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LUIS SOARES BARBOSA UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO & INESC TECUNU-EGOV
BOGOTA, 24 JULY 2015
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND
CITIZENSHIP
(NOTES ON THE PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE)
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EGOV: FORM & FUNCTION
EGOV is for … governance …
E in EGOV as an operational component serving a broader objective: that of providing infrastructure and public services, defining and implementing public policies in an efficient and participative way
A case for the E in EGOV in the iceberg metaphor
… as more than ever, FORM models FUNCTION
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PLAN
1. Technology & Innovation2. The Portuguese Experience3. The Role of EGOV Innovation4. The EGOV Innovation Hub @UMinho
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
DOES IT MATTER?
Nicholas Carr (2003, in the aftermath of the IT bubble):
• Companies should spend less in IT• and take it as defensive investment, rather that an
offensive one
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
• But in fact it was not IT that was flawed, but the investor’s projections that were too optimistic …
• The gap between being a winner or a lagging firm in IT-intensive industry is large and growing
(Sorell & Zhu, 2009)
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
USING TECHNOLOGY EFFECTIVELY MATTERS MORE NOW THAN EVER BEFORE
• It is worthwhile to study IT’s strategic value business
• taking it not as just another type of capital investment • … but measuring complementary investments, e.g. training, consulting, testing, process engineering …
• … and examining the value of product quality, timeliness, variety, convenience and new products and procedures
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
IS THIS DIFFERENT FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR?
50 years ago companies suffered from the same bloat that government does, but:
• Business has changed shape dramatically since then: slimming, focusing, building networks …
• The State is still stuck in the era of vertical integrations (when Henry Ford thought it made sense to own the sheep whose wool went into the seat covers of his cars …)
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
Sustainable articulation between new forms of service delivery Data availability at a huge scale Possibility of continuous assessment and monitorization Change of gravity center for citizenship …
Internet, cloud, mobility, pervasive networking, IT mediated collaboration, … have potential to bring:
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
… is beginning to do for services what machines did for agriculture and industry
… removed from the State what was once one of of its great sources of power: the information “monopoly”
… is changing the nature of the relationships with the State:
from a hierarchical structure to a network that can mobilise the energies and abilities of millions of well informed citizens
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TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
NEW TECHNOLOGIES OFFER THE CHANCE TO IMPROVE GOVERNMENT DRAMATICALLY i.e. the chance to modernise an institution --- the state --- which we have overloaded with responsabilities …
• even if doing so implies revisiting an old question: what is the State for?
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THE PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE
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THE PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE
PUTTING THE USER AT THE CENTER OF THE PUBLIC-SECTOR UNIVERSE
• The Citizen Shop (1999) and the Citizen Desk (2012)
• Service integration• Reorganization of public services backoffices• Coexistence of complementary channels• Partnerships with the private sector
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THE PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE
ADMINISTRATIVE SIMPLIFICATION
• The Simplex program (2006) & friends
• Process dematerialization• Focus on making the management of economy agile
(Licenciamento Zero, Entrepeneur Desk, …) • Multi-level, intersectorial integration• The “Tell only once” principle (2014)• Partnerships with the private sector
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THE PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE
INTEGRATION & INTERCONNECTION
• The Citizen Card (2007) & the Digital Mobile Key (2015)• Main catalyst for the EGOV strategy in Portugal
(digital signature, access integration)• Broader, simplified access
• Multi-level, intersectorial integration (the “I lost my wallet” Desk)• Adoption (although incomplete) of open formats• Semantic & technical interoperability • … also a cultural challenge!
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THE ROLE OF EGOV INNOVATION
RAISING PUBLIC SERVICE AND EFFICIENCY
Low added-value work:A lot of traditional clerkwork tasks can now be made self-service
… and citizens become aware of the true cost of the services they are using (detailed invoicing to citizens services)
High added-value work:• State needs to be a much better and better prepared regulator e.g. mandatory public e-tendering
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THE ROLE OF EGOV INNOVATION
RAISING PUBLIC TRANSPARENCY
• Open governmental data
• Open (local, sectorial, …) budget and actions screening
• Combat to fiscal evasion and parallel economy: imbalances translate either to bigger taxes or better tax compliance Digital is key in increasing the level of compliance
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THE ROLE OF EGOV INNOVATION
RAISING CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT / PARTICIPATION
• Need to recover citizen engagement and enhance representation from citizen's opinions
--- a key issue to tackle populism • Local Gov experiments are more successful than central Gov ones • The cost of “listening to the People” has been reduced –– which entails the need for preparing for decisions and implementing them
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THE ROLE OF EGOV INNOVATION
RAISING THE POTENTIAL FOR MEETING NEW CHALLENGES
Technology: MOBILE TECHNOLOGYFrameworks for interoperable mobile services
Technology: AUTOMATED REASONINGLaw Quality validation and simplification
Technology: SECURITY TECHNIQUESLong-term legal digital-signed document services
Technology: CLOUDSecurity assessment of PaaS solutions
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB
AMA – Governmental Agency responsible for EGOV development in Portugal (2007)
UNU-EGOV - A think-tank on egov for THE United Nations (UN) System and member states of the UN (2014)
UMINHO – A multidisciplinary, research-oriented University (1973)
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB
To seek synergies between major players – government, academia, private sector, NGOs, society; for EGOV innovations
To be a think-tank for Inter-sectoral and multi-level public administration problems
To offer an innovation lab for designing and testing EGOV solutions
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
To promote research and innovation in policy, technology and processes
TOPICS: accountability, open government, interoperability, dematerialisation, mobility, open data, mobile architectures, security, trustworthy software infrastructures,
inclusion and participation…
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB
INTERNATIONALIZATION
identify, develop and package remarkable experience and achievements in Electronic Governance
share and promote this experience internationally
building the eGov Innovation Hub as a joint global brand.
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB
TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING
To become a trustworthy partner for research, consultancy, executive training and capacity building
… at all levels of public administration, sectorial and inter-sectorial, local, regional, national and international
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THE EGOV INNOVATION HUB