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It is Easy for Universities to Support Free Culture with
Digital Libraries: TheNDLTD Example
Edward A. Fox ([email protected])Virginia Tech, USA
FCDL 2005 – Atlanta
Free Culture & the Digital Library
October 14, 2005
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Outline
• Acknowledgements
• Message
• 5S Framework
• NDLTD as explained with 5S
• Selected Links, Summary
Acknowledgements: Support
• Adobe• NDLTD• NSF (IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227,
0325579; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601)
• OCLC• UNESCO• US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE)• VT• VTLS
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Message
1. If you are serious about Free Culture & DLs, being an active member of NDLTD is a “no brainer”, with clear benefits & real savings.
2. 5S is a clear and precise framework that allows us to describe & discuss DLs.
3. 5S description of NDLTD helps facilitate understanding of how beneficial and easy it is to further develop a free culture around ETDs.
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5S LayersSocieties
Scenarios
Spaces
Structures
Streams
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5S LayersSocieties
Scenarios
Spaces
Structures
Streams
Fire
Wood
Earth
Metal
Water
5 Elements
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5Ss
Ss Examples Objectives
Streams Text; video; audio; image Describes properties of the DL content such as encoding and language for textual material or particular forms of multimedia data
Structures Collection; catalog; hypertext; document; metadata
Specifies organizational aspects of the DL content
Spaces Measure; measurable, topological, vector, probabilistic
Defines logical and presentational views of several DL components
Scenarios Searching, browsing, recommending
Details the behavior of DL services
Societies Service managers, learners, teachers, etc.
Defines managers, responsible for running DL services; actors, that use those services; and relationships among them
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Informal 5S & DL Definitions
DLs are complex systems that
• help satisfy info needs of users (societies)
• provide info services (scenarios)
• organize info in usable ways (structures)
• present info in usable ways (spaces)
• communicate info with users (streams)
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Hypotheses
• A formal theory for DLs can be built based on 5S.
• The formalization can serve as a basis for modeling and building high-quality DLs.
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5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)
5S
structures (d.10)streams (d.9) spaces (d.18) scenarios (d.21) societies (d. 24)
structural metadataspecification(d.25)
descriptive metadataspecification(d.26)
repository(d. 33)
collection (d. 31)
(d.34)indexingservice
structured stream (d.29)
digitalobject (d.30)
metadata catalog (d.32)
browsingservice
(d.37)
searchingservice (d.35)
digital library(minimal) (d. 38)
services (d.22)
sequence (d. 3)
graph (d. 6)function (d. 2)
measurable(d.12), measure(d.13), probability (d.14), vector (d.15), topological (d.16) spaces
event (d.10)state (d. 18)
hypertext(d.36)
sequence (d. 3)
transmission(d.23)
relation (d. 1) language (d.5)
grammar (d. 7)
tuple (d. 4)*
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Browsing Collaborating Customizing Filtering Providing access Recommending Requesting Searching Visualizing
Annotating Classifying Clustering Evaluating Extracting Indexing
Measuring Publicizing
Rating Reviewing (peer)
Surveying Translating
(language)
Conserving Converting
Copying/Replicating Emulating Renewing
Translating (format)
Acquiring Cataloging
Crawling (focused) Describing Digitizing
Federating Harvesting Purchasing Submitting
Preservational Creational
Add Value
Repository-Building
Information Satisfaction
Services
Infrastructure Services
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Tools/Applications
5S MetaModel
5SGraphDL
Expert
DL Designer
5SL DL
Model
5SLGen
Practitioner
Researcher
TailoredDL
Teacher
componentpool
ODLSearch,ODLBrowse,ODLRate,ODLReview,
…….
Logging ModuleXMLLog
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Fox & Gonçalves Textbook Parts
• Ch. 1. Introduction (Motivation, Synopsis)
• Part 1 – The “Ss”
• Part 2 – Higher DL Constructs
• Part 3 – Advanced Topics
• Appendix
A Digital Library Case Study
• Domain: graduate education, research
• Genre: ETDs= electronic theses & dissertations
• Training (UNESCO, multilingual): www.etdguide.org
Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD, 501 c 3) www.ndltd.org
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NDLTD Societies
1. Graduate students
2. General public (e.g., readers, citizens)
3. Board of Directors
4. Projects/Sponsors
5. Members
6. Researchers
7. Faculty, administrators, (digital) librarians, archivists, sponsors, publishers, …
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Board of Directors• Suzie Allard (ETD 2004, U. Kentucky)• Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank)• Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC)• José Luis Borbinha (Natl Lib Portugal)• Alex Byrne (ETD 2005, ADT: Australia)• Tony Cargnelutti (ETD 2005, Australia)• Vinod Chachra (VTLS)• Susan Copeland (RGU, UK)• Jude Edminster (Bowling Green St. U.)• Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD 2002, BYU)• Edward A. Fox (Exec Director,Virginia Tech)• John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.)• Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC)• Christine Jewell (U. Waterloo, Canada)
• Delphine Lewis (ProQuest)• Joan K. Lippincott (CNI)• Mike Looney (Adobe)• Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech)• Joseph Moxley (ETD 2000, USF)• Eva Müller (U. Uppsala, Sweden)• Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil)• Axel Plathe (UNESCO, Paris)• Sharon Reeves (National Library Canada)• Peter Schirmbacher (ETD 2003, Humboldt)• Hussein Suleman (U.Cape Town, S. Africa)• Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India)• Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD 2001, Caltech)
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Selected Projects / Sponsors
• Australia (ADT)• Brazil (BDT, IBICT)• Canada• Catalunya• Chile (Cybertesis)• Germany• India (Vidyanidhi)• Korea• OhioLINK: 79
colleges/univs
• Portugal (National Library)
• South Africa• UK (British Library,
JISC, Edinburgh, …)• UNESCO (especially
Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa)
• Venezuela
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NDLTD Scenarios
1. Research using ETDs
2. Authoring an ETD
3. Submitting an ETD, reviewing, revising, finalizing, approving
4. Cataloging an ETD, indexing
5. Institutional repostorizing
6. Searching, browsing
7. Selecting, downloading, citing
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NDLTD Scenarios
8. Career of a graduate student
9. University graduate program
10.ETD activities worldwide
11.Free culture worldwide
12.Developing and deploying open source software and systems
• ETD-db• DSpace, …
Student Gets CommitteeSignatures and Submits ETD
Signed
Grad School
Library Catalogs ETD, Access isOpened to the New Research
WWW
NDLTD
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NDLTD Spaces
1. Online learning space, offline book space2. Locations, people, institutions, cultures3. OAI-PMH sets of data providers and
harvesting site / service providers4. Interfaces for access to ETDs
• OCLC (OAI, Union Catalog, SRU)• VT and CALIS using Open Digital Libraries• VT research on implicit user models (w. Scirus)• Scirus• VTLS
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OCLC SRU Interface
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ETD Union Search Mirror Site in China (CALIS)(http://ndltd.calis.edu.cn – popular site!)
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NDLTD Structures
1. Committees
2. Conference organization
3. Social networks
4. ETD Metadata Standard
5. Union Catalog
6. XML /SGML / HTML document structure
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NDLTD Streams
1. Document content
2. Bit streams connecting computers• Not encrypted if free culture
3. Harvesting streams
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Why ETD? Short Answer
• For Students:– Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age– Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …)
• For Universities: – Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit
thereby
• For the World: – Global digital library – large, useful, many services
• General:– Save time and money– Increased visibility for all associated with research results
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Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu
• ETD Guide (UNESCO funding, multiple languages)– www.etdguide.org
• NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations worldwide)– www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org
• OAI (Open Archives Initiative)– www.openarchives.org
• Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu)– 5S, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, DL-in-a-box, ENVISION,
ETANA, MARIAN, NDLTD, NSDL, OAD, ODL, …)
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Summary
1. If you are serious about Free Culture & DLs, being an active member of NDLTD is a “no brainer”, with clear benefits & real savings.
2. 5S is a clear and precise framework that allows us to describe & discuss DLs.
3. 5S description of NDLTD helps facilitate understanding of how beneficial and easy it is to further develop a free culture around ETDs.
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Questions?Discussion?
Thank You!