domestic ferry safety: vulnerabilities & opportunities · imo-un escap expert group meeting on...
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Domestic ferry safety:Vulnerabilities & OpportunitiesDr. Anish Arvind Hebbar, TM
WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY
IMO-UN ESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Improving Domestic Ferry Safety in Support of Safe Maritime Connectivity in Asia and the Pacific, 17 March 2020, United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
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A few words about WMU…
IMO-UN ESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Improving Domestic Ferry Safety in Support of Safe Maritime Connectivity in Asia and the Pacific, 17 March 2020, United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
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What can we infer about ferries from mythology?
IMO-UN ESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Improving Domestic Ferry Safety in Support of Safe Maritime Connectivity in Asia and the Pacific, 17 March 2020, United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
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What can we infer about ferries from mythology?
IMO-UN ESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Improving Domestic Ferry Safety in Support of Safe Maritime Connectivity in Asia and the Pacific, 17 March 2020, United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
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What is the modern day experience with domestic ferries?
≈900 deaths ≈400 missing ≈100 injured
28 incidents between January 2017 – June 2019IMO MSC 102/8 (2019)
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Why focus on the Asian region?
Fatalities over the past 50 years
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What are the various types of domestic ferries?
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What is a domestic ferry?
a vessel
conveys passengers, vehicles, goods
may operate over relatively short distances
operates as a regular service
operated on sea routes, between islands, along the coast or in inland waterways
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What are the network characteristics of domestic ferry services?
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What are the challenges to safety in inland waterways?
high water velocities
continuously changing channel configurations
fast changing weather conditions
localised strong winds, with no warning
Ratio of fatalities per billion passenger-kilometre
158 41
for roads for inland water transport
Overloading passengers
Collision
Absence of pilot
Breakdown
Human error
Loss of stability/ groundingStorm/ tornado
Combination of factors
ACCIDENT CAUSES IN INLAND WATERWAYS
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What are the unique safety concerns related to domestic ferries?
overloading and overcrowding
pre-departure safety education
crew training for emergency scenarios
effective search and rescue efforts to alleviate fatal consequences
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What is the scale of the problem?
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What is the context?
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What is the temporal perspective of safety?
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What should be our risk management standard?
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What methods have been used to study the problem?
Organizational influences
Unsafe supervisions
Preconditions for unsafe acts
Unsafe acts
•Resource management
•Organizational charter
•Organizational processes
•Inadequate supervision
•Planned inappropriate operations
•Failed to correct problem
•Supervision violations
•Environmental (planning, technical)
•Conditions of operations (adverse mental/ physiological state, physical/ mental limitations)
•Personal factors (crew resource management, personal readiness)
•Errors (decision, skill-based, perception)
•Violations (routine, exceptional)
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What are the identified causal factors?
Unfit for purpose Impracticable conversions
Impracticable modifications
Stability issues; lack of damage stability data
Overcrowding
Overloading Shortage/ unreachability of lifesaving appliances
Poor quality of lifesaving equipment
Poor passenger management
Improper stowage of cargo
Improper carriage of dangerous goods
Lack of crew competence
Undeclared mass onboard
Sailing in bad weather
Lack of safety culture
Lack of enforcement
Lack of compliance
Unclear demarcation of responsibilities
Poor shore-side support
Poor bridge management
Ignorance of navigational warnings
Inadequate maintenance programmes
Inadequate guidance on handling of emergencies
Inadequate provision of aids to navigation
Complacency
Lack of legislation
Overlapping legislation
Scattered legislation
Absence of legislation
Absence of key definitions
Alleged corruption
Apparent corruption
Corruption
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What are the common findings of the studies?
Hazard identification
Type of incident
Foundering
Fire
Grounding
Collision
Others
Causal factors
Technical problems
Cargo shift
Overloading
Weather
Unseaworthy ships
Inadequate crew competence
Inadequate navigational aids
Human error
Inadequate law enforcement
Inadequate ship for operational
area
Factors influencing outcomes
Inappropriate ship design
Not fit for purpose ship safety
systems
Inadequate SAR response
Lack of emergency
preparedness
Risk contribution factors
Internal
Human (crew onboard)
Hardware (ship and systems)
Organization (ship and systems)
External
Weather
Infrastructure
Regulatory bodies
Recognized organisations
Government
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What are IMO initiatives to address domestic ferry safety?
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What are IMO initiatives to address domestic ferry safety?
.1 conduct a comprehensive study on elements that affect ferry safety and to develop guidance on ferry safety that may cover the following elements:
a. warning system against severe weather condition;
b. risk assessment and risk control measures;
c. passenger and cargo (vehicle) management;
d. ferry fire prevention,
e. seafarers' competency; and
f. the public's safety awareness.
.2 provide technical guidance to assist Member States and developing countries, in particular, to improve their capacity of implementing and enforcing the rules and regulations on domestic ferry safety;
.3 prioritize technical cooperation projects on ferry safety enhancement;
.4 develop a systematic plan that promotes capacity building projects and the development of appropriate model courses;
.5 gain ferry safety management experience and analyze representative incident cases from which conclusions can be drawn that are repeatable and reproducible; and
.6 conduct ferry safety seminars on a regular basis
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What is WMUs continuing contribution?
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What is the way ahead?
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What are our collective goals?
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What are the opportunities?
Safety Culture
Surveys
Responsible sale and purchase
Building, repair, modification, conversion
Registration
Manning
Safety management
Occupational health and safety
Navigation
Maintenance
Stowage and securing
Embarkation and disembarkation
Prior to departure and arrival
Certificates
Aids to navigation
Accidents
Search and rescue
Breach of regulations
Education and training
Navigational area
Check list
Education and training
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What can we infer from mythology?
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Thankyou
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