite TV used, or how they would*, use it themsiWeT:

1 ,

Basic ways tp4find out the abbve are:

- Keep youir,eyes and ears open, and jot,down things,peoplesay. 4

Actively talk to parents, children, the community ingeneral, and teachers.

1

3

AO'

t. 6

.

The extent to which-you actively ask people for opinions is up to you.My guess is that once people find out you are interested in reactions tothe demonstration, and in ideas for how to use satellite TV, you will haveno trouble finding out what people think. You should make sure the opinions_and ideas of children, parents, ol d.lpeople , yoUng people,. and al 1 theimportant sectors of are represented.

During the course of re 'demonstration, we will be able to 'make theabove assignment more specific if. we? communicate regularly. That-way Iwi41 learn what is and is not possible in , you will know what Iexpect from you.

I think we decided on a monthly progress report, which I will respondto immediately. I would expect the progress report to Include:

1. How is the work proceeding? For example: are peopletalkirig a lot about the .demonstration, or does it looklike you will have to ,agively ask questions?

-74;2. Important events. For exampleP The village had a meetingr concerning satellite TV', or someone -threw the TV in the

river, etc.S

. 3. Problems and questions you have with the work.

4. Notes on conversitionsAyoU haye had, or co is you haveheard concerning l satellite. TV, the demonstra lon,, etc.

If you do the above regularly, then the final report will only requiresummarizing and interpreting.

The first progress report is due on December 20. I will understand ifthe first report is sketchy, s.ince getting started will probably be slow.Please do not spend too much time on the progress reports, They need not befancy or particularly neat.

o

I will visit you at least .twice during the demonstration. Once inJanuary 'or February, and. then 'again nethe end.

Remember, if there is anYthing in this letter you do not understandor agree with, wrilte me.

.

LIZ

'1

OUTLINE FOR ORGAN ZING VILLAGE REACT ON TO ESC6-

VILLAGE REACTION TO-'PROGRAMS

A: Alaska Native Magazine:

1. General approach: general comments, interview format,region-focused topics;

2. Idas for'new approaches;'

3. Comments on specific programs.

B. "Right On" and BOLD:

1. Comments by Village residents;

2. Suggestions from Village residents abqut.future programming;

3. Comments by teachers;

4. Observations by PCI staff.

II. VILLAGE USE OF SATELLITE TVC

. A. Alaska Native Magazine:

1. Competition with other activities;

2. Incorporation into Village social life;

3. The effect of direct contact with program production;.t

4. Pre-program information;

5. Placement of TV in the school.

B. "Right On" and BOLD:

1. ,Comments by Village usidents: how the programs are used,adult desire to see Me programs;

2. Comments by teachers : .general, VTR_and "liven

interaction, supplementary materials;

3. The effect of direct contact with program prction.

III. TELEVISION AND THE FUTURE

A. Village Resident Comments ph Removal of ATS-6 TV

B. Access to Other Media

C. Prospects for on-Satellite TV

D. .Speculations on he Effect of TV in Every Home

43Practical Concepts Incorporated

r

C. Synthesis of Village ReactionJ,to ESC

Sir?ce the Demonitration ended only weeks ago, and our information

gathering is still under way, our'information on villageeaction

ESCD is only partially analyzed. Major sources of information not

included in. this synthesis are:

- Logs kept by Utilization Aides in.the ESCD villages. Theseare especially important because they contain attendanceinformation.

- Tapes of an "Evaluation Conference" attended by UtilizationAides, Consumer Committee members, and teachers from theESCD villages (see Appendix B for some information on theConfeMice).

(3,

Subsequent reports will combine the above information with the information

presented here.

The following synthesis of reports by, and interviews with Native residents

o'rfive ESCD.villages (Tanana, Aniak, Chuathbaluk, Angoon and Allakaket)

is a composite of 22 sources which include:

- 12 reports written by Native observers and interviewers;

- 10 observation and interview visits by PCI'staff.

44Practical Concepts Incorporated

-r

0141/17r7.

I. VILLAGE REACTION TO PROGRAMS

a

)s

45

Practical Concepts Incorporated

A

6

I. VILLAGE REACTION TO PROGRAMS

A. ALASKA NATIVE MAGAZINE

1. General Approach -- general comments,:

The people I have talked to enjoy. the Satellite TV;

. The programs have been pretty good lately [May '75];

-,-- Everyone seems 4atrly-happy about .the Programs;

, . I don't believe that satellite TV changed life at all 4

in . There are not that many people who watchthe programs with a great amount of interest;

. The Alaska Magazine improved after a consumer meetinglast April with some Utilization Aids thrown in;

. Programmers should come out to the village andobsey've how we:live, not for a brief stay but a longone and try to walk in our shoes;

They give us what they want, and We don't have anythingto say about it.

Genera.1*Approath -: interview format:

The teacher is the only one in town who understandsthe'"high" words;

. Even people whose English is pretty good can't under-stand the bureaucrats;

. The worst fdr us were the interviews except for a fewof them and the Governor's Inaugural Speech. Most peopleback home are not use to fast talking and big words.The word game is not our thing -- very-few garrulouspeople at home. They believe in saying as much aspossible wtth a few words,.

Practical Concepts Incorporated

/7"

111-7

I. Village Reaction to Programs,A. Alaska Native Magazine (cont.)

V

General. Approach -- region-focUsed topics:

. The programs are usually not relevant to our area;

. In the interior we are not interested in things like"LiMited Entry;"

. Orograms'are always onothe.Southeast or SouthWestr;

. Minto, Minto, Minto [a town in the interior447- that'sall we ever hear.

2. Ideas for-New Approabhes:

More entertainment;

. Wide World of Sports;

syjs

. There has been a lot of people talking about having thesatellite used for specials such as football games,championship dog races, Land Claims Act lessons-, andprograms on the language and culture of Alaska;

. Land Claims College courses such as Accounting;

. We need health programs for adults. I have two kids witheye= problems; but I don't know what to do about, it;

. Use satellite to help parents use sign language to talk.to deaf children. My child uses sign language, but Idon't know how;

. World news from the "outside;"

. NBC shows.

Practical Concepts Incorporated

-

.II I -8

I. -Village Reaction to Programi,A. Alaska Native Magazine (cont.)

.3. Comments on Specific Programs:

I. hope there is something on the Iditerod Race on TV. There fare quite a few people that would like to see that, on TV;

The real interesting thing we saw on TV is the dog ratersthat went to Nome, and we hope to see them again some time;

Some would like to see the Iditerod Dog Sled Race that'scoming up next month live;

Dog races and other sports. Also different dances andtraditional goings on;

The people that saw the Russian Xmas on TV were very excitedabout it;

After they shoved Russian Orthodox Christmas people came tosee themselves; .

ye.

The turnout for the Alaska Natiye Magazine has been poor with theexception of one night when films were shown of the U.S. Coast'Guard bombarding our village. That brought 30. or 40 people;

. We enjoyed seeing the different.lifestyl;es of different villagesin Alaska: Also the dog races was a big hit --too bad theycouldn't have more coverage;

We liked the Eskimo dancers from King Island;

. The one last night was good about Emil,y Brown. The shows I'veseen lately were real good maybe because they were Eskimos;

, Some wanted more programs about the pipeline, and it seemslike the men were very interested in the pipeline;

. .1 wish we could see the film again about that whale hunting.It was very interesting and the people that were there enjoyedit very much since we never see whale hunting.;

I think it Would be very interesting to see a program about-what Calista is doing;

. The Fur Rendezvous;

-74:: I wonder if'thp staff would want to take movies while the iceis moving during-break-up;

Show a debate on the Alaska State Operated School System; '

I-would like to see an interview with the Governor of Alaska;

Practical Concepts/

Incorporated 4S

"-I. Village Reaction to Programs,,=Alaska Native Magazine,

. 3. Comments on Specific Programs (cont.)I

.Communications between villages should take place throughsatellite TV;

. Programs on trapping and snaring;

.. --Programs on watef and fire safety.

,,,,,,,,,,t,

'I. ....

<

'49

,Practical Concepts Incorporate

./c.f

41-

1114'1 0

--.I.T-Village-Reaction to Programs (cont.)

J3. 'RIGHT ON" AND BOLD

'

. Comients by Village Residents:

. Some children are interested in movies they show onN. But some are not_interested;

4 o

dative stufftlor kids is-no big dealer Sesame Street isjust fine;

. Showing Sesame Street and Electric Company raised_standards so that ATS-6 looked bad;

. BOLD is too easy;

. lbp kids are bored with the programs;

ThVChristmas program wasn't very good for the smallershildren. I watched some of it and the kids didn't enjoyit;

-Some teachers wrote'another to see about getting "Right On"4 and BOLD off the air;

was up to watch TV with pre-sChoolers on March 18th.There was a program where'a'lady was reading a story from.a book. These kinds of 'programs don't hold the children's

--interest. They were running around and not paying any'attention to the TV, and as soon as the-program "Amy andthe Astros" cme on they were all eyqs and ears;

. My two boys seem to enjoy the 2 programs a week;.

.... ..Get a different group to run the thing instead of NorthWest Lab. ..... , .-

,-.

A

50--Practical Concepts Incorporated

a.

s.

cr.

.1.

1.- Village Reaction to Programs,"Right OW! and -BOLD (cont.)

2. Suggestions from Village Residents-about.Future ,Programming:

r

. Children should see educational shows, hot violence.like we have at the movies;

. General Electric program would be nice for the pre-,school kids and violence is not'a good thing for kids

_ of any; age to see. They are seeing more than their

.share at home right now.

3. Comments by Teachers:

. At first I put up with "Right On" 'and BOLD becauseI didn't want to get in the way of access to moreand better. Then I found that the shows improved,and are not half bad;

The programs have been helpful in terms of gettingthe. children to speak in complete sentences;

. Some of the teacher training via satellite TV isgood, and I particularly enjoyed some teachertraining programs which come over ATS-1.

YIP

51

Practical Concepts Incorporated

.

111-12

. 1411'age Re ction to Programs,'Right On" and BOLD (cont.)

4. Obseriations by PCI Staff:.

. "Right On" Health Programs

At the end of the opening song.some chjldren raisedtheir fists and shouted "Right On!" along with thechildren on-screen;

They are very attentive to the puppets (Rex theMoose and Charlie the Beaver, etc.), and jump atevery thane to answer back to the TV set;

They all cheered, or booed maybe, at the appearanceof the "Germ" puppet, a pink-orange ball with amouth and stringy things hanging all over it;

(

There was lots of movement, of course, but no signs

D of boredom until a human nurse started giving healthadvice.. One topic that appeared to bore the childrenwas how to compute a wind-chill factor.

. BOLD

Childr n cheer when the program comes on. They sing

alon ith Amy, answer the questions Amy asks, andrep at the sentences Amy says;

t All requestsfor participation get enthusiasticresponse from the-younger children.

4 f

e eral Observations,

- Older children are not interested;.

- There seems to be a class size beyond which TVloses effectiveness;

- White children seem just as interested as Natives.

,52

Practice Concepts Incorporated

I

II. VILLAGE USE OF SATELLITE TV

r.

Practical. Concepts Incorporated

7(

. "VILLAGE USE OF SATELLITE TV

A. --ALASKA NATIVE MAGAZINE

1. Competition with Other Activities:

. -1iifferent villages have different activities eachnight,such as bingo, movies in some villages everynight, etc.*;

. There's always something else going on,_ like basketball; ,

. I wonder if the program co.uldn't be moved to Thursdaynight since all the weeks seen to be busy exceptThursday night;

. Run re-runs, or shift Native Magazine;

The reason why there is hardly any people watching TVhere is they started going to bingo in onTueiday nights;

. I think there should be more nights to watch TV;

. The show on whaling had quite a crowd, bur-most peopleleft when it got closer to movie time;

. As the evenings, get longer you'd expect more people onTV nights. But then there's bingo and moVies thatnight;

. The night I attended might not have been typical sincethere was a conflicting event in the community [atraveling theatre group];

The best time for adults is after 7:00 p.m.

.5 i:Practical Concepts Incorporated

fi ° c

II. Village Use of. Satellite TV,.

Maska Native Maga;ine (cont. )c

4

. Incorporation into Vil age Social Life [the comments below,are all from cone village]:

-.EVeryone_in the Village goes to the Alaska Native:Magazine and the coffee hour. It is followed by amovie, and sometimes they serve,popebrn;

. One -night there was no coffee hour; but people came

,anyway;

Everyone iri the Village goes to every commuity 'dtivitY;ti

. The satellite .TV did not :change life in the village forthe adults; it,was just some added amusement or a timeto sit and visit together. . -

.

L ...

\

3. The Effect af Direct Contact with Program Produciion:

The,2nd week of January was a week of celebration of theRuSsian Orthodox Christmas, the thing that W so excitingwas the visitors from the Alaska Native Maga e -- MollyMc4mmon, Mark Badger, Richard Kahn. EVery .was at the.,

new gym here in Aniak waiting for the singers to get herefrom Chuathbaluk to celebrate the event at the- gyth. While,

waiting for the crew from ANM to set up their cameras to-take movies of the event, I.explained to the people that e

were wondering what was going on- that they wefe"going to.be on TV when the crew retuthedjo Fairbanks and made thefilm into. movies. Everyone was so excited. We got wordthat the movies on the Orthodox Christmas will be on TVnext Tuesday, February 4th. Things like this will gather

i a crowd to watch TV;

I am looking-forward to ieeing-'neict week's'program;-I think it will be the one the 3 people made;

. . There was some guys thit came to take some picturesTV and everybody. seemed excited about it. That was last

Anonth during Russian Christmas. _

55 -

Practical Conceptincorporated

II. Village Use.ofA. Alaska Native Magazine (bnt.) .

4,4

4. PreProgram Information:

. The Alaska Native Magazine started with only 3_, or 4 #.

in attendance, and th4aileient up to about 50. Part of :'.14,r4i. .

the reason was, that a sign announcing. "live TV" wasput up in the Northern Commercial" store; )0

. When we knsow 'something interesting.is going to be onthere are a few people;

It has been suggested that a brief summary be given'a week ahead of the nexfprogram so that people willknow what is being talked abut ahead of time, andmake an extra effort to attend the program;

. People won't go see TV unless they know what is goingto be oh; ,

The same crowd watches TV and they seem to enjoy it.

56'PracticaI Concepts Incorporated

II. Village Use of Satellite TV,A. Alaska Native Magazine (cont.)

*a.

5. Placement of TV in the School:

We feel uncomfortable in.the school. We don't belong there.It's like the principal thinks wei're spying on him. Aftera while he got the idea and,he doesn't come,any more. Hewas trying to.do the Utilization Ai'de's job: But finallystie. told him;

. The school principal is very possessive of the equipment;I a .

. I thought TV was for the Native people, but they won't let.us touch it; .

Adults do not feel welcome at Health prograMs;_

. I go to'the Alaska Native Magazine joist to show Villagersthat it's theirs; .

. People want to-watch the Alaska Native Magazine in Yupik,but always watch in..inglish because of the teacher. I am

going to bring it up at the Village Council meeting. The

Utilization Aide is too polite to go against the teacher;

. Children are not allowed at the Alaska Native Magazine,and husbands and wives have ta decide which of them would,go watch TV and which would stay home and babysit;

. Only School Advisory Board members get invitations toiwatchPolytalk program at.the school;

We pushed hard from the beginning to get one of the TVreceivers in the Village community building. Not only isthe school "foreign territory", but it is also physicallyinconvenient, and the 'chairs are small and uncomfortable;

a

. Some people watt #o watch {n,(- ative Language), but' we

don't because the teacher wOuldn.l.t understand;

. The school for the adult program is definitely not the place.

Practical Concepts Incorporated 57

I II-71 7

. .

. ,

II. Village Use of Satellite.TV.

B. "RIGHT ON" AND BOLD

.t

1. Comments by Village Residents -- how the'programeare used:

V

. 'Everydne in the school watches all the programs;

. All of the studentrs7(40-56-in-the lower school (grades1-4) attend both instruction TV programs on Monday and,Frid9Y;

The pre-school to 1st and,2nd graders are the only. ones that watch morning programs;

.

. The third graders don't stay because the program istoo 'easy;

. BOLD is videotaped to use with kindergartners;

. Pre-schoolers come in to watch videotapes of BOLD;

. The Health series is viewed by all of the students in--the elementary' grades;

. Children of school age and under watch during schoolhours to give them a break;1

. One teacher has his contemporary problems class watchthe Alaska Native Magazine program -- they view the.tape (this takes two class periods),then they discussissues that are relevant.... I sat in on'a discussion

_that was held aftr they viewed the program on the41ipeline. ,The kids asked about how people were- hiredfor the slope, what types of jobs were in demand, andwhat training was necessary. I feel that they are more..aware about what is going on around the State because. -

they'are exposed to a variety of topics on ANM.

it.

.58

Firactical Concepts Incorporated

III-18

Village Use of Satellite TV,B. "Right On" and BOLD (cont.)

Comments by Village Residents -- adult desire to seethe programs:

. 'Some of us would like to see the health programsour children see. If we saw what they do, they could

...

t.

get more out of it;

. Maybe, a good idea would be to show health proigramsbefore the Alaska Native Magazine;

. It's a problemhaVing health movies only in.themorning. I haven't seen very many as I get my house-work done in the A.M, and work at the clinic in theafternoon. If the program continues the time shouldbe changed, or'is it up to the Village. to ask thetime to be changed?'

And the older children 'should get to watch TV, notjust the pre-schooll 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th graders.

. 5'9

Practical Concepts Incorporated

II. Village Use of Satellite Ty,Br. "Right On" and BOLD (cont.)

,11

\ L-

2. Comments by Teachers general:

. Satellite TV is an attention-getter, and that's half thebattle;

. It would be nice if the TV set were mobile;

. It seems like the programs Work much letter when olderchildren are not around;

. It seems like the programs work much better when the'children'sit around the TV set rather than in "classroom forMation."

Comments by Teachers -- VTR ana "14eness":1$ t

. I like a VTR much better. There's more variety, and I canchoose the time;

. "Live" programs sort of interrupt;

It's better than VTR. I haye no control of what I getJ over VTR;

. When there's news, etc., the satellite is definitely anadvantage. Otherwise there's no difference;

VTR is better because-you-can stop in the middle.

Comments by Teachers -- intera tion:

a

Kids have lost interest in 'interaction";

a

. The interactive portion of the two instructional programs isvery ineffective. The children do not ,pay attention andusually the set is simply turned off.

Comments by Teachers -- supplementary materials:

. Someone still sends out additions to,the SupplementaryMaterials as if 4hey were being used; 4",71, programs take up so much of you day already; there'sno 'time for the supplementary stuff.

60Practical Cpncepts Incorporated

4,

111-20

II. Villa'ge Use of Satellite TV,B. "Right On" and BOLD (cont.)

L,.

3. TWelffect of Direct Contact with Program Production:

Rex Taylor sent a bust of Zeon for the,pre-school,1st and 2nd graders to share and paint/together.They were all happy about it;

r.

. I received the puppet that Joe Princiotte made andI'm sure the kids will be excited to see it when

, bring it to school:

II 1 a to . 1 .1*

61

Preface! Concepts Incorpotited

I Jai,

Jee

III. TELEVISION AND THE FUTURE

--,til-. -

(--

)

. 4I V .1 1 tr,4

r-

6.2,..,

Practical Cdncepts incorporated

9 r. c.

t

r

t

10

.... .1 t ,

t

111-21

III. TELEVISION AND THE FUTURE

it. VILLAGE RESIDENT COMMENTS ON REMOVAL OF ATS-6 TV:

fr

. 4It's good to share things, but,itseems like there's moreAwing to the foreign countriescthah;:our Alaska;

. I have a question. Is someone going to buy. the ATS-6 satellite?'And are they the ones who are doing to try to make it apermanent program?;

. Anything new on getting another satellite?;

. People want to know the reason why it is being taken, and ifwe will ever get it back;

. TV for one year is at least something. Usually we don't get.anything;

. I never heard anyone say we had it just until June;

. -Having things-given and taker( away is normal here;

. If it's not going to,be here for good, why bother?

. The Village doesn't know when the TV is leaving;

..._ ____±7 ,..,I

"". I don't feel it'is fair to give people some TV for a demon-stration and then have it taken away after a certain periodof"time. It would be particularlyunfair if the TV was, verysuccessful in attracting a lot of lewers. That would be likegiving a dag a bone for only a mine and then taking it away;

I had no idea that it was here only for a demonstration. Theremay be quite a number.of other. people who don't know what is-going on either;

Teacher: ,I have no idea what is to be done with the equipmentafter the demonstration;

63Practical Concepts Incorporated

a.

111-22

-111. Television and the FutUgh,

Village Resident Cothments on Removal of ATS-6 TV (cont.)

I told a few people from the beginning that the satellite--would be sent to India May 16th, 1975;

. -We don't believe it will return since it cost so muchtoput it there in the first place;

. It was nice to be able to see a TV set work out in thebush even a short time.. It was a good example to showifyou know the right people' and pull the right strings you.could get money from the government for just about anything;

. -my suggestion would be to 'Nave the sets in the villagesfor video tape TV, if there must be TV -- much cheaper foreveryone.

ti

64 .

Practical Concepts Incorporated

III-23

III. Television\and the Future (cont.)

B. , ACCESS TO OTHER MEDIA

1. VTR:

. .Parents who come to the schoci for one reason or anotherbring their children to watch "Sesame Street" and spoits,programs on VTR;

. There is some pirating of football games and other sportingevents. They are recorded in Fairbanks or Anchorage onvideotape.and sent to the Villages for viewing on theschool VTR;

. Almost all schools have VTRs and libraries of SesameStreet, etc.;

. The obstacle in the way of vide-spread VTR use is the priceof blank tapes.

2. Movies:

In , movies are'shown in individual homes for an,admission rate of $1.50-$2.00;

. Most Villages have a movie operation, and movies are sh2-3 times a week;

co Many of the Movies ar4 westerns and war movies with lots ofviolence;

. Kids used to walk to to go to the movies, andI set up Movies here.so they wouldn't run away,or get lost.I am afraid the same thing will happen if they get TV andwe' don't.

65

ti

Practical Concepts Incorporated

4

:ILI -24

III-. Television and the Fpture,B.', Access to Other Video Hledia.(cont:

3. Some V llages Have No Ele tricity in the Homes:

.There is no electricity in the Village except for the:school, and they have to keep the lights on all thetime to run the generators down;

. - The electricity ,is down now, and I don't know whenwe'll get it back;

There used to be electricity in the Village, but notany more.

4. Telephone' Service:

We stillneed a good telephone system put in everyvi llage.

Aftw

/,\ PrActicancepts Incorporate0..

III-25

III. Television and the Future (cont.)

C. PROSPECTS FOR NON-SATELLITE TV

Aniak is still waiting to get TV through Bethel. As theKYUK radio TV staff said, Only God knows when we will getit, since they are over-spent on their budget."

People are more interested in T'from Bethel than ATS-6;

. People in Aniak have. started buying TVs in a -"you try itfirst" way'

. Aniak has been paying dues for a while now to the BethelTV Movie Club;

. There's some interest from Aniak in Bethel TV forChuathbaluk. $2,000 or something must be put up;

. Nikolai gets three channels of TV at:the Community Center.(Anchor'age TV?);

. Galena gets Air Force TV from the base there;t

,. A man at White Alice in Tanana put up an-a -Lai and.gets TV;

There has been.a rumor around for several years that TV iscoming to Angoon, and the expectation runs high. At leastseveral familiestalready have TV sets..

67

Practical Concepts, Incorporated

111-26

r,

III. Television and the Future (cont.)

-1). SPECULATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF TV IN EVERY HOME

. TV in every home would ruin the social life;

. People wouldn't go visiting;

. People would be interested for a while, but like everythingelse it would get old;

. I believe that after most people got accustomed to a TV intheir homes, not much of a change would be seen. They wouldmost likely return to the type of life they led beforereceiving a TV;

. Galena has Air Force TV, but life and people are about thesame;

. A TV in every home would surely change things if they Couldwatch programs like those shown on NBC-, etc. It may make abig-change it the lifestyles of some people for a briefperiod and then wear off; ,

Other than_picklhg up some of the sling and. jokes used onTV I don't feel it would change the people's language. The

people in get to see quite a number of movies so..this should not be all that new;

1 la. . .4(

. They'd block-out the46, li

a,

. It would/keep children home with something to watolt. Parent:.

would save a little money since the price of a movie,i$ getWgso high like everything else;

,',t

People who could afford TV would have neighbors who couldn't'afford one;

-,-. Teacher§ are afraid kids will become vegetablIes.

68Practical Concepts Idcorporated

II

' 111-2/

III. Television and the Future,. D. Speculationson the Effect of TV in Every Home (cont.)

,

A

. We don't think it's feasible to have the TV. back in rural' villages again. To begin withl is a lot of money

to spend in such a short time. We would much rather thana-good air strip. If it means paying' more taxes for thegovernment to spend foolishly like that than no way dowe want the TV back;

. Once a week was all that we watched and I womldn't want tosee more TV than thAt being seen in our village. Otherwisesewing would be neglected

beingsled making and all the

necessary things that still go on in our village tp make-it the village that it is now. If we had TV every day itwould disrupt our life style beyond repair.

a

. As I said our life style would be deroyed and I believewe would turn to welfare, etc. -- all bad;

Maybe some homes would, be able to limit when the setcould be watched -- but very few. Our people's way oflife has changed drastically within, the last 20 years andthey are still in the'midst of being unsettled. The lawthe state passed about every child has to go to schooluntil 16 years old is what did it. Having to live inone place has changed the people so much it has done awaywith a lot of traditional living and subsisting off theland. Now the Land Claims Settlement Act is helping to

'cause unease, bad feelings and acts;

. It baffles me every time I :think of people being scared ofsomething different. Variety is more interesting. Whydoes the minority have to be bowled over by the dominatinggroup. We like the way we liVe and would-like to remainas such for as little time that we have left. We know thatmore changes will take place. What the dominating societycalls progress is complete ruin to our life style.

.1N

Practical Concepts'Incorporated

.4.

.{

4 APPENDIX A: THUMB-NAIL SKETCH OF CASE VILLAGES

4-

.4

a

Practical Concepts IncorpOV

APPENDIX A

THUM-NAIL SKETCH OF CASE VILLAGES

The source for the following "Site Surveys" js the Alaska Governor's

Office of Tel The sourdejor the "Villager Profiles"

is Community Profiles in Alaska for the Joint Federal -State Land Use

Planning Commission, by Art Patterson, by Art Patterson, Resource

Planning Team, October 1973.

ti

/10

a

MO.

Practical Concepts Incorporated

A-2

SITE SURVEY'

ALLAKAXET.8/16/73

""S

/y.

Allakaket is located on the Royukuk River abolit175 miles r.orthwest of Fairbanks. The villag4 is onthe south bank of the river and has an unobstructedview to the Aouth.

The 3-room school is located about 200 yards behindths The school building is of frame' constructionwith a g'aSle roof. The area immediately surrounding theschool is cleared of trees, and anywhere south or eastof the school in the cleared area gives a clear view ofthe-satellites. However, these are also playground areas;so fencing would be required around ground-matinted antennas.

The ground in this area appears to be a mixture ofsand, silt, and light, ravel. Local people indicate thepermafrost level in the cleared school ground area exposedto the sun is four -to five feet down.

The village has an ATS-I installation alieay. Thisis located in a house about 200 yards behind the schooland is presently.connected to the school by a cable pair.

BASE INSTALLATION

.Installation of the ATS-F receive-only antenna basewas accomplished on Octobet 10, 1973. ,gt the time of theinstallation, the - surface of the ground-was frozen to a .

depth of 3 inches. After the surface was -broken with apick, a power auger was used to bore anchor holes down tothe permafrost level which turned out to be three feet down.8-inch expandable anchors with 5/8" threaded rods were set onthe permafrost layer. After backfilling the anchor holes,the 6" x 8" timbers were drilled for the anchor rods and

.

counter bored to set the nuts below the surface of the tim-bers so the rods could be cut of flush with the mountingsirface.

72

as

A-3

SITE SURVEY ,

as.

RUSSIAN MISSION (CHUATHBALUX) 5/25/71

.Russian Mission or Chuathbaluk is located on the

Kuslpkwim River about nine miles f;om Aniak. The nameChuathbaluk has been selected as a new name for the village,to avoidzconfusion with'the village of Russian Mission onthe Yukon River. However, in the Bethel area, the villageon the Kuskokwim is usually referred to. as "Little Russian'Mission" or"Lilple Russian." The village is situated onthe north bank of the river and has an unobstructed view tothe south across the Kuskokwim Plain.

The State-operated village school is located on aknoll overlooking the village to the east and the river tothe south. The antenna could be located anywhere along thesouth side of the school which is on'the brow of a steepslope to the river. A good idcation would be at the top ofthe slope between the teacher's residence and the schoolbuilding. The ground in this area has recently been; dug upfor sewers and was being leveled at the time' of this survey.The ground is a mixture of silt and sand which appears topack hard but should provide easy digging or augering.

The village does not have a runway but is accessible byfloat plane. Freight can also be brought to the village' byboat from Aniak. This would require making arrangements withsomeone in the village to pick the freight up. There is asmall sawmill near the,village which can cut timbers to orderif'required.-

Weather (or river freezing) coufd,create problems ingetting equipment to the village. Otherwise, no other unusualdifficulties are foreseen. 4.

73

4

0

#

A-4SITi. SURVEY

TA ;ANA 6/15/73

Tanana, is located west of Fairbanks near the' / ;'confluenCe of the Tanana and Yukon Rivers. Tanana isthe location of the area's Alaska. Native Health ServiceHoSpital and will be the focal point of the NativeHealth Service experiments. Tanana receives/6-day perweek- service from Wien Airlines.

The main- hospitalbuilding faces,Suth with anunobstructed view across the Yukonver. Because ofthe nearness of other buildings, the antennas will hayeto be located at -the front of the hospital building.Because this is &public area,' protective fencing ofsome sort will be required. .Another problem might becreated,by-,the presence of cars in the hospital driVe-

.

way. This could be avoided by selecting a location farenough away from the- driveway to look over the traffic,restricting parking, or raising the antennas on a plat-form. The'school in Tanana is located acbut 360 feet

ft east of the hospital. Phone and-pbwer lines passingthe hospital come near enough to the school to use thosepoles for lines between the hospital arid the school.In fact; a line from the school to the ATS-I transceiverat the= hospital is installed at present. The radio roomin the hospital has sufficient space for the transmit-only and receive-only indoor units.

'7 4

1

O

A-5

SITE SURVEY

AMAX 7/25/73,

iAniak is located on the Kuskokwim River about 90

miles northeast of Bethel. With the exception of some .

low hills to the north of the village, it is surroundedby many miles of tlat land. The village has telephoneservice and a 5000 ft. runway. Wien Airlines has threescheduled flights per week into the village.

Aniak has one school (State operated.) The buildinghas a flat. roof. The satellite angle- from the roof of

-,.the school is unobstructed. From the-ground, the look-angle is intercepted by a few willow-type trees. Theteacher's residence is attached tO the school. Theground is a mixture of river silt, sand and light gravel.Digging or augering should be no problem if accomplished°before the ground becomes frozen.

The village also has .a community center locatedabout 300 yards east ofthe school.

Aniak appears to offer no unusual hindrances toantenna or equipment installation.

*

Installation of the ATS-F receive only antenna base -was not accomplished at, this time (10/23/73). It wasdetermined necessary to mount the antenna on the roof of theschool- or to build a taatform, as the satellite view wasobstructed from the ground. The Aniak school has a flatroof with 27 x 6" stringers on 16' centers. Application has

- been made to'State-Operated Sbhools in Anchorage for/permission -to install a roof mount in Aniak.. 4-

:*A-6.

SITE SURVEY

ALLAELEET 8/16/73

Allakaket is located on the-Koinikuk River about175-miles-northest of Fairbanks. he village is onthe south bank of the riverland has an unobstructed-view to the south:

The 3 -room school is located about 200 yards.behindthe village. The school building is of frame constructionwith a gable roof. 'The area immediately surrounding theschool is cleared.of trees, and anywhere south or eastof the school in the cleared area gives a clear view ofthe satellites. However, these are also playground areasso kencing would be required around ground-no9nted antennas.

The ground in this area appears to be a mixture ofsand, silt, and light gravel. Local people indicate the .

permafroSt level in the cleared school ground area exoosedto the sun ps four to five feet down.

The .village has an ATS-I installation already.This is located in a house but 200 yards behind theschool and is'presently connected to the school by acable pair.

4

A-7

SITE SURVEY

ANGOON 7/18/73

(Angoon is located on a peninsula between ChathamStrait and Kootznahoo Inlet. The high ground on the

insula is probably not over 200 feet, and most of theunoccupied land is wooded with spruce.

There are two schools-in AngOon. The original school,an old frame building, is used for grades K through 4.The new school, for grades 5 through 8, is a single story,,building.with a shallow-pitch pe,aked roof.

The new school would be the best location ,for the TVreceiver. since it has several rooms capable of holding alarge number of viewers. Antenna mounting on the roof ofthe new school would be a simple matter as the pitch isvery shallow. The roof is constructed of heavy deckingon wooden beams. A more accurate survey, however, isrequired to determine the feasibility of this antennalocation. The look-angle from the school is right intothe trees on-the slope behind the school and may evenintercept the top of the hill. This area is scheduled tobe cleared for new ho sing. While the housing projectcould eliminate the t ee problem; it might also introducenew problems in the f rm of buildings. Again, only a moreaccurate survey and in ion pan answer these questions.

Asecond possible antenna loc4tion is next to the newCity Hall building'which is under construction. Fromthis location the look-angle is.iniercepted by-the topsof a few trees which will probably lbe removed for the newhousing, Because of the 'roughness of the ground at thispoint, it appears that a raised wooden platform might beeasier and more economical for antenna mounting than groundclearing and beveling. The new City Hall is about 500 feetfrom the new school.

Other sites looked at were the city power plant and'the RCA microwave site. The power plant is in the mostclear ,area/ however, it is several hundred feet furtherfrom the school than the City Hall. The RCA site-is sub-rounded closely by woods except for paths cleared for theRCA microwave 'dishes. The RCA site is also more distantfrom the school than' is thd City Hall.

4.

LOCATION, AND REOTON

Let,

66° 341NLene. 152* 39'U

Tig. 20M Roc.. 24V Mar. Pairbanks

On S. bank of KoyukukRiver Sit

of its junction with Alatne'Rlvar

Kanuti Plats.

See Aletea

--

C

POPULATION

1950

79 1960 115

1970

174

Total Native, ii ,q 168

Native Enconrentt Apra 1973

Enucarated

136

maim.; 166

CoVERNMENT

Including Aratti"--7

Local

Traditional

Roreugh Pporral/d

To/visite

Surveyed 7/28/72

Elec. Dlstt Old

18

Mew

15

Census Division Tukon -Koyukuk

tsEgiVATION

including Alatnat

Adainistration State Operated

Craters offered

1-8

Enrolled (19717:74) 42

CMVUNITY lTILITIES-F: CILITIES

Water ieurce/syStesknality anal

Surface - river, and coutoolty

ww11.--lirtned 1ft 1961, since

froxen and nut in use.

Sewerage systen/disposalt

Privies.

4.

?overt

Comaunity powers State

school has Its own genectitar.

Corzunity SIdg,YoliChurches 1

tplaco;m1

Doyon Litolted

Ratio* Corporation

Routtingt

USIMIS Prowls, and Hove Environmental

Health Survey avallable on 28 house..

One council and one school sorvos botheoutsu

%Attlee; choir social life is intotutnilsd.

TRANSPORTATION -COMIUNICATION

Pairbonks approx. 200 el. to tho SR.

Airport; Lac /corrsinity

Close Cly, Kiev 643 noitcom/Ltg

Lgth A Surf

1,090

Crave

Bush plane based/comnunityL_Jot

.

Londt; Road/trail/ran/connections

Winter trails to NoWlics and nuslia, and

to Rettles.

Valor*

Fargo /terry /harbor /dock

Barge 'Orvieto in open galloon. 'A single

barge trip is Made timed to take advsn-'

tags of the high water during Juno.

Radio Trans. call ltrt

Telephone-Statewldo NO

STATE/ECO. Anrl. A HILITARY

Stat. school, Post Wilco

COIMRCIA1c1)11AMIAL

General (tout:amity) Store.

Vintages storp

4

liANTOVER-

'lisp

loye

ent

win

ing

at N

os n

iter.

oA

LLA

XA

VIT

OZNISItart

Datogrdet

flood hatterd is high; stream overflowotermafrost,.er stow.

Episcopal ulealon eatabliehed in 1906.

APoet Office

was ootubliohod in 1925.

.

t

A flood occurred irk 1964. when the water reached a peak of three

foot atlovo the boardwalk.

Deelarod eligible. Native Cletus Battlement Ac, 12/18/71.

fatamts

Metallic*

Mono reported or considered

liks,ly to be found.

Vonuotallict

Ndne otiPorted or considered

likely to be found.

Coals

None-reported or casIdared likely to

be found.

MI121E2r+

None knowni in eastern Kobuk

Erutacnous provincot.not

evaluated.

.

YISIIERLES- Subsistent.* Orono&

Om, Ralson. sucker, sheeileh,

whi

tefis

h.

V71.01JFE--,Subsistignats

Slack/

Anion bear, beaver, caribou, red

.tos, two. laud ottor, lynx',

csrtn; corm°, tuftritt, porcupine;

usage'. unit. volverino, tail

sheep, ducks, geese. pternIpan/

.

spruco hen.

rohilTs...vEcnrATioa-- Subsistence*

north." (blue,

almon/.

W-tone

s. wild thuLtb.

Xi,bor

uued fur fuel, housing, and hone

utility.

co

p

e

VC

LOCATION A' :D STG103

I-U.57'30'R

Long. 135.35'17

Tica51,1

Mor.Sonner R#

On 9 cow: of Admiralty Island. 41

mi. NE of S1t'ea4. Alec. Arch c

POPULATION

3S753V.L1960.2.23_1970

400

Total Nativo, 1Y70 377

.

1:azivo Enrollr.ont: 1-144

Enuacratcd

634

Claimcd 625

tm,

Local* 2111 Cl.'

14.

City. 1963

3croun "-

.TcumasIto Arproved 10/13/31

Elcc. Utctt Old

3Neu

2

Census }Division

A^onlm

EDVCATIO1

ACzttnistration_anu oIrrted

Grades offorod

.F.41

.Enrolled (1971:14J

1:0

CO'C?IfITY tTILITITF-F:r1J.ITI7S

Uatcr scurclinente-/quality oral

System to 75% o. hemea. Sourco frer

1sko S Strorger Crock

Scwcraso syzota/dIspocal:

Cocaunity systea--oiltlyirc areas

uto ptiviea

Pcwert AVEC diesel ewatore

1-n ,^: 1-75 N.J: 1-175 IV

'ANollal#1.e to all homes.

Cur.:unity c:e;;.

Churches

sleeks Native Region'

HOUSING:

VSPRS Premise Ahd environmantal

health survey available on 63 house's.

Ten houses comploted in 1970,41, BIA

loprovenent Program.

Occlarvd-vlintblo, Native Claims Settlement

'Act

12/13171.

TE.MPORTATION-COrMMICAT/ON

Airport; Loc/cornunity Orariner)

Clans

Rice

Beacon/Ltn

L.th & STIf

tinier 10.000, Uater

Leal clone boz.ce/cocrunity

Lodi':

ROad/trail/rall/connectioni

Rotor:

Borco/forry/harbor/docit

On Alaska aortas Oinhvoy System.

Radio Trans. call Its:

Tolophono-ctnterido Yoe

STATE/TED. ACrN. S MILITARY

Post Office, State School

co-r-Prim-Inn"siTTAL

NANPOWER--

Employment, commercial fishing and sea food processing.

AZCOY

GENERAL -- Tlingit Indian village lioted as "Angoon" with a popuiAtion of 420 in the

1:11

10th Censna. in 1000.

The population van reduced in the'lAte

Killirneo

up

wan eat:Wished with a (inh reduction plant.

Populatton'waa 114 in 1914 342 in

1939.

A post office wan ostablishad in 192A..

P1SERALS

Entalltc: None reporteclOr considered likoly

to ho.found.

Nonnctalltc: None reported.

Coal: None reported or connidered likely to be

found.

Pnrrnlommt

Nona known; geologically not

favorable.

Fl4HER4S--Cocmerciel fishing.

WILDLIFE

FORESTSVECETAT109--

eJU

iln

4.0CATIO8 P113 1186108

Lat. 6135.N

tone. 139'32'W

Two. 17M Rn8a. 5711 Mr. Seward

On 8 bank of Kty.koltvim Rivor at

head of Sala tllouth, 59 miles

59 of Kusstan 'hasten, 'faun.;

1141(a.

t.1

ly11

9s1

1451_,,19E0

19d

,197

0It

ft., -

1.4,

0I 7

11

Iv7

litto

Ilten

ts A

prIt

1973

Enw.orifted

115

Claimed. 266

Local

Second Class, 1972

Borouch UnorrtnIzed

Tawasito AFmrved

10/13/51

(/) Elec. Dist: Old

17

Ilov

15---

Census DivIsion-CLA-avier-

EDVGATIO4

Adoinlitration State Operated

Grades offeted

Enrolled (1971-:)

77

'

(1972-71)

I)comTNITy imrl-rwitirtu

Rater cource/sys.tn/quality anal

Wells

SeveraFe slutt,r/Jfspulal:

I

Privies

Pour: Supplied to several

households (H. Clark).

31,A

..Itte

Chu

rche

n

Calista

Gorporatiom

Dousingti USPHS Prestige and Vow Environ-

mental Healed* Survey available on 22 houses.

TRANSPORTATION.COWNICATION

Airport; foc/coenunity

Glass Civ

Ilov

86 Deacon/44, both

"tittIQSASukULIONE:::,,

Cravel

Bush plane based community

Yea

Land*

Road/trailhall/conDlistions

Retort

Barce/farry/harbor/dock

Barge aervics

Radio Trans. call it***

Teiophone-statevido

Yes

MA

NP

OW

ER

Category

Primary

Occupations,

Surveyed

Population

Total

Prof/Tech/MC

Clor: i Salem

Total.

btu,

ployed

Unew-

ployed

36

22

14

66

0

3Service

42

L. 2

Faro/Fish/Forest

20

2

Prompting

ffaeh

Iho

Tradem

1Wtmch Work

Structural

Hiecellanuous

'5

4ha

_

Not Idontif164

4hERALt

Ilintorlcalt

Founded about 1910

to supply the mining operations

4Office was established in 1914.

smr/rco. ACS N. A MILITARY

State school, Post Office. FAA, USAF, DOT.

COMMRGIAL-IDDDSTRTAL

Charter service (3)

N.C. Store

Ituakokolm Sales

Aniak Lodge

Nazards:

Flooding high; ice la

Aga

Distribution,

Sutlfoyed

Population

Range

Total.

Total

36

16-17

18-21

.10

23-35

,36749

to.

,

.651-4

Unknown

,

( UM

IAK

.

when a trading store was located here,.

at Tulultlek and Aniak Rivers.

A Post

ma, strenimovorflowL pormefrost.

Declared eligible, Native Glottis Settlement Act, 12/18/71.

MINERALS --

Metallic* Nona reported.

ttenmetnIlle:

None reported.

Coal; None reported or conoiderad likely to

bo found.

i'otioleumi

None known; geologically not

favorable.

FISHERIES -- Sasistanca

Grayling. pike, saloon, sheoffsb.

trout, whitafish.,

WILDLIFE -- Stilibistenkto --

Black /brown bear, beaver, caribou,

red fox, hers, land otter, lynx,

marten, moose, mink, ouskrrat,

porcupine, weasel, wolverine, wolf;

duels. guest:, ptarnican. spruce hie/

.routte.

raid:TS

Spbsietenca

Berries (blue, black, crap, saloon)*

wild vegetables.

0

O r.

CHAUTHBALOK

Calleta

(ROSSIAH_HISSION - XDS1101011H3

Corporation

`LOGAT1ON AND REGION

Lat. straSh: Inn6:159°1'0u

Syn. 17N Ra3e. 550 Nor. Seward

On N bank of Kunkokwim.River, 9.5

r of An1.04. KlIbuck-

KulLotots. N.4ntains.

Vac

Ch.

sull.

b Kur

t 1 S

TIO

i

11'0

V.")

1970

94

I.4.4

1ELi

vo,.1

1;1

90.

Ratlw Forellt-Ht: April 1973

Ins_eret...l

121

Elaincul

108

f.0%1 1.1:711T

Loeal_ALOw0laj

Dbrout.h

En..120olxvd

0

Tevnulta

Elec. Rise Old

17

Hoe 1S

Census Division

Kuskokvie

-.

VDCCAI103

i--

AdninistratfUn Stare Operated

----.

Grades offeseJ

1-4

Enrolled (1971://1--Ig

(1972 -73)-Z

(If

coTntn71

Water source/.;stpdqualicy anal

Sucface, spring. creek

Scverage sytt.vidisponals

Haney bucket

Powers

Ron.

Curr,aity !Sian.

Churches

Housings

USPHS Pressim and Nome Unwires: -

mental Nealth Survey available on 10 houses.

Housings

DIA Improvement Program, 10 houses

in 1970. TRANSPORTATION-MOSYNICATION

No airstrip

Airport; Loc/cueloinity

Class

Deeconihtg

Lgth & Surf

Slush plane based/ccmunity

Lands

Road/trail/rail/connections

Watort

Darto/farry/harbor/dock

Berge service

ladio Trans.. call Itrt

EXF-67

Tolephono-statewide

543-2102

STATK/FrO. AGES.

I. HILITARY

State School. Post Office

COtNEFCJAL-INDUSTRIAL

)Wir

ottE

rtCHALMDIA1.11R

(RUSSIAN MISSION - EUSKORVIN)

1

GENERAL-- Historical:

Russian Mission founded here in 1891.

1

Haxerdes

Ice Jeep coastal flooding; permafrost.

Declared eligible, Native Claims Settlement Act, 12/18/71.

fib:mats--

M:11.91,121:

Copper prospects; lead, silver,

enm

ities

."'Loomis also present.

NO.1111/1 r..lifss

Non

e re

port

ed.

Cowls Nuns reported or considered likely to

be found.

Petrokount None known; geologically not

favorable.

PISHERIES--

Subsistence

BlaCkflah. pike. grayling. -salmon,

sheefish, trout, whitefish.

unplug.. Subsistence

Black bear, b4aver, red fox, hetes

land :Kum. lynx, mink. moosaj

muskrat, crane, ducks', geese. 'swan.

herveot eggo, ptarmigan.

1

PORKSTS--KCETATION-- Subsistence --

Decries (blue, 'black, cran, snleon),

greets/roote, wij<I vegetable..

t

.)

X

CAM -

tOCATFOI AM) n,'cuy/

Let. 5529'3' Lem:. 133'091g

Ta.71S

FIE Mar. Co nor

014,Craie and Princewof Wales Is.

S. en.'. of glaeak Into:. 60 ni. so

Ectehlkan. Alog. Arch.

UTCLATICO!,

a1937

1953

273 1970_3E____

Total Native'. 1520 153

Native Enroll:lent; 1-1-74

Enumerated

331

Claimed

30

Ci

->

"cOVERNMEMT

IRA. 1v3a

1.06011 2nd CY.:qs City lint

Enrouth Cf:r-It!.zed

:caste ray/June 1922

Elec. Dist: Old

INew

I

cessuS Ziviston erin: of 1a1en

R.

at

of

EDUCATIOI

A4tinistratien Cfte

Grades offaral

K-12

Enrolled (1971:77J,

114

Included H.S. Students troll Klawacl

CO!LTY rTnIT:n. -r..cItrrin

Water source/system/quality anal

S.rfaao source.

A ay14.-1 serves

alout one half of-the community.

Sewera:c syzzemid1spe:a1:

"stem rtVax a part of tho,

e renainder utilize

Fewer! Municipal Ilec

ca!maityLlag.

Churthen 2

S1

ka Native Region

Hodiral/dental.

Public Health doctors and

dentists Visit ono regular bsols. ,A regis-

tered nurse is peraanontly located in town.

Local Police Department.

Local Fire Department (volunteer)

I

TRANSPORTATION-COMM/CATION

Airport: Loc/corrmnity Seaplane/

Map

- Elev.

Dencon/Ltg

,-

Lgth b Surcalcr 10y000

Otter

Bush plane bat.cd/conzunity

Scheduled tiarvIco-

.

Lands

Road/trail/rall/conneotions

Local road to KlataCk. O mi.

Match.:

Barge/ferry/harbor/dock

On marine (state) OighOny System.

The City Float-Jock bas unloading space and

covered storage for large freight boats.

Radio Trans. call Itr:r+ri Retthjkfto radio

(station.

Telephone-statewide No

STATE/F:D. ACM S MIUTARY

Pont office. City 5c:mol 6 NanIntrata

CfMT":CT:11.-1 ::') MSTRIAL

Crates econmsy'is based Iargely

an tha fishing

and Wed products industry.

r

MANPOWER -- Estimate Employnent

.

0

I

Construction

24

Government

a

Hfg./Procossing

135

Trade

14

Trans./comm.

SOthci

13

199

CO

TO

.GENERALOriginally named "Fish Egg" for nearby Ptah Island; the moue %

s etareted to

"Craig Minor" for a Cannery owner.

A post office was established in 1 12. Toro's-

tioh in 1939 wad 231.

-'

.,

Declared

eligiblo, Native Claims Settlement Act

12/16/711

;

.

AIN

ER

AL

S»

Metallic; ions reported.

Nonmetallic:

likely to bo Co

reported or considered

Coal: Nene reported or considered likely to b

zw, a

.

Petroleums

None known, geologically not

1

FISHERIES --Co=ercial f ;Mang and sea

food processing.

11ILDLIFE

FORiSTS--VECETATIO;P-4

ILAIRDPIX3

fLOCATION AND REGION

*Lit. A4

l'N

Long. 14741'W

Tien. IS f cAsa.

IW Mar. Fairbanks

thn

11.cita River, Tanana Low, at

the srtLern and of the Alaska

lithhwak:.

$10,tu 7

moo (1.111 1970 14,771

7.

.1

Is.0

'Lk-

/al:woks and St.a totaaraTra

Hatlue'Earollventi

Enoter-rod 1.1:2

Clainad 1,048

ACOVIR.11,ENT

Home hole- 1901

1acat

rlt

II !,:..ttti Star-

Tswnsite*

ilec. Diet` Old 19

NM

16

Census Ulvi.iult-17111baar4---"*

_iDCATI011

1

'AJministratIon Borough Operated

Grade: otfin'ed k'12

Entailed "(157C-.743

C0= IITY wILITIrs-rmstiln

Eater souree/systez/qualify ana)

t'tiIIttar System.

,:..ter, prb.47,SC0; 6 and 12

I.:11, sy.ter/disposal:

etilities System.

t:strantl sewer Dues. 8

a.

I10 loth.

:Utilittem

t.ult

et ty. . JnsT CO den

I I.

..n. outside the

Militias

., A01:

Mayon Limited

Native Corpbration

Fairbanks 10 Alaska's second largest

financial, transportation, governmental,

and cultural center for the interior.

The

city and area provide a year-round variety

of racroational facilities and opportunities.

COMOVRITY FACILITIES:

Hospital, recently

completed, four clinics; libraries, 30-

churches. daily and weekly newtpapers;

police and fire departments.

Alaskaland

exposition.

the Univruity ul Alma:Jim man campus Ye

located near Fairbanks.

TRANSFARTATW-COIMNICATIOR

Airport; LochotriunIty

3.5 mi. WSW

Class Civ. Elev434 Deacon/1m

8/L

Lgth 6 Surf 10. Lb

Asphalt

'Bush plane Bassi /community Ye,

Also, Naito, 0n4 Phillips Field.

Load:

Ro.!d(tiall/rall/connerctions

Hichuays:

Alaska, Elliott, Steese. Anchoraga$

and Pal :banks.

Ralfrntd:

Alaska RR to Anchorago

Scward.

Tile railroad and a variety of trucking and

alrlcue

adcquata dl Ivpinge0nd

private welsh l

have facfllti

available.

'-

RADIO/IV: (Your radio and three

V.

stations.

'

4

STATE/FED. ACEN. 6 MILITARY

A variety of State and Tederral agencies ser-

vice the area.

Ft. Wainwright is adjacent.

Ft. Eieloon is 20 mi.from the city.

conmrrrytt.-nntIsTRIAT.

Major empTiWt7ni Crili-non-watqfacturing 4(11-

,taty and civilian support; ed.; research;

hwy. .const. and natntenatk.:c1 trade.. retail

trade; personal servites,conaunication.

Principal todufturlupl Is In small mining

ovation,. load procc...tnr. Lonut. peo.Indte.

a 0

e

VANTONER--.

PAIRJAHICS

Labor Harker Population and Area

Estimated Employment

Percent

Agriculture

01

Mining

Construction

06

ManufacturingProcese

02

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

12

Trade'

16

Finsive

04

Services

11

Covarnnwilt

45-

'100

GENERAL --

Historical;

FoOnded in 1901-when a trading post was established

by E.T.

Barnette.

The town began as a supply center for the wining renion

to the

north aft:it gold was dIscoveted by Felix Pedro in

1902, and h.q. since

became the commorcial and

transportntion hub of north and central Alaska.

A Post Office was established in 1903,

19INERALS

Motallict

Coals

Petroleum:

FISHERIES-.

WILDLIFE .\

FORESTSVECETATI00-.,

0

.

40

ELAVOCK

Sena`

Nativb Region

tocni6::

Itrerom

Lat. 5511.:! Lens.

11106'1,

..Twn.'71;

sIr

cocr R.

Con.

of Pripce-of Wales Ib

5cf Gratz. Alex. Arch. 215

air

L. fret Juneau,

rwm.vileN

4V4 19:3 :51 '1970

213

Total :..:ive.'173

195

Native Enrollmant:

1-1144

Enuaerated '397

Claimed

511

COVTAINM.7MT

IRA

10AS.

Local

int c: -e 19:9

Doroe::1

Tcwnsite A-woed 19:.0

Elec. piste Old

11:eW

1

Census Divisionrrinc-e of Valec

'EDCCATICI

Administration Cl: e-etv-ted

Grades offer.r.7---1:s

Enrolled. (197171 d

ES students attend Ctrl7

Wnicr-ssurce/systom/suality anal

Rcderv'eirssrLua4water. and

throo.:h il-tribetion system

Scwere.ge systen/dispOsal:

Seecra::c syst.:m.

Scr-ood.c privies

01.

pc:""

Available

on cannery.

Cer...tunity nfdt. Yes Churchcn

Ylf

l

Declared eligible Native.Clatma

Settlement

Act.

12/18/71

Medical/Dental.

PUS-doctors and dentists

,

visit on a regular basis.

TRAMSPORAION-COMINICATION

Airport; toc/corpunity Adi. W

- Class

Elev -0-

Dcacon/Ltg

- Lgth 6 Sorf_x2dcz5.

Bush plane

Land:

Road/troll/rail/connections

Connected to Uollin and

:oval roads

Water:

Barge/ferry/harbor/dock

Avnilable dog: tTacc at cannery operntion.

A OP

Radio Trans. call ltr:

Ketchikan.

Telephone-statewide

Reception from

Yes

,

STATE/FED. AG=N. S

MIT

I_TARY

Pn-it office. City School. UnPUS Clinic

cen,r-rc7AL-INrrsTRIAL

-

11.1 ccono-e in hased -,,r!r.artly en the fishing

and wood products ind.try. 0

MANPOWER--EstImated Employment

Construction

GovernmvIt

Mfg./processing

Tra

de.

''t

Tra

ns./

comm.

10 1

150

,2

.

2

165

GENERALTlingit Indian village reported in 1851. applied to

location

aide of Shinaku Inlet.

A cannery Ws entabliahceat the present site

population vas 261 in 1890. 19 in 1920; 455 in 1919.

A post office vas

in 1882.

S.

tin thir vent

I

a 1E78.

The

4t

estatlisted

fANZRALS--

Metnllic:

None reported

NonmetnIlic; Much high calcium limestone In

area.

'

Coal: None reported or considerCa likely to

tirround,

,Per

role

ilrt:

None known; geologically not

FISHERIES-- Commercial fishing and

seafood processing

WILDLIFE--

FORESTS4PVEGETATION--

1

a4f

,

,T

nikt

i,

LOCATION AND REGION

Lat

.6510'S

Long. 152'04'

Tun.

4N SnSe. 22W1177511tras

%Saar junction of TinanagYukoa

Rivers. Kokrines-Hadzana High.

,

POPULATION

4s

1950__2.281960 349 1970

411

Total Votive. 197Q.

Vative'Enrollmenti April 1973

Enumerated

359

Claimed

572

IRA, 1947

al SecAnd Clogs City. 1961

Lc*

Pnweanfaea

pywnsice .Svre.Feed-Julv/Anc. 1955

Elec. Dist: Old --17; New

15

Census Division Yu:son-Koyukuk

EDUCATION

Administration Stiee Orerated

19'Crallts offered

1-12

/)Alsrolled (1970:7) 176

Doyon Lieited

Native Corporation

Noosing*

uiens Promise -and Home Environmental

Health Survey Available on 53 houses.

Declared eligible, Native Claims Settlamept

Act, 12/18/71.

TRANSPORTATION-CMILNICATION.,

Airport; .Loe/cormunity

.9U

Class

Elcv 228 Boacen/Lts, Both

Lgth b Surf 44nn

nriws'

-Bush plane baycd/communitY

Yen

/Six schedulOd alrstops per weak

.

Land:

Road/trail/rall/cOnnections'

A limited rood network COHavettl miscellaneous

.

local sub-areas; incinding,tho dufenne

Water:

Berge /terry /harbor /dock

Barge nervier' (Yutpna)

CO!CfteITY UTUITIES-6CILIT/E1

Radio Trans. call ltrt

.

Water source/system/quality anal

Telephone-statewide

......... well.

water herd end silty

,-

but rasOnahly aufiable for drinking..

Er

..

.

Outer yells are of poor coapty.

Sewerage sistem/disposalf

Privies and septic tanks

at \Individual hazes.

Yes

Powers Available to' all homms

through e private source

-

Community tNr.stesChurchcs

2Cotmunity Library, Hospital

STATE/FED.,ACEN. b HILITARY

State School, Armory, Post Office, USPHS Hospital,

.FAA, White Alice

COMMACIAL-INDUSTRIAL

Mgr business places

Hotel

Wien Airlines

N.C. Store

Cafo

tiAttrovER

TANANA'

Cateitory

Primary

Occupations,.

Suiveycd

PopUlation

Age

Distribution,

Surveyed

Population

'Years I

of

'Sthool I

Completed

Total

Prof/Tech/Hitt.

Clor. b Solos,

Service

Form/rksh/Porest

Procasita,

HAhine Trades

Bench Work

Itructuttil

Miscellaneous

Not Idclitifiek,

TOLdi

ploycd

Wet.-

played

Range

Range

rotal

50

-41

4--

0-

D-

9

Total

91

Total

91

18

I

1

'7

.4.

-16-17

41

-4

--1--

9- 6

,-

18-21

R'

22 -35

47°

7-

a

I.

2....1.

...

II).1

36 -49

16

9 -12

13-16

50 -65

15

'0

----

,7

65- +

116- +

Unknovn1

Unknown

'

CENERALi

Hazards*

Stream overflow and permafrost.

Historical*

The junction of the,Yukun and Tanana Rivers hod been

ztlone aud vc11

Indian trading loallty before the cor.

ngof.tho Folopoant. 4"::1)

Alaska Ctirrurciol Company established.

(1891)

p:eopal Mission founded.

(1897)

N.C.Corpsay ustablishOd.

(189 Post dale.! established.

(1899)

U.S. Amy built, Fort Clibon.

111NERALS --

Metallic: Nano repoyt.

Nonmetallic:

Nono rtper}o.rot coneidored

likely to bo found.

Coalt

None repotted or considered likely to

UrrgOnd.

Petroleum:

U sin.

4 II

4'

None known; in 7.oler Tenons

FISIIERIES --* SuIastence --

Grayling, pike, snlmon, sheet ish,

whitetish, sucker.

WILDLIFE

Subsistence --

Black bear, beaver,,caribou, red

fox, hare, land otter, lynx,

marten, sank, moose, muskrat

porcupine, weasel, stolverinej

wolf; ducks, goose. ptarmigan,

spruce hen/grouse.

pacc:zs

vcannvou --

Blueberries, cranberries,

is used for foel and haus

construction.

Ssiktenee

Inbar d.

Ji-

APPENDIX B:' ATS-6 EDUCATION DEMONSTRATION EVALUATION CONFERENCE

r

I

to -

/

.t

1

s

4

ta

f

r

.

Prac Concepti Incfrporated.

)

..

t

4

v.,

.?

13;1

May 27, 1975

Alaska ATS-6 Education Demonstrp.tion Evaluation ConferenceMay 29-31, 1975 Anchorage Westward Hotel

INTRODVCTIONO

T he purposes of this conference are:-

-to learn what happened during the ATS-6 satellite TV demonstrationin Alaska, and

-to make .recommendations about the future use of satellites and TV inin rural Alaska.

You have been invited because you were involved in the demonstration; youare experts on what happened. Also you all 'represent people who shoulddetermine the future of satellites and TV in Alaska.

We will ask you to meet as three groups: consumer committee members,utilization aides,- and teachers. To help you accomplish the two purposes ofthe conference, we will provide you with "discussion questio.ns". Please addadditional questions you think are important.

We. suggest that the first part of the conference until noon Friday be spentdiscussing what happen during the demonstration, and that the remainder ofthe meeting be spent on4recommendatiAs for the future.

Each group will probably need a discussion leader and a reporter. Thereporter will be responsible for summarizing the group's conclusions andrecommendations. The summaries will be presented to the conference as awhole, and it would be helpful if they were Written.

A report on the ccenclusioris and-recommendation& of the conference will bepUblished by the Governor'S Office of Telecommunications, and the Centerfor Northern Educational Research. Each of you will get a copy, and it willbe used by yarious people who are studying the ATS-6 project.

Tape recordings o f the group meetings w ill also be made, and they bestored at CNER for individuals who want to learn' more about the conference.Those recordings will not be included in the report.'

I

prepared by. Sue Pittman, CNEtt.

.1 .

4

nay ti,

B-2'

TENTATIVE AGENDA

Alaska ATS- 6'Education Demonstration Evaluation ConferenceMay 29-31, 1975 Anchorage Westward Hotel

Thursday, May 29 .

1:00-2:00

.2:00-3:00

.3:00-5:00

p.m., Registration

General Meeting: introductions,purpose of conference, plan for work,at the conference

Small groups meet to beginof project results

Friday, May 30

8:30-4:30 a.m.

9:30-11130.

12:00-1:30

k3T ic2 : 30

2:30-6:00

Saturday, May 31

8:30-9:30'a.m.

9:30-11:30

discussion

-

General Meeting: groups provideinitial repoit on-project results

&mall groups meet to finish views onproject results(Note: The'Turnagin and Portagerooms must be vacated at 11:30 forlunches. -We will-use theM again afterlunch.)

Lunch (Group leaders & reporters meetwith conference-staff in Tufnaginroom; no organized lunch for otherparticipants.)

Kinai Room-

Kenai Room

Teacjrs to Kenai RoomUtilization Aides to Turnagin RoConsumer Committee Members_ to

Portage Room

Commodore Room

Teachers-to Commodore RoomUtilization Aides to Turnagin RoConsumer Committee Members to

Portage Room

General Meeting: summary of pro3gct Commodore Roomresults; introduction to task ofmaking recommendations for futuresatellite use

Small groups meet tobegin work ono future recommendations(Note: The'Commodore Room must be

:vacated at:4:3M

General Meeting: groups report oninitial recommendations

Small groups meet to finish recom-mendatioiis for future

12:00-2:00 p.m.. No-Host Lunch: ($5.50/person)G4Oups report on final recommen-dations

a

Teacher to Commodore RoomUtilization Aides'to Turhagin RoConsumer Committee Members to'- Portage Room

Kenai P.00m

Teachers/COnsumer Committee Membc.to Kenai Room

Signature R

Signature Room

epared by Sue Pittman, CNER 1.

B3.

Alaska ATS-6 Education Demonstration Eva illation ConferenceDiscussion Questions: Reults of Demonstration

:I. Village Impabt *.0

1. What did people know about the demonstration

.before it?.6

during it?

.2. When did they find outit was not permanent?

3. How.did they find out?

4. How do people feel about being given TV lo` only a short time?

5. In what ways do people 'think the demonstration was useful?

6. Was the TV set put in the right place?

If not why'?,

7. Can you think of examples of how the derno.nstration changed:a

-Life in the Villages

-Education in.the Villages

-Children's language

-Villag.health habits

-Knowledge of issues affecting the Villages

8.. Describe attendance at the Alaskaative Magazine.

9. Did it changd during the dethonstration?

How?

10. How often was Native Language transmission used?

nrenar_ed by CNEK .5.127/75

B-4

tDiscussion Questions: Results of Dernonstr;.tion

1

II. Programming

1. Strengths and weaknesses of ?'Basic Oral Language Developme nt"program? ,

.

2. Strengths and weaknesses' of'"Right Op" health program?

3. Strengths and weaknesses of the "Alaska Native Magazine"?

4. Strengths and weaknesses of "Tell and Show*" program for teachers?

5. Strengths and weakneises of other programs:

Politalk, Community Library Training, etc.

6. What seems- to be the best audience for each of the progra.ms?

7. Strengths and weaknesses and other, comments on:

-Puppets --Live interviews ."

4

- "interaction" using ATS-1-

-Native Language broadcasting

-Films of Village Life

-The "Native 'News feature

etc.

8. Which, topics were,best suited for:

-Adult viewing

-EduCational needs of children in the villages

9. Especially for teachers: How does -"live" TV compare with VTA's,and.other meal*?

rir rna_r_e rt hl; ChiEll 5 /27/75

B-5el*

Minus sion Questions: Results of bemonstration

III. Native Involvement

1. 'How were the Consumer Committee members selected?

.r

2. How were the Utilization Aides selected?

s.

3. Whatinfluence did Consumer Committees have on the demonstration? _

In-the lage?

On programming?

4. What influence did Utilization Aides have on the demonstration?

In the Village?

On ,programming?

. . .. ..

5.- How often did people from your Village talk over "interaction"?

Who handled the interaction phone?

Who talked?

,.

6. Did the "interaction" srtuatidli make people uhcomfortable, andunwilling tciNk over it?

7. What was the school role in running the Alaska Native Magazine inthe villages?

. Whom did the TV seem to belong to? Did the people'think of theTV as theirs, or as belonging to the schAl?

repared by CNER 5/27/75

B-6r

Alaska AYS-6 Education Demonstration Evaluation ConferenceDiscussion Questions: A Design for the Future".

A. General Questions:

1. Should th6re be TV it rural Alaska?

W.hy?

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Why` not ? ',`

2. Should ther.e)4 'special programming for rural Alaska'?

Why?

Why not?/

3. Where th has been home TV ip rural Alaska, what has beenthe affect' on

-Social life

-Culture

-Language

etc.

4. Should theie be special programrniiig for the differenf regions ofrural Alaska?tl

5. Which is more ,important:

Programs for the school? or

Prograths for the communay?

Why?

6, What rote should Regional Corporatiol have in TV programmingfor rural Alaska?

7:" How shotild'Natlye .Language broadcasting be' used?

94"honored by CNER 5/27/75.

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_Discussion Questions: A Design for. tile Future

B. Specific Questions:

1.. Where should TV sets be located?

2. Would TV be useful for high school teaching in Villages?

'Hciw?

3. Would Utilization Aides be needed?

What should their duties bet?

4. Would Corisuiner Comxnittees be needed?

What should their duties ,be?

5. What kinds of programming would be useful?

What kind's of programming would attract audiences?0

What kind of news programs would be useful and appreciated?

6% What would the Villages be willing to contribute?

Buy the TV set?

Pay cable. fees?

- 7; Isstwo-way interaction a good ide-a?

How should.it be used?

8.,. How world separate regions of Alaska use TV?

How would separate regions of Alaska use a satellite?

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prepared by CNEIV 5 /27/75

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APP4DIX C: ALASKA RURAL MEDIA CONFERENCE

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Practical Concepts Incorporated

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VatilMet JULY 22 -25, 1975UNIVERSITY OF MASKA F

'Are you concerned about the need for imp roved communicationsthroughout Alaska? Are you concerned deeply enough to share your expertise,your Opinions and even your needs? Your concern is shared by many and isthe basis for organization Of the Alaska Rural Media Conference scheduled forJuly 22-25, 1975 on the University of Alaska, Fairbanks Campus. .

Please consider the attached letter carefully. If there-is sorireone-iff-se ,inyour organiza96n involved with medial please pass this on to them also. 'Pleasefill out the attached form right how an return it immediately. We need to knowwho is coming and'what they want included in the program.

Principal financial support is provided by a grant from the Alaska HumanitiesForum. ; ..

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Printing and mailing support will be provided by the Cooperative Extension,Service, University of Alaska.

ALASKA RURAL meotcomFatice.Nce.

Dear Pros'pective Participant;-

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Most Alaskan government,- academic, and social service organizations haveindependentlydeveloped 'media programs' based on the realization that

community, social, and political success in rural Alaska is highly dependent"on the effective use of various forms of media. However, these groUPs hale

-> found that there is a need for people to share with and learn from others, thuspreventing duplication of effort and the continual need to 'reinvent the wheel'.As a result, a statewide media conference will be convened this summer.

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The Alaska Rural, Media Conference will provide an opportunity for peo 'ple toshare their ideas and resources in the use and'application of media. It will

provide exposure to the new media technology and give insights to .itsruralapplieation.- Rural media needs° will be identified and linked with existing,media skills and technology; to allow creative approaches 'to rural issues.

The Conference participants will also be involved-in a" statewide public forumfor ne,discussion of critical issues concerning mass communication (tele-coMMunications, mini-watt T.V., video tapes, ,radio, newspapers, newsletters,etc,) and its effect on the quality .of village life. gpstions such as: Who

will determine the role that media should play in rural Alaska ?, How Can mediatechnology be applied to further the interests of isolated scommunitiesT,,Who millcontrol programming, censorshipc and access to the media ?, will be addressed at

ethe Conference. A primary focus will be the creation of an Alaskan Rural-

)Media Association to attain the conference objectives.

The Conference will take place on the,University-of Alaska, Fairbanks campus'July 22 -25, 1975. It will assemble from all areas of,the state 100-125 indivi-dUals.involved in or affected by rural media. The agenda will consist of assembly'

-sessions with speakers, panel and floor discussions, and worksh&ps onjechnolo-gical advanceso skills development, media manpower, rural applications, andphilosophical issues. We will invite a guest speak whose experience in commu-nications technology and application enables him/her to addrbs-ethe humanistissues concerning rural Alaskan communications. GrOup,discussion and workshopleaders will be a cross-section of individuals involved in rural media. A central

display area will feature exhibits of rural media projects as well as hardwaredisplays. The elonings will consist of Alaskan produced,films and video tapes,

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and informal discussions with their producers.-

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We hope that you will not only participate in the conference,, but will also assistin its development. Specifically, we request your assistance in forming a mail-ing list of possible attendees, in developing a body of discussion topics and_workshop subjects, and in creating a wider base of institutional, regional,-andcommunity participation. BaseCon your response and those of other individuals,

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a more detailed public announcement will be made Containing agenda, workshops,iandpre,registration information.

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Since the conference is biing coordinated by a consortium of individuals an d

groups, thetime factor is4,Kghly iMpoftant... ,We'wouleappreciate your sharing.

your ideas by completing the attached,sheet and returning it to us as soon as

possible. If you have further commentsouggestions, or assistance-to offer;_

please feel tree to contact us at an .y time. ..

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The people of Alaska .must share the-tools of self-expression and communication...

for their communities ... : . for theMselves,

Ouraddress;

c/o X-CED --

7th Floor GrUeningqildg.University- of Alaka.Fairbankg, Alaska, 99701

lease remnd by-MAp9th so- we can°. mail the-anpouncement out byMay 15th.

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',Conference Coordinators,

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Raul Sherry .

ommunity Health DevelopmentTanana Chiefs Conference'452-1746

Richard)yamadaX-CED/ARTTCUniversity of Alaska

479-J694

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ALASKA RURAL MEDIA,CONFERENCE

Tehtative Outline of Conference. Agenda7e

Note: All WdrfcShop titles and PresentationJuly 22 Tuesday titles are subject to change by participar

. 9 - 12:00 Meeting of Conference Facilitators and Planners'Gruening Building Conference Roam

- 2:00 REGISTRATION - Wood Center Ball Room

2:00

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Welcome by ,ConfeienCe Coordinators :

RichardYam:da - Media Coordinator,, Cross-CulturalEducation Development Program -University of Alaska

Paul Sherry - Community Health Development,

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Tanana Chiefs Conference

Keynote Address : Ed Parker, Stanford University"The Development of 'Mass Media and i

3:30 . ,'Workshop Sessions Impacon'Rural Comm4nities"

Group #'1Group #2Group #3Grpup #4Group #5

etc.

Part One ,

ftri OnePart OnePart OnePart One

To be Announced

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Evening :, Dinner at Hess CommonsTour of KUAC fAcklitiesInformal gatheririgs at Scarland Hal/

July 23 Wednesday'A

-8:30 9:30. Group Session, Wood Center Ball RoomSpeaker :"The Media and Community Expression"

Workshop,..SgssionsGr9up #1'Tart.TWoGroup #2'Pa.ft TwoGroup #3 natt-Two

- Group #4 Part Two- Group #5 Part Two

etc.

Lucheon - Woos Center

Workshop SessionsGroup.01%Part Three,.Group #2.Pa'rt ThreeGroup #3 Pirt ThreeGroup #4 Part ThqeGroup #5 tart Three

9:30

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. Free Time and rest ofafternoo'n used to view.

98exhibif$ -

. (July 23 Wed4psday:"Continued)

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Evening :Dinner at Hes,s Commons

. Film showing by Alaskan Cinematographers,:DuckeTing Au

'Informal gatherings at Scarland Hall

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July 24 Thursday

8:'30 - 9:30 Group Session, Wood Center Ball RoomSpeaker :"Mass Communication Development inRural.

Alaska"' o.

.9:30 - 11:30 ReSource Clinic - Show and Tell session by. ,

Conference' participants on whatthey are doing

11:30 Luncheon - Wood Center

1:00 Panel Discussions w/ audience participationPanel.#1 Topic to be announcedPanel #2 Topic to be announced

3:00 , Small Task groups to tackle problems and questions

arising from Panel discussions - Tasks to be

assigned'by Panels..Panel Group One .

Panel #1 Group Two-Panel #1 Grail') Three

Panel #2 Group-One. Panel #2 Group Two

Panel #2. Group Three

Evening: BanqUet Dinner at Wood CenterPhoto SymphonyInformal gatherings at Scarland Hall

July 25 Friday ,

9:00 '

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Group Session, Wood CenterWorkshop Results - Summary by Worksho Facilitators

Organit'ation of the Alaska Rural'Media Association

11:30 ADJ1OURN

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.Suggested Work'shop,Titles:

Video Production and Rural AppliationPart One .: Ifq,roduction to AquipmentPart Two: Production Methods.Part -Three: Stripwriting/Programming/Application

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'- Print Communications in the Bush a. .

-Part One: Starting a,communityspublication/newlet*er/newsbaper/magazine.

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Part Two: Lay-out/Designi and Printing methods:-, Part ThTee: Writing for the Bush. .

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' Village and Regional Radio N , t.PaOt One: Setting up a Stat.on Costs/equipment/trainimaetc.Part Two: 'Programming . . ..

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Part Three: Resource Development.

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'Mass Communications in AlaskaPart One ATS-6 .

Part Two: Mini-watt T.V. $.

Part Three: Videoand Audio TapeiCAp;ratives

Photography and Film -making in rural Alaska4Part One: 16mm film productionPart Two: 8mm film productionPart Three: Sall photography

Innovations and Alternate Media Applications°

Part One: Sky River 7

Part Two: Fox FirePart Three: Community Access T.V.

-Coortdinated ff.forts in Rural Media - Organization of Alhska Rural° Media As.kociation

: Creation of Rural News Sevise: Creating,a.Ckearing House and DistributingCenter forProduced Materials.

: Creating a pool of Resource'People and equipmentending funding.0ources for Media projects

: Starting a Media newsJetter : Projects going op/ New techeolog)Sale of Equipment/Jobs available/ etc.

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