Nationalism
Nationalism
Nationalism – belief that people should be loyal to nation not king share a cmmn culture & history Can identify better with own gov’t People have the right to self-govern Nation-States—independent gov,
represents itself▪ Ex. England, France, Ireland, America
Beliefs
Conservatives
Liberals Radicals
•Wealthy & Nobility
•Argued for traditional monarchy
•Middle Class
•Power to elected parliaments
•BUT only the landowners and educated
•“Fringes” often students
•Extend democracy to all people
•Drastic changes
Nationalist Rebellions 1821 1830s 1848
•Ottoman Turks (Muslims) control Balkan region• Greeks rebel
• Popular with scholars, Russians, many Europeans
• British, French, & Russians ally and crush Turks• Grks win
indepdt
•Belgians declare independence from Dutch•Poles revolt against Russians, but are crushed•French king Charles X tries to return to absolute monarchy, students in Paris rebel (put down)
•Paris mobs overthrow Louis-Philippe, reestablish republic•Louis-Napoleon wins presidential election; takes title of Emperor Napoleon III• Encourages
reform• Experiences
economic prosperity
Break Up of EmpiresAustro-Hungarian Ottoman Russian
•Control Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, & Italians
•Prussia gains control of German States
•Split Austria & Hungary, but both under Emperor
•Turks control Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, Armenians
•Grants equal citizenship to all people under rule• Angers
conservative Turks—causes tension
• Ex: massacres of Armenians after a revolt (genocide)
•Control Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, & Turks
•Loses Crimean War v. Ottomans
•Russification—impose Russian culture• Strengthened
nationalist feelings
• Disunified Russia• Weakened czar’s
power
Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini Formed “Young
Italy”—youth nationalist group
Italy
Camillo di Cavour Politician, unifies
Northern Italy for Sardinia
Giuseppe Garibaldi Leader of rebels in
Southern Italy Turned over control
to King Victor Emmanuel II
United all of Italy
Germany
Otto Von Bismarck Prime minister of
Prussia Realpolitik—politics
of reality ▪ What is best for us?
Expansion through war
The great questions of the day will not be
settled by speeches or by majority
decisions—but by blood and iron!
Germany
Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks War) Prussia is superior Austria humiliated Prussians get
German territory
Germany
Franco-Prussian War Bismarck insults
French ▪ They declares war
Prussians march to Paris
All Germans accept Prussian control
Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned Kaiser of Germany
Coronation of Kaiser Wilhem I Bismarck
So…What happened to the Balance of Power?
Think about: Congress of Vienna & its results Who became stronger? Who became weaker? How did Nationalism affect those
countries?