domestic violence, parenting, and behavior outcomes of children
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Domestic Violence, Parenting, and Behavior Outcomes of Children. Chien -Chung Huang Rutgers University. Introduction. Domestic violence is serious social programs, as its negative impact on both victim and members of her/his family, especially on children - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Domestic Violence, Parenting, and Behavior
Outcomes of Children
Chien-Chung HuangRutgers University
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Introduction• Domestic violence is serious social
programs, as its negative impact on both victim and members of her/his family, especially on children
• Studies have show the effects not only have immediately impacts but also have long- term effects. E.g. Abuse as a risk factor for sleep problems in adulthood
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How serious of domestic violence?
• Prevalence: Sample largely from non-representative, welfare-, and/or low-income samples
• Lifetime prevalence: 34% to 65%, with most rates in the 50% to 60% range
• Current prevalence: 8% to 33%, with most rates in 20% to 30% range
• Factors: age, race, education, employment, social support, and marital status
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Limitation on Literature• Sample not representative• Majority of studies focus solely on
physical abuse without assessing the impact of other forms of domestic violence such as psychological and economic abuse
• Some studies that include measures of other forms of abuse often report the results collectively, without distinguishing the significance of each form of violence, or their interaction
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Domestic Violence: Unmarried Mothers
• Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, a recent and representative data
• Overall prevalence (Year 1 to Year 3): 16.3% -> 20.2%
• Physical violence: 5.0% -> 7.4% • Psychological & economic: 13.2% ->
16.2%• Sexual abuse: 4.1% -> 5.8%• A serious social program
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Domestic Violence during Pregnancy
• Studies found that about 4-8% of pregnant women experience some form(s) of IPV (including physical, psychological and sexual abuse), ranged from 1 to 20%
• Based on Fragile Families data:–Physical abuse: 6% –Psychological abuse: 29%
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Effects of Domestic Violence• Studies have shown physical
violence has negative effects on maternal mental health and parenting skills (e.g. unable to provide warmth and engage with children)
• How about psychological abuse and economic abuse?
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Violence During Pregnancy• Overall Maternal health: emotional
abuse significantly and negatively affected mother’s health, while physical abuse had nonsignificant effects
• Maternal Depression: both physical and emotional abuse significantly increased the chance of depression
• Physical abuse increased the odds by 56%, and emotional abuse increased the odds by 34%
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Violence During Pregnancy• Overall Child health: both physical
and emotional abuse were significant and negative predictors
• Child temperament: emotional abuse significantly affected child temperament, while physical abuse has no effects
• Emotional and psychological abuse is important factor of well-being
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Joint Effects of physical and emotional abuse
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Violence During Pregnancy• Emotional abuse was significantly
associated with poorer outcomes in all four areas, combined with the fact that 29% of mothers reported emotional abuse, this finding highlights the urgent need to more fully understand of the effects
• Physical abuse was negatively associated with two outcomes, maternal depression and child’s health, with bigger effects than emotional abuse in these areas
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Violence During Pregnancy• Joint effects of physical and
emotional abuse were more negative than individual abuse
• Findings suggest that occurrence and accumulation of abuse are important factors to consider when working with pregnant women
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Young Kids?• Sample: Follow one-year-old kids to
five-year-old. Mothers and fathers were involved at Year 1.
• Psychological Abuse and economic abuse have strong effects on maternal depression, and parenting behavior such as engagement with children and using spanking
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Young Kids?
Depression Odds S. E. P
Mother's Characteristics Economic Abuse 1.90 0.38 **
Psychological Abuse 1.36 0.20 * Physical Violence 1.79 0.55 +
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Young Kids?
Engagement Spanking B S. E. P Odds S. E. P
Mother's Characteristics Economic Abuse -0.11 0.09
1.45 0.21 *
Psychological Abuse -0.25 0.06 *** 1.27 0.12 ** Physical Violence 0.04 0.15
1.00 0.25
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Young Kids?• Both level and change of economic,
psychological, and physical violence between Year 1 and Year 3 matter
• Mothers experienced increase of economic, psychological, and physical violence between Year 1 and 3 had poor mental health, engaged less with their children, and more likely to use spanking to discipline their kids
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Children Behavior Problems
0.09 ** -0.12 *** 0.15 *** -0.06 + 0.13 *** 0.05.+ 0.08 * 0.19 *** -0.11 ** 0.13 0.08 * 0.6 *
Domestic Violence At Year 1
Mother Depression At Year 3
Parenting At Year 3
Spanking At Year 3
Externalized Behavior Problem At Year 5
Internalized Behavior Problem At Year 5
Boy
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Children Behavior Problems• Domestic violence at Year 1 had
direct effects on children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at Year 5
• These results suggest that there are long-term effects of domestic violence on the behavior problems of preschool-aged children and that early interventions are needed to prevent later problems
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Long-Term Effects• Outcomes at Year 5 are linked to
later achievement and problems in later and adulthood
• Outcomes of children in kindergarten are good predictors of third grade performance, that good indicators of high-school and later achievement.
• Abuse in childhood linked to later behavior problems
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Discussion• Domestic violence is a serious social
problem, that have long term effects on victims and their family members
• Understanding different forms of violence, physical, psychological, and economic abuse, and their effects are important as they have different prevalence and effects on the outcomes
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Discussion• Screening tools must be carefully
constructed not only to assess whether abuse is occurring, but to collect further information about the co-occurrence with other forms of abuse, which may assist practitioners on the potential risk.
• Interventions need to take into account the variable ways in which abuse manifests itself both with frequency and type