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Innovation Policy and TechnologyTransfer
- Concepts and experiences -
Michael Guth
Workshop on Innovation Policy
Kiev, March 22, 2010
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Contents
1. Concepts of innovation and technology transfer
2. Examples of transfer schemes
3.1 Cases from NRW
3.2 Examples from Romania (EU R&D FP/ national funding)
3.3 Business Incubators in Algeria
3. Summary and preliminary conclusions
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2. Innovation and Technology Transfer
Innovation can be defined as:
1) the result of individual and institutional learning processes, the
knowledge created by this and its economic application
(ZENIT)
2) Innovation is the ability to take new ideas and translate them into
commercial outcomes by new processes, products or services.)1)
We only speak about innovation when newknowledge is actually being applied in new products,services, organisational procedures or management
procedures!!
1) Nedis, R. and Byler E. (2009), Creating a national innovation framework, in Science progress April(2009)
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Transfer
In this perspective technology(knowledge) transfer is
key for innovation processes to take place! TechnologyTransfer and Innovation are two sides of one medal
BUT
How does Technology Transfer and Innovation (TTI)function??
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Traditionally the RTD&I systems both in market and intransition environments were (and still are!?) based
on a rather linear way of thinking technology
transfer/innovation
Basic
ResearchProduct
Demonstration/
Feasibility
Applied
ResearchMarket
The concept of innovation
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XBasic
ResearchProduct
Demonstration/
Feasibility
Applied
ResearchMarket
The concept of innovation
X X
It is not that easy!
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It is more complex:
Non linear process
Involving different actors (science, firms, governments, public)
Complex feed back loops between the actors
=> Innovation is a system
Elements of innovation are:
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Innovation System
Research Firms
Gov. Institutions
Competitiveness
Growth
Supply Demand
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Research may no longer be the only focus of science policymeasures
Pure technology aspects become less important
Interaction of actors is equally important for the success ofinnovation policy (Transfer as critical element)
A striking new element for policy measures are the linksbetween actors! (Networks, Cluster, Exchange)
What does this mean for Innovation Policy?
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This is why I am presenting in the followingpart selected examples for TT-schemes as wellas some lessons deriving from that
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3.1 Cases for TT schemes in North Rhine Westphalia
On-going proposal
submission
call/competition/
selection committee
call/competition/
selection committee
Selection
process
4 months 1 year2 years1 3 yearsProject
duration
-Max 60% of gross
annual salary
- Max 12,750 (male)and 15,300 (female)
via personnel costs
amounting to part-time
placement at university+ 5000 for consultancy
services
Max. 50% funding
rate for winning
projectsFunding
through heads
through headsyoung graduates bring
university know how
into new firms
- joint projects- joint development
- joint application of
knowledge
Know how
transfer
SMEyoung start ups (pre-
starting phase)
SMEs + research
institutions, networkTarget
IPTPFAU
ZukunftsWett-
bewerb
Ruhrgebiet
On-going proposal
submission
call/competition/
selection committee
call/competition/
selection committee
Selection
process
4 months 1 year2 years1 3 yearsProject
duration
-Max 60% of gross
annual salary
- Max 12,750 (male)and 15,300 (female)
via personnel costs
amounting to part-time
placement at university+ 5000 for consultancy
services
Max. 50% funding
rate for winning
projectsFunding
through heads
through headsyoung graduates bring
university know how
into new firms
- joint projects- joint development
- joint application of
knowledge
Know how
transfer
SMEyoung start ups (pre-
starting phase)
SMEs + research
institutions, networkTarget
IPTPFAU
ZukunftsWett-
bewerb
Ruhrgebiet
3. Examples of TT schemes
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ZukunftsWettbewerb Ruhrgebiet :
Through the broad orientation all sectors benefited from thisprogramme (not only the old industries).
There had to be a spirit of co-operation between industry andresearch institutions. Where this spirit was lacking, projects facedproblems in critical situations.
PFAU:
Due to the high rate of created start ups, stemming from the projectsselected, a lot of new jobs could be created, with a small financial effort
Most of the start ups were build near the respective universityRegions without an university did not benefit from this tool
Lessons from NRW 1/2
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Lessons from NRW 2/2
IPT:
The personnel transfer (IPT) can also be seen as an instrumentwith a good cost-benefit ratio:
Good instrument for regions with structural change
For 40 % of firms the know how transfer was more important thanthe funding!
Most of the young graduates (60 %) remained in the firm after theproject (and funding) ceased (one year after the projects end)
Focus on SMEs
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3.2 Examples from Romania
The use of the European FP for building up networks(RoDi)
A national financing scheme for TT infrastructures
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FP6 Project: Romanian Days of Innovation RoDI
Partners:
RO Ministry of Education and Research
Research Institute for Automation Design (IPA), Bucharest University of Agricultural Sciences in Bucharest
ZENIT
gtz (German technical assistance corporation)
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FP6 Project: Romanian Days of Innovation RoDI
What was it all about?
Building up of two networks: IST and biotechnology Promotion of FP6 and FP7 participation for RO researchers
Training seminars on FP 7 in all 8 regions
National FP6/FP7 conferences
Sustainability and enhancement of the IST Network assured via aNational Research Project: Prom IST PC7
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Programme of the National Authority forScientific Research in support of TTIinfrastructures (INFRATECH):
Technology and Science Parks Business Incubators
Technology Transfer Centres
Centres for Technology Information Industry Liaison Offices
Technology Clusters and Brokers
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2 components:
- Institutional build up (1 year)
- Specific services (5 years) Budget: up to 500.000 EUR per project
Network of Romanian TTI structures
Infratech
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Exploiting synergies between EU and national resources!
Networking is an important element for innovation. BUT:depending on the actual infrastructural endowment, the
infrastructure up-grade must not be forgotten. Refrain from too strict legal codifications. A law is not really
needed. Can be an obstacle in the implementation.
Importance of a demand orientated approach. Not all > 60 TTIentities regard themselves as innovation service providers!
Financial sustainability is a problem
Lessons from Romania
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3.3 Business Incubators in Algeria
National law for building up and financing incubators (4years)
No real activity so far. Introduction of the topic into theGerman-ALG technical cooperation agreement (ALGMinistry and GTZ)
ZENIT selected as process consultant
Decision of ALG Ministry to focus on incubators fortechnology based start ups
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Lancement Conception Droulement
Atelier delancement
Alger(Ministre,Rgions)
AtelierAlger
(Ministre,3 Pilotes)
Pilote 1
Pilote 2
Pilote 3
Pilote 1
Pilote 2
Pilote 3
Pilote 1
Pilote 2
Pilote 3
Pilote 1
Pilote 2
Pilote 3
Pilote 1
Pilote 2
Pilote 3
(Monitoring) Supervision & valuation
SWOTlaborationdu concept(brouillon)
Concept
(Accord)
Plan dedroulement
changedexpriences
One year from project start tobegin of the implementation
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Is a bit early! For comprehensive lessons
Codification of TT infrastructures in a (national) law again turned
out to be a hindrance factor for efficient implementation
Also: good networking (locally/nationally) requires sufficient knot
points: minimum level of TT-infrastructural endowment isnecessary
Money (from the law), actors (local gov., univ. + business
organisations) and certain problem pressure (highunemployment) were not sufficient for getting the process started.A trigger from a fourth force (process consultant) was necessary
Lessons from Algeria?
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Innovation without Technology/Know how transfer is not possible!
TT represents a key element of innovation policy (differentmotivations of the actors)
We must not expect too much (financially, technologically)
Incremental but permanent flows of knowledge and subsequentapplication may not be so appealing but still they are very efficient
This has consequences for TT-schemes: smaller projects, broadapproaches (technologically), involving people (transfer throughheads, networks, local clusters, )
4. Summary and Conclusions
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Most of the points discussed are general! They apply for Germany asmuch as for Ukraine
Legal framework is an issue! Transition states tend to codify too much(national law for incubators, national cluster law, ):
Think twice before you issue a new law in the TTI-field
Networking (triple helix) versus bad-buddy-groups (closed shops,nepotism, cartels/trusts):Organise broad participation even on the cost of efficiency.
Identify project forms which create local/regional network (RIS,foresights, benchmarking workshops)
Specific Transition aspects?
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Thank you very much for your attention!
Contact:
Michael Guth
Phone ++49-208-30004-56Mail: mg(at)zenit.de